scholarly journals Availability Projections of Hydroelectric Power Plants through Monte Carlo Simulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8398
Author(s):  
Marcos Tadeu Barros de Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia de Sousa Oliveira Silva ◽  
Elisa Oliveira ◽  
André Luís Marques Marcato ◽  
Giovani Santiago Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Maintenance Schedule ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
The Impact

The present work proposes a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to obtain availability projections for Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP), based mainly on regulatory aspects involving the Availability Factor (AFA). The main purpose of the simulation is to generate scenarios to obtain statistics for risk analysis and decision-making in relation to the HPP. The proposed methodology consists of two steps, firstly, the optimization of the maintenance schedule of the hydroelectric plant is carried out, in order to allocate the mandatory maintenance in the simulation horizon. Then, for the MCS, scenarios of forced shutdowns of the Generating Units (GU) will be generated, which directly influence the operation and, consequently, the availability of the HPP. The scenarios will be inserted into an operation optimization model, which considers the impact of forced shutdown samples on the MCS. The proposed modeling was applied using real data from the Santo Antônio HPP, which is one of the largest hydroelectric plants in Brazil.

Engineering Solutions to the Greenhouse Gases Generated by Hydroelectric Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaufui Vincent Wong
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing

There is a controversy brewing for about 10 years that hydroelectric power plants are not a clean, renewable source of electricity. The current review indicates that the source of methane is not in the mechanics or mechanical design of the equipment used. The source of the methane is from nature, and man's failure to do the right thing. This methane may be reduced or completely eliminated. If this cannot be accomplished or if it is too expensive to retrofit the hydroelectric plant, then the deep water may be preprocessed (and the methane collected) before being used in the water turbine. Several methods have been introduced and discussed. Details have been omitted so that practicing engineers and other professionals can obtain funds to research and develop or invent the practical solutions suited to conditions local to the problem.

scholarly journals Influence of Debris on Water Intake Gratings in Small Hydroelectric Plants: An Experimental Study on Hydraulic Parameters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3248
Author(s):  
Natalia Walczak ◽  
Zbigniew Walczak ◽  
Jakub Nieć
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
The Impact

Deposition of debris on the screens of hydroelectric power plants translates into measurable economic losses. Occurring plant debris, although it is an organic material, is characterised by different forms and structure. It is often leaves, branches, and grasses in lowland areas, while in mountainous regions, broken boughs and trees can be expected. On the trash racks of power plants, debris may be deposited in different forms, shapes, and places. This work aims to determine the impact of the degree of submergence of debris on the values of the force acting on the racks. This paper analyzes the influence of the rectangular shape of the debris deposited on the trash racks and its degree of submergence and weight on the obtained values of the force acting on the racks as a result of water pressure, which directly affects the hydraulic losses and productivity of hydroelectric power plants. Our research confirms the negative influence of the deposited plant debris on the value of forces recorded on the gratings. The increase in the recorded force, and thus the resistance on the grating, is obviously dependent on the degree of obstruction of the debris by the grating obtained by changing the degree of debris immersion and its weight. In the case of changing the degree of submergence, the increase in force recorded on the gratings varied during the experiment from about 25% recorded for the fully submerged debris compared to that of the partially submerged debris for the mass of 100 g; in comparison, an increase of about 31% was recorded for that of the mass of 200 g. However, comparing the values of the forces recorded on the obstructed grids to that of the forces recorded on the clean grids, the increase ranged from about 15–53%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of small hydropower plant at Ribb irrigation dam in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Worku Bezabih
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants

Abstract Background Energy is the main requirement for economic growth in any country and supports the modern economy. The energy sector is considered a vital element in developing countries because it meets energy needs. This article addresses the production of electricity using small hydroelectric power plants for rural applications. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of the Ribb dam for small hydroelectric plants. The flow is very important for the production of hydroelectricity as the height of a proposed site is constant and the available flow is very variable. Result The flow duration curve is constant and it will vary from 20 to 50% from the nominal flow. Further, it will decrease when the percentage of the nominal flow increases. The best size of a small hydroelectric plant producing a maximum of electricity in the context of future projected flows in the study region. Further, the Ribb dam concluded that the average flow of 14.6331 m3/s, the smooth head of 70.37 m, and the average nominal power of 5.53 MW. Conclusion Small hydro system (SHP) is a promising alternative for the production of cheap and renewable energy in rural or developing areas.

scholarly journals Spillage Forecast Models in Hydroelectric Power Plants Using Information from Telemetry Stations and Hydraulic Control

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Pedro H. M. Nascimento ◽  
Vinícius A. Cabral ◽  
Ivo C. Silva Junior ◽  
Frederico F. Panoeiro ◽  
Leonardo M. Honório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Generation Planning ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Forecast Models

Hydroelectric power plants’ operational decisions are associated with several factors, such as generation planning, water availability and dam safety. One major challenge is to control the water spillage from the reservoir. Although this action represents a loss of energy production, it is a powerful strategy to regulate the reservoir level, ensuring the dam’s safety. The decision to use this strategy must be made in advance based on level and demand predictions. The present work applies supervised machine learning techniques to predict the operating condition of spillage in a hydroelectric plant for 5 h ahead. The use of this method, in real time, aims to assist the operator so that he can make more assertive and safer decisions, avoiding waste of energy resources and increasing the safety of dams. The Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron methods were used to define the architecture compared to the forecasting capacity. The proposed methodology was applied to a 902.5 MW Hydroelectric Power Plant located on the Tocantins River, Brazil. The results demonstrate effective assistance to operators in the decision-making, presenting accuracy of up to 99.15% for the spill decision.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONON THE QUALITY OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
B.M. Khuchunaev ◽  
◽  
А. Tashilova ◽  
L. A. Kesheva ◽  
N. V. Teunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
The Impact

Environment – a set of components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects. When carrying out any construction work, it is necessary to assess the impact of emissions of pollutants on the environment. One of the features of the energy sector at the beginning of the 21st century is the strict regulation of its further development with the requirements of preserving a favorable environment and preventing global pollution. This determines the trend towards an increasing role of renewable energy sources and, first of all, the most efficient hydropower. In the world, small energy began to develop in recent decades, this is mainly due to the desire to avoid environmental damage caused by reservoirs of large hydroelectric power plants, with the ability to guarantee energy supply in isolated and inaccessible areas. The creation of small hydroelectric power plants instead of small power plants operating on fossil fuels leads to a significant improvement in the air basin. This article provides an assessment of the ecological state of the territory from the point of view of the possibility of construction of the object and a preliminary qualitative forecast of possible changes in the environment during the implementation of the planned construction works and its negative consequences. Based on the analysis of the initial state of the environment and the forecast of its resistance to man-made impacts, the assessment of the possible impact of the construction object on the environment in accordance with the requirements for environmental documentation was carried out.

scholarly journals Semi-Rigid Erosion Control Techniques with Geotextiles Applied to Reservoir Margins in Hydroelectric Power Plants, Brazil

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Aparicio Ardila ◽  
Ricardo D. dos Santos Junior ◽  
Marcelo Kobelnik ◽  
Clever Aparecido Valentin ◽  
Marlon Silva Schliewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
Qualitative Performance

In Brazil, hydroelectricity represents close to 70% of the energy consumed in the country. However, hydroelectric plant operations may be affected by the deposit of sediments for erosive processes on reservoir margins. This study presents the results of implementing two semi-rigid erosion control techniques installed on reservoir margins of two Brazilian Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPPs). These techniques were the gabion and gabion mattress used as a mixed technique and geogrid mattress technique. This paper highlights the importance of implementing geotextiles in the construction process of these erosion control techniques, taking advantage of their separation properties. The performance of the techniques was evaluated using qualitative performance variables and by differential bathymetry studies performed in 2016 and 2020 in the experimental units installed in each HPP. Moreover, the degradation of the geotextiles in each installation was evaluated through thermal analysis. The erosion control techniques that showed the best results were gabion and gabion mattress. Regarding the exhumed geotextiles, thermal analyses have shown that the commercial geotextiles that were used can withstand temperatures of up to 200 °C leading to no changes to their structure.

scholarly journals Genetic monitoring of the endangered Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) in the Aude River, France

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gillet ◽  
Bruno Le Roux ◽  
Frédéric Blanc ◽  
Aurélie Bodo ◽  
Christine Fournier-Chambrillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Local Population ◽  
High Water ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Galemys Pyrenaicus

The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is a small semi-aquatic mammal endemic to the Pyrenean Mountains and the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula. This species is currently considered as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List and has been suffering from habitat loss and fragmentation for decades but little is known about the impact of water flow modifications induced by hydroelectric power plants. In order to address this issue we monitored Pyrenean desman individuals living in a harnessed section of the Aude River, by genotyping both faeces samples and hair of live-trapped animals. During a three-year study (2011-2013), a total of 39 individuals were identified using 24 microsatellite loci, 28 from faeces and 11 from trapped animals. Several long distance movements were evidenced up to at least 15 km, a distance that has never previously been reported. These movements might be related to modifications of the river bed caused by very high water flows that occurred during the repair of the Nentilla hydroelectric plant. The local population density suggests that the Aude River provides suitable habitat for the Pyrenean desman, and preservation of this habitat should be a priority for the conservation of this species.

scholarly journals Potential impact of small hydroelectric power plants on river biota: a case study on macroinvertebrates associated to basaltic knickzones

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. C. Ruocco ◽  
J. L. Portinho ◽  
M. G. Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Original Rock ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Small hydroelectric power plants (SHP) have been considered as an alternative for the generation of electricity with reduced environmental impacts. Nevertheless, no studies have addressed changes in a particular kind of river macrohabitat commonly affected by SHPs, the knickzones. This study aimed to assess the impact of a SHP construction on the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna associated with two basaltic knickzones located in Sapucaí-Mirim River, Southeast Brazil. The first, considered as a functional knickzone, follows the natural dynamics of the river flow and preserves the original rock substrate. The second, considered as non-functional knickzone, was permanently flooded after the SHP construction and the consolidated rock substrate was changed by fine sediment. Sampling was carried out in two seasonal periods and the data were analysed through multivariate analysis. It was observed differences in composition and structure of the macroinvertebrates community between the knickzones and periods. The functional knickzone exhibited a much higher richness, 72 taxa compared to 44 in the non-functional, as well as a large number of exclusive taxa (38, being only nine exclusive to the non-functional). Diversity, equitability and density mean values were also higher in the functional knickzone. The limnological parameters varied significantly between dry and rainy seasons but not between the distinct knickzones. This kind of macrohabitats and its potential role for the rivers biodiversity is practically unknown. In the scenery of fast SHP expansion, further studies and protection measures are necessary.

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