Influence of seed size and water restriction on germination of soybean seeds and on early development of seedlings

Germination is a biological process that depends on adequate water supply to embryo development. Water deficit slows this process and depending on intensity and extent of this deficit may cause seed death. Nevertheless, it has not yet been reported whether seed size influences physiological potential, or tolerance to water stress. This study aimed at assessing the effects of seed size, as well as of water stress on germination of the seeds and on early soybean seedling development. The experiment was composed by seeds of 10 soybean cultivars classified by metallic screens with three sizes of oval holes (S12, S13 and S14) and subjected to three water potentials (0, -0.1, and -0.2 MPa), with four replications. Data on genotypes were grouped as replications and arranged on a factorial 3 x 3 (size x water potential), with 40 replications. Data assessed were: first and final count of germination; length and seedling dry weight; and correlation between length/mass of radicle and hypocotyl. It was concluded that under ideal moisture conditions larger seeds have better physiological quality, producing more vigorous seedlings; but, that under water potential of -0.2 MPa smaller seeds produce larger seedlings; and that the hypocotyl is more influenced by water stress than the radicle.

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Use of seed treatment with fungicide in control of colletotrichum truncatum and physiological quality of soybean seeds glycine max

Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v4n2.oliveira ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 98-106

Author(s):

Vinícius Almeida Oliveira ◽

Lorenxo Paradiso Martins ◽

Rogério Cavalcante Gonçalves ◽

Luíz Paulo Figueredo Benício ◽

Daniella Lima da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Colletotrichum Truncatum ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Crop Development ◽

Physiological Quality

The fungus are the main microorganisms present in seeds, is the main cause of deterioration and loss in production. The anthracnose caused by C. truncatum associated with soybean seeds as has main vehicle for introduction into the planting areas can be detected in all stages of crop development, from the cotyledons to the end of the cycle, being present in the stems, veins, leaflets and pods. Thus aimed to evaluate the influence of using different products fungicides as seed treatment, where the seeds were inoculated with the pathogenic fungus and treated with the chemicals They take Carbedazim + Fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M and carboxin + thiram. For each fungicide product was two tramentos done using the doses recommended by the manufacturer and 75% of dose. We evaluated health, germination and promote plant (Plant growth, fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot). This work concludes that the use of fungicide controls significantly seeds infected with C. truncatum and presents a significant improvement as the development of structures seedling.

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Nearly Isogenic Cucumber Genotypes Differing in Leaf Size and Plant Habit Exhibit Differential Response to Water Stress

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.124.4.358 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 358-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sedat Serce ◽

John P. Navazio ◽

Ali F. Gokce ◽

Jack E. Staub

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Seed Size ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Differential Response ◽

Plant Response ◽

Cavity Size ◽

Fruit Number ◽

Plant Habit ◽

Response To Water

Four nearly isogenic cucumber lines (Cucumis sativus L.) differing in leaf size [standard leaf (LL) vs. little leaf (ll)] and plant habit [indeterminate (DeDe) vs. determinate (dede)] were compared for their response to high soil moisture tensions in 1990 and 1996. Comparisons were made between lines for aboveground vegetative and fruit response, between two irrigation regimes, and among three postharvest treatments. Differences in vegetative plant response between lines were documented by wilting ratings, plant dry weight, fruit number and fresh weight, and fruit quality [i.e., fruit shape, seed size, seed cavity size, and pillowy fruit disorder (PFD)] ratings depending upon the stress environment. Postharvest treatment affected the quality of fruit recovered from plants subjected to water stress. Exposure of fruit at 15 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH) for 4 days after hydrocooling, resulted in lower PFD than storage of fruit at 26 °C and 60% RH for 2 days without hydrocooling. Cucumber genotypes showed differential response to water stress indicating that plant habit and leaf size can be important genetic determinants of plant response to water stress. Although plant productivity was not affected by water stress, PFD, shape, seed size, and seed cavity size of fruit from lldede plants were more severely affected by water stress than its llDeDe counterpart. Plants homozygous ll, in either a determinate or indeterminate background, were less susceptible to wilting under water stress conditions than their normal leaf (LL) counterparts. However, plant dry weight and fruit number and weight were higher in LLDeDe plants when compared to their llDeDe counterparts. Fruit recovered from LLDeDe plants were of higher quality than those recovered from llDeDe plants. Thus, wilting response to water stress is not necessarily indicative of a cucumber plant's tolerance to water stress in the reproductive stage.

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Physiological quality of parsley seeds in function of size

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3supl1p1499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽

pp. 1499-1510

Author(s):

Renato Téo de Barros ◽

◽

Cibele Chalita Martins ◽

Tatiane Sanches Jeromini ◽

Givanildo Zildo da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Germination Vigor ◽

Selection Of

Parsley seeds are commercialized without classification by size during processing, unlike other crops. This classification procedure allows the standardization of seed size for high precision in sowing, disposal of unwanted material, and selection of high quality seeds. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of seed size on germination, vigor, and yield performance of two parsley cultivars. Seeds from eight lots of parsley of ‘Portuguesa’ and ‘Chacareira’ cultivar were separated into three size classes, represented by the seeds retained in the sieves of 0.84, 1.00 and 1.41mm mesh opening. After classification, seeds were evaluated in the laboratory for water content, germination percentage, first count, and thousand seed weight. In the field, the fresh and dry weight of aerial part and the final number of plants (stand) were evaluated after 78 days of sowing. The experimental design was the completely randomized design in an 8 x 3 factorial scheme (eight lots and three sieve opening) with four replicates, for both cultivars. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared using Tukey test at 5% probability level. It was concluded that the parsley seeds separated by the 1.41 mm sieves showed higher vigor, and consequently, greater success in stand establishment at the field than those separated by other sieve size. The use of sieves in the classification of parsley seeds helps in obtaining lots with superior physiological quality.

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Physiological Quality in Leucaena leucocephala Seeds Conditioned with Potassium Nitrate Submitted to Saline and Water Stresses

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v33i130132 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jackson Araújo Silva ◽

Iris Renata Freire Silva ◽

Andréa Celina Ferreira Demartelaere ◽

André Dantas De Medeiros ◽

Marcio Dias Pereira

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Initial Development ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

The Impact

Leucaena leucocephala is a species that occurs in semi-arid regions capable of developing physiological and biochemical strategies under adverse environmental situations, such as saline soils and water deficiency. Even so, there are still losses in germination and initial development of plants, mainly due to abiotic stress effects, making it necessary to implement alternatives which are able to diminish the impact on the seeds with the use of potassium nitrate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality in L. leucocephala seeds conditioned in potassium nitrate solution and subjected to saline and water stresses. After scarification, the unconditioned leucine seeds were separated and identified, and the conditioners were immersed in the 1.0 Mmol/L solution of potassium nitrate for 24 hours. The treatments were NaCl: 0; 30; 60; 90; 120 and 150 Mmol/L and the water potential: 0, 0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6, and -0.8 MPa. The seeds were distributed over two Germitest® sheets, moistened with distilled water 2.5 times the dry weight and incubated in a B.O.D. at 25°C for 10 days. Then, the germination speed index, seedling length and seedling mass were measured for the normal seedlings. Eleven treatments with four replicates of 50 seeds were used. The design was completely randomized, and the statistical analyzes were performed in SAS. The use of potassium nitrate (KNO3) contributed to maintaining the physiological quality of L. leucochephala seeds under conditions of saline stress and water restriction.

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Phytotoxicity in soybean seeds treated with phytosanitary products at different application times

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v42237847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Everson Reis Carvalho ◽

Debora Kelli Rocha ◽

Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade ◽

Raquel Maria de Oliveira Pires ◽

Amanda Carvalho Penido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Field Performance ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Hypocotyl Length ◽

Initial Development ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Phytosanitary Products

Abstract: Due to increased use of treated seeds, studies are necessary in relation to the effects of the treatments and their possible consequences on seed quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity according to when phytosanitary products are applied on soybean seeds and their effect on seed physiological quality and field performance. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 9 × 2 factorial arrangement involving 9 seed treatments (fungicides and insecticides) and two application times (60 days before sowing and at the time of sowing in the field). Moisture content was determined and tests were performed to ascertain physiological quality (germination and germination under water restriction). Root and hypocotyl length, seedling length, and vigor and uniformity indices were evaluated with the assistance of Vigor-S®. In the field, the following determinations were made: plant height at 30 and 60 days after emergence, first pod height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and yield. Early seed treatment in the soybean crop can affect initial development of the plants, but it does not affect yield. The phytotoxicity caused by the soybean seed treatment was observed in the root length characteristic.

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Deficit Irrigation in Prunes: Getting More with Less Water

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.550d ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 550D-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenneth A. Shackel ◽

B. Lampinen ◽

S. Southwick ◽

D. Goldhamer ◽

W. Olson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Potential ◽

Economic Benefit ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Moderate Level ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Stem Water Potential ◽

Return Bloom ◽

Stem Water

Prunes trees are believed to be relatively tolerant of water stress, and because prune fruit are dried, a low fresh to dry weight ratio of the fruit will reduce energy requirements for fruit drying and will represent an economic benefit to the grower. In previous research, we found that, under some orchard conditions, irrigation deprivation was associated with a number of economically beneficial effects, including a lower fresh to dry weight ratio of the fruit, increased return bloom, and final saleable crop yield. Analysis of these results was complicated by the effects of irrigation on alternate bearing, and the fact that tree water stress could be substantially different under different soil conditions for the same level of irrigation deprivation. Taking these factors into account, however, indicated that economic yield in prune could be maintained or increased by managing trees at a moderate level of water stress. An experiment was established to determine whether midday stem water potential could be used to guide irrigation and achieve a target level of water stress during the growing season, and whether a moderate level of water stress would be economically beneficial to prune production. By managing prune trees at a moderate level of water stress (midday stem water potential reaching about –1.5 Mpa by the end of the season) over 3 years, an average savings of 40% in applied irrigation water was obtained. Modest increases in return bloom, and an improved fruit dry to fresh weight ratio, occurred in moderately water stressed trees, although overall yield was not changed. The substantial savings in water, without reducing yield, should represent a net economic benefit to growers, depending on the price they pay for water.

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Effect of Water Stress on Ginsenoside Production and Growth of American Ginseng

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.16.3.0517 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wansang Lim ◽

Kenneth W. Mudge ◽

Jin Wook Lee

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Water Potential ◽

Dry Weight ◽

American Ginseng ◽

Panax Quinquefolium ◽

Storage Root ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Stress Treatment ◽

And Storage

We determined the effect of moderate water stress on the growth of american ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), and on concentrations of six major ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd). Two-year-old “rootlets” (dormant rhizome and storage root) were cultivated in pots, in a cool greenhouse (18.3 ± 2 °C). Pots were watered either every 5 days (control) or every 10 days (stress), repeatedly for 8 days. Soil volumetric water content was measured during the last 10 days of the experiment for both treatments. Leaf water potential, measured on the last day of the experiment, was -0.43 MPa for the control and -0.83 MPa for the stress treatment. Drought stress did not affect above-ground shoot or root dry weight. Initial rootlet fresh weight (covariate) had a significant effect on the concentration of ginsenosides Re, Rb1, Rc, and Rb2. Drought stress increased the concentration of ginsenosides Re, Rb1, and total ginsenoside concentration.

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Does the substrate affect the germination of soybean seeds treated with phytosanitary products?

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202044020119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Debora Kelli Rocha ◽

Everson Reis Carvalho ◽

Raquel Maria de Oliveira Pires ◽

Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos ◽

Amanda Carvalho Penido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Seedling Germination ◽

Germination Experiment ◽

Phytosanitary Products

ABSTRACT The use of an appropriate method that accurately expresses physiological seed quality and minimizes possible phytotoxicity by chemical products in laboratory testing with soybean seeds is relevant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence and infer the method adequacy for the representative evaluation of physiological quality of soybean seeds treated with phytosanitary products. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with trial 1 in a 9×5 factorial scheme involving nine seed treatments, including fungicides and insecticides, and solutions with five osmotic potentials (0, -0.25, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) for wetting a paper substrate in a germination experiment, with evaluation of the normal seedlings at five and eight days after sowing. The second experiment consisted of a 9×7 factorial, with nine seed treatments and seven methods for germination evaluation at 5 days (between paper - BP, between sand - BS, between paper with water restriction - BPWR, between paper with preconditioning - BPC, sand between paper - SBP and vermiculite between paper - VBP). Treatments with insecticides affect seedling germination and evaluation, with greater phytotoxicity in relation to fungicides. Methods with readily available water led to greater phytotoxicity than methods with low water availability. For soybean germination evaluation of seeds treated with phytosanitary products, the BPC, SBP and VBP methods were optimal.

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Mineral supplementation of soybean seeds with different initial nutrient levels

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e42484

Author(s):

Gerusa Massuquini Conceição ◽

Vinícius dos Santos Cunha ◽

Glauber Monçon Fipke ◽

Lucas Allan Bruning ◽

Anderson da Costa Rossato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Field Performance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Mineral Supplementation ◽

Physiological Quality

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the chemical composition of soybean seeds and the efficiency of seed mineral supplementation on physiological quality and field performance. Two seed lots (high and low levels of mineral nutrition), with or without supplemental macro- and micronutrients, of three soybean cultivars (BMX Potência RR, BMX Turbo RR, and BMX Magna RR) were used. For the laboratory experiment, a completely randomized design with four replications was used. To evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds, the water content, first count, germination, 1,000-seed weight, and length and dry weight of the seedling were determined. For the field experiment, a randomized block design with four replications was used, and seedling emergence and grain yield were evaluated. Seeds with higher nutrient content produced seedlings of greater vigor and higher grain yield for all of the cultivars studied. The use of mineral supplementation in seed lots with low nutrient content resulted in greater vigor under laboratory conditions. The increase in grain yield after mineral supplementation depends on the quality of the seed lot.

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Evaluation of inoculum potential of pathogens in seeds: relation to physiological quality and DNA quantification by qPCR

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v39n3163901 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 224-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marina de Resende Faria Guimarães ◽

Carolina da Silva Siqueira ◽

José da Cruz Machado ◽

Sueny Kelly Santos de França ◽

Gabriel Castanheira Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Germination Percentage ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Inoculum Potential ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Seed Health ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Cotton Seeds ◽

Stenocarpella Maydis

Abstract: Given what is already known in regard to seed health and the availability of molecular methods for detection of the pathogens Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora in maize seeds, Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides in cotton seeds, and Corynespora cassiicola in soybean seeds, the aim of this study was to evaluate seed vigor according to different inoculum potentials. The fungus isolates were inoculated on seeds by the technique of water restriction, through which different inoculum potentials are obtained, corresponding to times of seed exposure of 0, 24, 48, and 96 hours for maize and cotton seeds, and 0, 36, 108, and 144 hours for soybean seeds. The seeds were subjected to germination, electrical conductivity, health, and qPCR tests. Results of the blotter test showed that in most pathosystems, there was a higher incidence of the fungi with an increase in inoculum potential. A decrease in germination percentage was observed in all species as inoculum potential increased, as well as further degradation of seed membranes. The qPCR test confirmed that the most damaged seeds in the tests had higher presence of the pathogens.

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