Risks, Lessons Learned, and Secondary Markets for Greenhouse Gas Reductions

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Larson ◽  
Paul Parks
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Secondary Markets

Aeroderivative Gas Turbines for LNG Liquefaction Plants: Part 2—World’s First Application and Operating Experience

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Meher-Homji ◽  
Dave Messersmith ◽  
Tim Hattenbach ◽  
Jim Rockwell ◽  
Hans Weyermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Lng Liquefaction ◽  
Market Pressures

LNG market pressures for thermally efficient and environmentally friendly LNG plants coupled with the need for high plant availability have resulted in the world’s first application of high performance aeroderivative gas turbines for a 3.7 MTPA LNG plant in Darwin. The six engines utilized are GE PGT25+ engines rated at 32 MW ISO driving propane, ethylene and methane compressors. The paper describes the design, manufacture, testing, and implementation of these units focusing on both the gas turbine and the centrifugal compressors. Power augmentation utilized on these units is also discussed. An overview of operating experience and lessons learned are provided. Part 1 of this paper provides a detailed analysis of why high thermal efficiency is important for LNG plants from an economic and greenhouse gas perspective.

scholarly journals Sustainability governance of the Danish bioeconomy — the case of bioenergy and biomaterials from agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Scott Bentsen ◽  
Søren Larsen ◽  
Inge Stupak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Agricultural Crop

Abstract Background The EU bioeconomy strategy aims to accelerate the European bioeconomy and its contributions to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. National policies and strategies in many countries promote their bioeconomies. The importance of agricultural crops and residues as raw materials for the bioeconomy is increasingly recognised, but agricultural production also contributes to large impacts on nature and environment. With the aim of assessing the governance measures and their effectiveness in addressing the sustainability of bioenergy and biofuel production, the purpose of this study was to map the governance complex relevant to agricultural crop production in Denmark, and to identify the achievements, challenges and lessons learned. Methods The analysis is based on a review and assessment of publicly available databases, inventory reports and scientific literature on governance measures and their effectiveness. Governance here includes a variety of legislation, agreements, conventions and standardisation. Environmental sustainability is represented by greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, soil carbon, water quality and biodiversity. Results The agricultural sector has a significant impact on Danish climate performance and on landscapes in the form of soil carbon losses, leaching of nutrients to water bodies and pressures on biodiversity. The governance complex addressing these issues is made up of a variety of state regulation and co-regulation between state and firms, state and NGOs, or NGOs and firms. Much regulation is adopted from EU directives and implemented nationally. Conclusions The analysis found that greenhouse gas emission is a virtually unregulated field and additional regulation is required to live up to Denmark’s 2030 emission reduction targets. The regulatory framework for soil carbon is criticised for its complexity, its competing instruments and its recognition procedures of voluntary co-regulation. For water quality governance measures in place have improved water quality, but it is still difficult to achieve the goals of the Water Framework Directive. It remains a challenge to protect biodiversity in agriculture. Biodiversity is mainly governed by national and supranational regulation, but co-regulating between state and firms and NGOs and firms have been initiated in the framework of the Agricultural Agreement.

scholarly journals Will Indonesia be Successful in Reducing its Greenhouse Gas Emissions with REDD+?: the Threat of Organizational Fragmentation

2011 ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medrilzam Medrilzam ◽  
Paul Dargusch ◽  
John Herbohn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
The Relationship

REDD+ schemes are likely to be important components of climate change mitigation strategies for developing countries in a post-Kyoto framework. Many tropical forest countries have been preparing their REDD+ structures in anticipation of the requirements for REDD+ investment. Indonesia, as one of the main REDD+ supporters, is struggling to establish its REDD+ governance framework and REDD+ infrastructure while waiting for the REDD+ mechanism to be ready for implementation at the global level. Demonstration activities are being conducted and several policy documents and regulations have been released since 2007. However, some issues remain outstanding, including organization fragmentation, raising concerns as to whether a REDD+ scheme can be implemented to effectively reduce Indonesia’s greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines Indonesia’s efforts in preparing the REDD+ scheme through evaluations of climate change and REDD+ policy products from various government organizations. Descriptive analysis involving observations on various climate change and REDD+ products is used to reveal complexities that exist within the relationship among government organizations. This paper exposes six lessons learned from Indonesia’s experience and concludes that reduction of organization fragmentation on REDD+ is to be the highest priority action for Indonesia in the short term. With a clear organization framework, REDD+ implementation will be easier to manage and potentially increase investor confidence in REDD+ projects in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The GreenSeeker Handheld: A Research Brief on Farmer Technology Adoption and Disadoption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lapidus ◽  
Annah Latané ◽  
Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio ◽  
Robert Beach ◽  
María Elena Cárdenas Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Yaqui Valley ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Initial Results

The GreenSeeker Handheld crop sensor is an innovative diagnostic tool that farmers can use to improve their fertilizer use efficiency. Over the last decade, farmers in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, widely adopted the technology. Adoption led to significant increases in profits for farmers as well as avoided greenhouse gas emissions. Despite this success, adoption declined sharply in the 2015–2016 growing season. RTI researchers collaborated with the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT) to analyze the average costs and benefits of use of the GreenSeeker in addition to the amount of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. We provide the initial results of these analyses and lessons learned that can help inform dissemination of sustainable agricultural technology transfer.

Urban fossil fuel CO2 emissions from space: lessons learned from the OCO missions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lauvaux ◽  
Sha Feng ◽  
Ruixue Lei ◽  
Tomohiro Oda ◽  
Alexandre Danjou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel Emissions

<p>Pledges from nations and cities to reduce their carbon footprints have reinforced the needs for accurate and transparent reporting of fossil fuel emissions at various scales, with the ultimate goal of the establishments of carbon stocktake as defined by the Paris Agreement. But the assessment of anthropogenic emissions results primarily in collecting socio-economic indicators and emission factors, hence difficult to evaluate, track, or compare without a more standardized and robust methodology. Atmospheric measurements of greenhouse gases are of particular interests by offering an independent and global source of information thanks to satellite platforms observing continuously the atmospheric content of the major gases responsible for human-induced climate change. <br><br>Based on lessons learned from the NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO)-2 mission, we present the potential of satellite-based approaches to monitor greenhouse gas emissions from large metropolitan areas across the world (Riyadh, Lahore, Los Angeles). After exploring the technical aspects and challenges of the approach, potential aerosol contamination (CALIPSO), and model requirements, we introduce the upcoming capabilities from the follow-up mission, OCO-3, dedicated in part to urban emissions with the Snapshot Area Mapping mode, the first imagery of atmospheric CO2 concentrations for hundreds of targeted cities and power plants. Early snapshots are examined with high-resolution simulations over a handful of cities. The ongoing development of assimilation systems to inform policy makers about current trends and inter-annual variations is presented and discussed. We finally examine the potential roles and objectives of satellite missions by exploring recent trends in fossil fuel emissions along with proxies of air quality (MODIS) as a unique opportunity to track not only greenhouse gas emissions but more generally the evolution of urban environments.</p>

scholarly journals Lessons Learned in Management, Marketing, Sales, and Finance Incentive Practices a Decade after the Subprime Mortgage Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jason Earl Thomas
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
Subprime Mortgage ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Mortgage Crisis ◽  
Subprime Mortgage Crisis ◽  
Home Values

The subprime mortgage crisis was the most devastating financial crisis since the Great Depression. The steady rise of housing purchases and seemingly limitless increase in home values drew many investors to the United States real estate market. The business growth in this sector was so compelling that financial firms created new secondary markets that were perceived as diversifying risk, which in turn prompted lenders to create innovative funding vehicles and loose and fast loan qualification processes. The federal government was ill prepared to deal with this shift in the financial world to market-based demand, and the results were disastrous. Lenders embraced predatory lending practices, borrowers with bad credit overextended themselves beyond their means, and foreclosures occurred at startling rates as home values plummeted, resulting in a world-wide economic depression. Ten years later, we reflect on the events that led up to and caused the subprime mortgage crisis for lessons learned to improve management, marketing, and finance incentive practices.

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