Relationship of Premaxillary Bone and Its Sutures to Deciduous Dentition in Nonhuman Primates

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Carmody ◽  
M. P. Mooney ◽  
G. M. Cooper ◽  
C. J. Bonar ◽  
M. I. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Maxillary Bone ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The relationship of the human premaxillary bone (Pmx) to neighboring craniofacial structures is clouded by its embryonic union with the maxillary bone proper. Only humans among all primates have such early fusion of the premaxillomaxillary suture (PS). This study surveyed the relationship of the PS to the upper deciduous dentition in nonhuman primates, and describes the distribution of bone cells along the osseous margins of the Pmx. Method: Twenty-eight subadult primates were studied using gross, CT, and histologic observations. Location of the anterior deciduous dentition relative to the PS was assessed. In sections of selected specimens, observations of bone cells on the osseous boundaries of the Pmx were made. Osteopontin (OPN) immunohistochemistry was used to isolate osteoclastic binding sites along the Pmx boundaries. Results: The PS was consistently found between deciduous incisor and canine in strepsirrhines of all ages, whereas the suture passed variably closer to the incisor or canine in haplorhines. In all species, the anterior part of the Pmx was nonarticulating and mostly osteoblastic, except for osteoclastic margins adjacent to dentition and the nasal fossa. Superolaterally, the osteogenic fronts of the PS were osteoblastic, while more inferiorly, at the level of the deciduous canine, the PS was often osteoclastic. Results from OPN immunohistochemistry support the findings on bone cell distribution. Conclusion: Bone cell distribution patterns in perinatal nonhuman primates resemble those described for the prenatal human Pmx, suggesting that differences among species relate to magnitude rather than the pattern of osteogenesis.

HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PESISIR TANJUNG PURA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Sudiyar . ◽  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Indra Ambalika Syari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Random System ◽  
System Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The destructive fishing feared will give a negative impact on the survival of this organism. This study aims to analyze the density of bivalves, distribution patterns, and to analyze the relationship of bivalves with environmental parameters in Tanjung Pura village. This research was conducted in March 2019. The systematic random system method was used for collecting data of bivalves. The collecting Data retrieval divided into five research stasions. The results obtained 6 types of bivalves from 3 families and the total is 115 individuals. The highest bivalve density is 4.56 ind / m², and the lowest bivalves are located at station 2,1.56 ind / m²,  The pattern of bivalve distribution in the Coastal of Tanjung Pura Village is grouping. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Anadara granosa species was positively correlated with TSS r = 0.890, Dosinia contusa, Anomalocardia squamosa, Mererix meretrix, Placamen isabellina, and Tellinella spengleri were positively correlated with currents r = 0.933.

scholarly journals Bone marrow and bone: a functional unit

2002 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Compston
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bone Physiology

Bone and bone marrow, although often regarded as separate systems, function as a single unit. Cells in the bone marrow are the precursors of bone remodelling cells and exert an important regulatory role both on their own development and the remodelling process, acting as mediators for the effects of systemic and local factors. Other cells, such as immune cells and megakaryocytes, also contribute to the regulation of bone cell development and activity. Many diseases that affect the bone marrow have profound effects on bone, involving interactions between abnormal and normal marrow cells and those of bone. Although recent advances in bone physiology have produced new insights into the relationship between bone marrow and bone cells, much remains to be learnt about the mechanisms by which marrow and bone act in synergy to regulate bone remodelling, both in health and disease.

Effects of Spaceflight on Cultured Bone Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
W.J. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Gravitational Unloading ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
External Forces ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Bone is known to alter its architecture, mass, composition, metabolic state, development and function in response to the effects of external forces applied to it, whether those forces be loading or unloading in nature (1). These adaptive changes by bone and the vertebrate skeletal system in general may be imparted by mechanical forces, gravity, buoyancy, or other such influences and manifest themselves in a number of ways. The skeleton of an animal, for example, may increase in mass through exercise and heightened activity, it may lose mass as a result of extended immobilization or weightlessness, or it may remodel during fracture repair processes. A mechanism explaining the adaptation by bone and the skeleton to the presence or absence of applied forces is not completely understood, but the changes are thought to occur ultimately at the cellular level of structure. Studies presented here have examined the relationship between forces and bone cell response in this context: Spaceflight and weightlessness have been utilized to investigate the influence of gravitational unloading on a model of cultured osteoblasts derived from normal embryonic chicken calvaria.

VIII.—On the Schizochroal Eyes of Three Species of Reedops (Trilobita: Phacopidae) from the Lower Devonian of Bohemia

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 183-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan N. K. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Range

SynopsisBohemian specimens of the phacopacean trilobites Reedops cephalotes (Hawle and Corda,) R. sternbergi (Hawle and Corda) and R. bronni (Barrande) have very well preserved schizochroal eyes. The sizes and distribution patterns of the eye lenses were studied and in R. sternbergi and R. bronni the angular bearings of all the lenses were measured, giving the visual range of the whole eye.The internal anatomy of the eyes was also investigated, mainly from cut and polished sections. In many respects their morphology was comparable with that described previously in the Silurian and Devonian phacopaceans Phacops latifrons (Bronn) and Ananaspis communis (Barrande). The intralensar structures, however, are unlike those of P. latifrons and A. communis but bear a strong resemblance to the intralensar bowls of the Ordovician Zeliszkellinae, an early group believed to have been ancestral both to dalmanitaccan and post-Ordovician phacopacean stocks.A brief history of the evolution of schizochroal eyes is given, some distinctive evolutionary trends are noted and the relationship of the structural pattern in Reedops is discussed with reference to that in other Phacopina.

A multivariate study of moss distributions in relation to environment in the Gulf of St. Lawrence region, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
René J Belland
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Indicator Analysis ◽  
Calcareous Rock ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Moss distribution patterns in the Gulf of St. Lawrence were investigated using multivariate analyses to determine the relationship of the patterns to environmental factors. Distance-based redundancy analysis was used to ordinate 29 operational geographical units (OGU) or sampling units based on their moss floras, and hierarchical cluster analysis in combination with indicator analysis was used to produce classifications of both species and sampling units. Climatic variables, in particular, warmth of the growing season, were the most important factors determining species distribution; this resulted in a north–south gradient through the study area. Oceanity was also shown to be important and manifested as an east–west gradient. Edaphic factors, in particular, amount of calcareous rock outcrop, had a secondary influence and modified the patterns established by climate. Ordination of OGUs showed the effects of environment to be more variable in the northern half of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which may in part explain the higher species richness there. Seven OGU groups were recognized based on cluster analysis of floristic composition. Although indicator species were few, most groups were distinguished by unique sets of regionally rare species. Eleven species elements were identified based on species occurrence in OGUs. The elements constituted sets of overlapping distributions showing southern, northern, and eastern biases in the Gulf region. Multivariate analysis was shown to be effective tool for extracting moss–environment patterns, even at medium geographic scale.Key words: Gulf of St. Lawrence, mosses, environment, richness, distribution, ordination, cluster analysis.

Soil stratigraphy in a deeply weathered shield landscape in south-western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Finkl ◽  
HM Churchward
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Slope Sediment ◽  
Texture Contrast ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Soil stratigraphy on an erosionally modified deeply weathered shield landscape in south-western Australia is described. in situ development of deep profiles of weathering are indicated by preservation of weathered rock fabrics and intact quartz veins. The independence of sedimentary layers is shown by reference to lateral trends within layers, by the relationship of these trends to associated layers, and by certain distribution patterns of mineral grains and reverse weathering patterns between layers. The succession of soil-stratigraphic layers described is used as a basis to interpret profile morphology and aspects of landform development. Striking features of soil morphology and soil pattern can be related to soil stratigraphy and hence to landform history rather than to pedogenic processes. In particular, texture contrast profiles relate to superposition of a shallow slope sediment on clayey saprolite. Red and yellow earths relate to deep phases of this sediment or to erosional exposure of elements of the profiles of deep weathering.

scholarly journals Red blood cell distribution width and mortality and hospitalizations in peritoneal dialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2111-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Soohoo ◽  
Miklos Z Molnar ◽  
Akos Ujszaszi ◽  
Yoshitsugu Obi ◽  
Csaba P Kovesdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Red Blood Cell Distribution

Abstract Background Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is found to be associated with different types of anemia and has recently been studied as a prognostic marker of mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, the relationship of RDW with mortality and hospitalization rate in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is less known. Methods Among 14 323 incident PD patients between 2007 and 2011 in the USA, we examined the relationship of baseline and time-varying RDW with the risk of mortality and time to first hospitalization using adjusted Cox models. In addition, we examined the relationship of baseline RDW and hospitalization rate using an adjusted negative-binomial regression model. Sensitivity analyses included competing risk models and subgroup analyses. Results The study population comprised patients 56 ± 16 years of age, including 43% females, 23% African Americans and 62% diabetics, with a mean RDW of 15.3 ± 1.6%. In models adjusted for clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters, RDW exhibited an incremental relationship with the mortality risk, where RDW ≥16.5% had a 40% and 69% higher risk of death in baseline and time-varying analyses, respectively, compared with an RDW of 14.5–15.5%. Moreover, higher baseline RDW ≥16.5% was also associated with a higher risk of time to first hospitalization {hazard ratio 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.29]} and a higher rate of hospitalizations [incidence rate ratio 1.16 (95% CI 1.09–1.23)]. These results were consistent across numerous sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Higher RDW is associated with a higher risk of mortality and hospitalizations among incident PD patients. Further studies are needed to examine the mechanism behind RDW and adverse outcomes.

The Relationship of Red-Cell Distribution Width and Carotid Intima Media in Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydın Güçlü ◽  
Turgut Tursem Tokmak ◽  
Hacı Kaymaz ◽  
Kültigin Türkmen ◽  
Hande Şenol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Red Cell Distribution Width ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship
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