Are agronomic residues the "missing link" for understanding stable fly population dynamics in the US?

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

Download Full-text

Predicting nuisance fly outbreaks on cattle feedlots in subtropical Australia

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. M. Godwin ◽

D. G. Mayer ◽

G. W. Brown ◽

D. M. Leemon ◽

P. J. James

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Control Programs ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Fly Control ◽

Cattle Feedlots

Flies are important arthropod pests in intensive animal facilities such as cattle feedlots, with the potential to cause production loss, transmit disease and cause nuisance to surrounding communities. In the present study, seasonal population dynamics of three important nuisance flies, namely house flies (Musca domestica L.), bush flies (M. vetustissima Walker) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were monitored on cattle feedlots in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, over 7 years. Musca domestica was by far the dominant species, comprising 67% of the total flies trapped. Models were developed to assess the relationship between weather parameters and fly abundance and to determine whether population trends could be predicted to improve the timing of control measures. For all three species, there were two main effects, namely time-of-year (mainly reflected by minimum temperatures and solar radiation) and rainfall. The abundance of all three species increased with increasing temperature and rainfall, reaching a peak in summer, before decreasing again. Rainfall events resulted in significantly elevated numbers of M. domestica for up to 5 weeks, and for 1 week for M. vetustissima. Peak fly numbers were predicted by the model to occur in spring and summer, following 85–90-mm weekly rainfall. The population dynamics of S. calcitrans were least influenced by rainfall and it was concluded that weather variables were of limited use for forecasting stable fly numbers in this environment and production system. The models provide a useful tool for optimising the timing of fly-control measures, such as insecticide or biopesticide applications, adding to the efficiency of integrated control programs.

Download Full-text

ON THE USE OF MECHANISTIC AND DATA-DRIVEN MODELS IN POPULATION DYNAMICS: THE CASE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE US OVER THAT PAST TWO CENTURIES

BIOMAT 2010 ◽

10.1142/9789814343435_0006 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

JUAN PABLO APARICIO ◽

CARLOS CASTILLO-CHAVEZ

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Data Driven ◽

The Us

Download Full-text

A Historical Review of Management Options Used against the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11050313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

David Cook

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Historical Review ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Management Options ◽

Stable Flies ◽

Arthropod Predators ◽

The Us ◽

Physical Barriers ◽

Production Losses

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), remains a significant economic pest globally in situations where intensive animal production or horticultural production provide a suitable developmental medium. Stable flies have been recorded as pests of livestock and humans since the late 1800s to early 1900s. Over 100 years of research has seen numerous methodologies used to control this fly, in particular to protect cattle from flies to minimise production losses. Reduced milk production in dairy cows and decreased weight gain in beef cattle account for losses in the US alone of > $2000 million annually. Rural lifestyles and recreation are also seriously affected. Progress has been made on many control strategies against stable fly over a range of chemical, biological, physical and cultural options. This paper reviews management options from both a historical and a technical perspective for controlling this pest. These include the use of different classes of insecticides applied to affected animals as toxicants or repellents (livestock and humans), as well as to substrates where stable fly larvae develop. Arthropod predators of stable flies are listed, from which potential biological control agents (e.g., wasps, mites, and beetles) are identified. Biopesticides (e.g., fungi, bacteria and plant-derived products) are also discussed along with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against stable flies for several animal industries. A review of cultural and physical management options including trapping, trap types and methodologies, farm hygiene, scheduled sanitation, physical barriers to fly emergence, livestock protection and amendments added to animal manures and bedding are covered. This paper presents a comprehensive review of all management options used against stable flies from both a historical and a technical perspective for use by any entomologist, livestock producer or horticulturalist with an interest in reducing the negative impact of this pest fly.

Download Full-text

Kyrgyzstan

Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development - Handbook of Research on Sociopolitical Factors Impacting Economic Growth in Islamic Nations ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2939-2.ch020 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 404-426

Author(s):

Mehmet Yüce

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Economic Cooperation ◽

The State ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Kyrgyz Republic ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

The West ◽

The Us ◽

Education Culture

Kyrgyzstan is very rich and striking with its ethnic composition. After the collapse of USSR, the changes in social infrastructure and the differentiation in the ideological premises of the state have led to a dramatic change in the population dynamics of the country. Now, the Kyrgyzstan Republic is a democratic and secular state. Ethnic structure, border security, long border with China are important issues of Kyrgyzstan, which, in its foreign policy, has drawn a profile that is open to the west, avoids conflicts with its neighbors, pursues a balanced policy in its relations with the US, Russia and China. Turkey is also an important partner of Kyrgyzstan; between Turkey and the Kyrgyz Republic, over 100 agreements and cooperation documents were signed in the fields of education, culture, trade and economic cooperation, transport, communication, military and other areas.

Download Full-text