Evaluation of Control of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) with Tillage and Herbicides

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
William Anderson ◽  
George S. Cutts
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Exotic Pest Plant ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Biomass Reduction

AbstractNapiergrass has potential as a cellulosic biofuel crop because of its rapid growth habit in the southern United States. However, it is also listed as a potential invasive species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. For field renovation, information about napiergrass control in response to tillage and herbicides is required. Field studies were initiated to evaluate control of napiergrass established in fields for over 3 yr at Plains, GA, and Tifton, GA. For tillage and POST herbicides, imazapyr plus glyphosate consistently controlled napiergrass relative to diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage in terms of visual injury, stem height and dry biomass reduction. One application of imazapyr plus glyphosate controlled napiergrass 74 and 94%, and reduced plant stem height to 6 and 15% of the nontreated control. When diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage was used alone with no sequential herbicides, napiergrass control ranged from 12 to 33%; when these control tactics were followed by two sequential applications of either sethoxydim or glyphosate, napiergrass control varied from 45 to 99%. Reductions in plant heights were reflective of injury 47 d after final herbicide applications (May/June). Napiergrass yield in dry biomass production was reduced by imazapyr plus glyphosate ≥ 86% relative to the nontreated control (NTC). Diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage alone was not effective in reducing napiergrass dry biomass yields ranging from 1 to 47% compared with the NTC; when these treatments were followed by sequential applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate, napiergrass dry biomass was reduced 46 to 91% compared with the NTC. Tillage plus two applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate exhibited control potential because they provided levels of napiergrass control similar to imazapyr-based treatments. Tillage plus multiple applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate offers flexibility to crop rotations as compared with the residual herbicide imazapyr, which has many crop rotation restrictions because of carryover concerns.

Cadillo (Urena lobata) control with POST herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
José Luiz C. S. Dias ◽  
Guilherme Esteves Duarte ◽  
Wendy Linares Colombo ◽  
Brent A. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Biomass Reduction

AbstractCadillo is an invasive species in Florida pastures and natural areas. Despite its invasiveness, relatively few studies have evaluated cadillo management. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine effective POST herbicides for cadillo control in Florida. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted at the Range Cattle Research and Education Center near Ona, FL, in 2015 and 2016. In the greenhouse study, triclopyr-ester, aminopyralid, metsulfuron, 2,4-D amine, aminopyralid+metsulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor+metsulfuron, and imazapyr+aminocyclopyrachlor+metsulfuron provided ≥80% control of cadillo 28 d after treatment (DAT). Aminocyclopyrachlor at 17 and 35 g ha–1were the only treatments with <80% control, with 70% and 75% control, respectively. Similar results were reflected in cadillo dry biomass reduction. The herbicide treatments used in the field study were triclopyr-ester, aminopyralid, 2,4-D amine, aminocyclopyrachlor, and triclopyr+fluroxypyr. Most treatments provided excellent control in the field (≥90% control) 30 DAT, and by 60 DAT all treatments provided 100% control. Results from these studies suggest that cadillo is susceptible to many of the common POST herbicides utilized in pastures and natural areas in Florida.

Economic and interference threshold densities of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Baziramakenga ◽  
Gilles D. Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Dry Biomass

Field studies were conducted in 1989 and 1990 at St-Augustin, Quebec, Canada, to determine the economic threshold density of quackgrass in potato. Potato yield losses due to quackgrass interference increased with quackgrass population density. Potato yield ranged from 33 to 73% in 1989, and from 19 to 44% in 1990. The relationship between potato yield losses and quackgrass densities was described by a rectangular hyperbolic function. Dry weight of quackgrass proved to be the best predictor of potato yield loss compared to shoot number. The interference thresholds for 10% potato yield loss amounted to 25 shoots m−2or 20 g total dry biomass m−2. The economic threshold varied between 0.04 and 2 shoots m−2or 0.0165 and 1.5 g total dry biomass m−2, depending on the variables considered.

Integration of residual herbicides with cover crop termination in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M. Whalen ◽  
Lovreet S. Shergill ◽  
Lyle P. Kinne ◽  
Mandy D. Bish ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractCover crops have increased in popularity in midwestern U.S. corn and soybean systems in recent years. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate how cover crops and residual herbicides are effectively integrated together for weed control in a soybean production system. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate summer annual weed control and to determine the effect of cover crop biomass on residual herbicide reaching the soil. The herbicide treatments consisted of preplant (PP) applications of glyphosate plus 2,4-D with or without sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron at two different timings, 21 and 7 d prior to soybean planting (DPP). Cover crops evaluated included winter vetch, cereal rye, Italian ryegrass, oat, Austrian winter pea, winter wheat, and a winter vetch plus cereal rye mixture. Herbicide treatments were applied to tilled and nontilled soil without cover crop for comparison. The tillage treatment resulted in low weed biomass at all collection intervals after both application timings, which corresponded to tilled soil having the highest sulfentrazone concentration (171 ng g−1) compared with all cover crop treatments. When applied PP, herbicide treatments applied 21 DPP with sulfentrazone had greater weed (93%) and waterhemp (89%) control than when applied 7 DPP (60% and 69%, respectively). When applied POST, herbicide treatments with a residual herbicide resulted in greater weed and waterhemp control at 7 DPP (83% and 77%, respectively) than at 21 DPP (74% and 61%, respectively). Herbicide programs that included a residual herbicide had the highest soybean yields (≥3,403 kg ha−1). Results from this study indicate that residual herbicides can be effectively integrated either PP or POST in conjunction with cover crop termination applications, but termination timing and biomass accumulation will affect the amount of sulfentrazone reaching the soil.

Evaluation of Spring and Fall Burndown Application Timings on Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in No-Till Cotton

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas N. Owen ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Cliford H. Koger ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate fall applications of herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed before planting cotton. Fall treatments were compared with spring treatments for control of GR horseweed and effect on seed cotton yield. Fall and spring treatments with and without residual herbicides were also compared. No differences were observed for control of GR horseweed or seed cotton yield between fall and spring application timings. However, a difference was observed between fall applications with and without a residual herbicide. Fall applications that contained residual herbicides provided 86% control of GR horseweed and yielded 2,360 kg/ha of seed cotton. Fall applications that did not contain a residual herbicide only provided 70% control of GR horseweed and yielded 2,010 kg/ha of seed cotton. No benefit was observed from spring applications that contained a residual herbicide. This research indicates that glyphosate-resistant horseweed can be controlled with fall- or spring-applied burndown herbicides, and fall applications should include a residual herbicide for best results.

Deep Tillage and Glyphosate-Reduced Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) and Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) Populations in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Applications Integration ◽  
Reduced Density

Field studies were conducted during the years 2000 to 2003 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the efficacy of fall deep tillage and glyphosate applications on redvine and trumpetcreeper populations and soybean yield in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Fall deep (≈45 cm) tillage for 1, 2, and 3 yr reduced redvine density by 95, 88, and 97%, respectively, compared with shallow (≈15 cm) tillage, but deep tillage did not reduce trumpetcreeper density. Glyphosate applied preplant reduced trumpetcreeper density (25 to 44%), but not redvine density, compared to that with no glyphosate. Glyphosate early postemergence (EPOST) either alone (45 to 67%) or followed by (fb) late postemergence (LPOST; 59 to 83%) reduced density of trumpetcreeper, but not of redvine, compared to that with no herbicide. However, dry biomass of both vines was reduced with glyphosate EPOST or LPOST compared to that with no herbicide. Soybean yields were higher with deep tillage vs. shallow tillage, glyphosate preplant application vs. no glyphosate, and glyphosate EPOST either alone or fb LPOST vs. no herbicide. Redvine did not reestablish in 2003, which was after skipping fall deep tillage for 1 yr following three consecutive years of deep tillage compared with shallow tillage. It is possible to manage redvine infestations with fall deep tillage and trumpetcreeper infestations with glyphosate preplant and postemergence (POST) in-crop applications. Integration of fall deep tillage and glyphosate POST applications could be an effective strategy to manage combined infestations of these vines in glyphosate-resistant soybean.

Control of Volunteer Horseradish and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with Dicamba and Glyphosate

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Jenkins ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
S. Alan Walters
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Management of volunteer horseradish is a challenge when it is grown in rotation with other crops, such as corn and soybean. Although volunteer horseradish may not cause yield loss, these plants serve as hosts for various soilborne pathogens that damage subsequent horseradish crops. In addition to volunteer horseradish, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth is becoming difficult to control in southwestern Illinois, as a consequence of the plant’s ability to withstand glyphosate and drought, produce many seeds, and grow rapidly. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of glyphosate and dicamba on volunteer horseradish and Palmer amaranth control in 2014 and 2015. Glyphosate alone (1,265 and 1,893 g ae ha−1) and glyphosate plus dicamba at the high rate (1,680 g ae ha−1) provided the greatest volunteer horseradish control, ranging from 81% to 89% and 90% to 93%, respectively. Measures of root biomass reduction followed similar trends. Glyphosate alone provided the greatest reduction in volunteer horseradish root viability (79% to 100%) but was similar in efficacy to applications of glyphosate plus dicamba in most comparisons. Efficacy of PRE-only applications on Palmer amaranth control ranged from 92% to 99% control in 2014 and 68% to 99% in 2015. However, PRE-only applications were often similar in efficacy to PRE followed by (fb) glyphosate plus dicamba applied POST. Treatments containing flumioxazin did not control Palmer amaranth as well as other treatments. POST applications alone were not effective in managing Palmer amaranth. Many of the PRE fb POST treatment options tested will improve resistance management over PRE-only treatments, provide control of Palmer amaranth, and allow horseradish to be planted the following spring.

scholarly journals Formation of energy willow productivity with re-introduction of sewerage

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak ◽  
◽  
G. Gritsulyak ◽  
T. Yakubovsky ◽  
B. Barchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Studies

The article presents the results of field studies conducted in the Tysmenytsia district of Ivano-Frankivsk region on sod-podzolic soils with the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, to determine the productivity of willow energy of the second cycle of plantation use. Studies have shown that sewage sludge before the second cycle of using willow plantation energy, increases the content of organic matter in the soil, increases the productivity of agrophytocenosis, in particular raises the yield of raw and dry biomass.

scholarly journals Yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under biofertilizer doses and application intervals

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 633-640
Author(s):  
Varley A. Fonseca ◽  
Carlindo S. Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo R. Alvarenga ◽  
Delfran B. dos Santos ◽  
Felizarda V. Bebé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Due to the water restriction, associated with the high cost of fertilizers, and the need to produce forage in the semi-arid regions, studies using biofertilizers in cactus pear production tend to become impactful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under doses and application intervals of bovine manure biofertilizer. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two biofertilizer application intervals (14 and 21 days) and five biofertilizer doses (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 m3 ha-1). Three replicates were used, totaling 30 experimental units. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of cladodes, cladode length, cladode width and cladode area index, dry biomass percentage, and green and dry biomass yields. The use of 60 m3 ha-1 of liquid cattle manure biofertilizer increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. The application of 60 m3 ha-1 of biofertilizer at the interval of 14 days increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear.

Effect of DBCP on Fluchloralin Persistence

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayte Brewer ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
Terry L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
First Order ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Field Plots

Three field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period to evaluate the persistence of fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline], and to determine whether DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) affected persistence. Fluchloralin was applied to field plots at 1.1 kg/ha with and without DBCP at 20.5 kg/ha. In the first study, soil samples were taken periodically over a 1-yr period and assayed for fluchloralin by both gas chromatography (GC) and a sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL. Moench ‘AKS-516’) root-elongation bioassay. Both methods of analysis indicated that fluchloralin persistence was unaffected by DBCP. An oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Ora’) bioassay of soil from the field plots 41 weeks after treatment showed no residual herbicide activity. In the next two field studies, soil samples were taken periodically over a 32-week period and assayed by GC for fluchloralin. A greenhouse sorghum bioassay of soil samples taken from both tests 32 weeks after application showed residual activity of fluchloralin in one test, but differences were not attributable to DBCP. A two-phase process of fluchloralin dissipation in field soil was indicated from analysis of the data using a complex first-order regression, as opposed to a simple first-order regression. Half-life values describing fluchloralin persistence, using the complex first-order regression, ranged from 2.3 to 3.7 weeks for the first phase and 9.5 to 26.7 weeks for the second phase.

Effect of Soybean (Glycine max)Cultivar, Tillage, and Rye (Secale cereale)Mulch on Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Clifton Hiebsch ◽  
Gregory MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of soybean cultivar, tillage, and rye mulch on sicklepod growth. Early-season sicklepod height was not affected by tillage or mulch. Sicklepod was tallest when grown with ‘Centennial’ or ‘Biloxi,’ the tallest cultivars, and shortest when grown with a dwarf isoline of ‘Tracy M,’ the shortest cultivar. Soybean competition reduced early-season weed density by 30 to 50%, depending on the cultivar. Centennial and dwarf Tracy M caused a 30% reduction in early-season sicklepod biomass while ‘Sharkey’ and Biloxi reduced sicklepod growth by 40%. By late-season, sicklepod biomass reduction ranged from 18% (Tracy M) to 55% (Biloxi) and was directly related to soybean cultivar height. Mulch or no-tillage independently reduced sicklepod biomass.

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