Rice and red rice interference. I. Response of red rice (Oryza sativa) to sowing rates of tropicaljaponicaandindicarice cultivars

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo E. Estorninos ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Extension Center

Field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center at Stuttgart, AR, in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw) red rice to sowing densities of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1of ‘Kaybonnet,’ ‘Guichao,’ and ‘PI 312777’ rice cultivars. PI 312777 produced a greater leaf area index and tiller density than Kaybonnet when grown with red rice. In 1997, Stgstraw seed yields were lower when grown with PI 312777 and Guichao than with Kaybonnet. The increased weed population in 1998 did not increase seed yield production of red rice when grown with the three rice cultivars. The Stgstraw red rice seed yield was reduced when grown with 50 kg ha−1rice when compared with its yield in monoculture and was reduced further when grown with 100 and 150 kg ha−1rice. These results demonstrate that red rice was more competitive when compared with the tropicaljaponicaKaybonnet than theindicaPI 312777. Despite its semidwarf stature, PI 312777 tended to suppress red rice more than did Guichao or Kaybonnet. The mechanisms responsible for this difference could be important keys to the effective use of weed-suppressive cultivars in reduced herbicide input systems.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Drill-Seeded Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Diarra ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Culm Density ◽  
High Yields

Field experiments were conducted to investigate methods of controlling red rice (Oryza sativaL. ♯ ORYSA) in drill-seeded rice (O. sativa). Treatments included the rice cultivar ‘Mars', coated with calcium peroxide (CaO2) at 40% (w/w) and a crop protectant, R-33865 (O,O-diethyl-O-phenyl phosphorothioate) at 0.5 and 1% (v/w). Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) at 6.7 kg ai/ha was applied preplant incorporated (ppi). The land was flooded (2.5 to 5 cm deep) after seeding with rice (100 kg/ha, 2.5 cm deep), and the water was maintained throughout the growing season. CaO2, with or without molinate, increased rice grain yield 50% and increased rice culm density fivefold above untreated rice. Molinate applied ppi controlled 96% of the red rice. Rice seed coated with only CaO2or with CaO2plus R-33865 at 0.5%, each combined with ppi molinate, produced 5690 and 6030 kg/ha of grain, respectively. These high yields were associated with red rice control by molinate and good stands of rice provided by O2supplied by CaO2. R-33865 applied to rice seed at 1% (v/w) injured rice by reducing rice culm densities 41%, compared with rice without protectant.

Rice and red rice interference. II. Rice response to population densities of three red rice (Oryza sativa) ecotypes

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo E. Estorninos ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
Marilyn R. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Tiller Density

Red rice, which grows taller and produces more tillers than domestic rice and shatters most of its seeds early, is a major weed in many rice-growing areas of the world. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of the Kaybonnet (KBNT) rice cultivar to various population densities of three red rice ecotypes. The ecotypes tested were Louisiana3 (LA3), Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw), and Katy red rice (KatyRR). Compared with KBNT alone, LA3, the tallest of the three red rice ecotypes, reduced tiller density of KBNT 51%, aboveground biomass at 91 d after emergence (DAE) 35%, and yield 80%. Stgstraw, a medium-height red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 49%, aboveground biomass 26%, and yield 61%. KatyRR, the shortest red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 30%, aboveground biomass 16%, and yield 21%. Tiller density of rice was reduced by 20 to 48% when red rice density increased from 25 to 51 plants m−2. Rice biomass at 91 DAE was reduced by 9 and 44% when red rice densities were 16 and 51 plants m−2. Rice yield was reduced by 60 and 70% at red rice densities of 25 and 51 plants m−2, respectively. These results demonstrate that low populations of red rice can greatly reduce rice growth and yield and that short-statured red rice types may affect rice growth less than taller ecotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and seed yield of French bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-772
Author(s):  
SS Kakon ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
Q Naher ◽  
Md DH Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production

Field experiments were conducted during rabi (winter) seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, dry matter production and yield of French bean. A randomized complete block design was followed with 10 combinations of N (0,50, 100, 150 and 200) and P (0,22, 33, 44 and 55) kg ha-1 along with a blanket dose of control. All the treatments showed the maximum leaf area index (LAI) at 65 days after sowing (DAS). All the treatments showed the maximum total dry matter production, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate at harvest and at 55-65 DAS, respectively in both the years. LAI, dry matter production, CGR, NAR and seed yield significantly increased with the increase in nitrogen and phosphorus level upto 150 kg N and 44 P kg ha-1 , respectively. Similar trend was followed in maximum number of pods (9.45) and seed yield (1563.33 kg ha-1). The treatment comprises with 150 kg N and 44 P Kg ha-1 gave the highest seed yield which was 51.40 and 54.30 % higher than control plots.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 759-772, December 2016

scholarly journals Influence of sulphur on morpho-physiological and yield parameters of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdousi Begum ◽  
Feroza Hossain ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes

Field experiments were conducted at the Central Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur during the period from November to February in 2004-05 and 2005-06 to evaluate the effect of different levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) on rapeseed variety BARI Sarisha-15. Results showed that the most of the growth parameters and yield attributes were significantly influenced by different doses of sulphur. The growth parameters, yield and yield contributing characters were increased with the increasing levels of sulphur fertilizer up to 60 kg S/ha and with the doses beyond that were found to decrease. All growth parameters like plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate and all yield components, such as number of siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant were found maximum from the treatment with 60 kg S/ha, which was at par with 80 kg S/ha. The highest seed yield (1990 and 1896 kg/ha) were found when S was used @ 60 kg/ha. The same treatment gave 24.71 % and 24.32 % higher seed yield than the control treatment, which were statistically identical with dose at 80 kg /ha of sulphur in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14389 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 645-652, December 2012

Rice yield and quality as affected by cultivar and red rice (Oryza sativa) density

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian V. Ottis ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The University ◽  
Extension Center

Previous research has examined the extent to which red rice affects both yield and grain quality of cultivated rice. However, this research was conducted over 15 yr ago. Modern long-grain rice cultivars have the potential to produce yields above 10,000 kg ha−1; however, it is unknown whether modern rice cultivars sacrifice competitiveness to achieve higher yields, or if, in fact, they are more competitive. Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 at the Southeast Research and Extension Center near Rohwer, AR, and at the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff Research Farm near Lonoke, AR, to investigate the effect of red rice density on interference between red rice and five rice cultivars (‘CL161’, ‘Cocodrie’, ‘LaGrue’, ‘Lemont’, and ‘XL8’). White rice yield reductions were between 100 and 755 kg ha−1for every red rice plant m−2. The hybrid rice, XL8, had higher yields than the conventional cultivars. Red rice contamination in milling samples increased linearly as a function of red rice density at Lonoke and Rohwer in 2003. Dockage for each cultivar was calculated on the basis of the relationship between red rice density and red rice contamination. Semidwarf Lemont was the most contaminated and hybrid XL8 the least contaminated by the various densities of red rice.

Interference of Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Densities in Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam L. Kwon ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Rice Yields

Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR, from 1986 to 1988 to determine effects of season-long interference of red rice densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 plants m–2on ‘Lemont’ and ‘Newbonnet’ rice cultivars. This interference reduced straw dry weights of Newbonnet and Lemont by 100 and 130 kg ha–1per red rice plant, and grain yields by 178 and 272 kg ha–1per red rice plant, respectively. Grain yield reductions were due to decreases in panicle number and length, and in number of grains per panicle. Ten plants m–2or more reduced height of Lemont, while 40 plants m−2were required to reduce height of Newbonnet. Red rice at 10 plants m−2or more reduced total milled and head rice yields of Lemont, but red rice did not affect these components for Newbonnet. Red rice interfered with rice, even at densities as low as two plants m−2, and interference was greater in Lemont, a semidwarf cultivar with mature plants 92 cm tall, than in Newbonnet, a conventional cultivar with mature plants 115 cm tall. Red rice produced more panicles m−2and 31 to 64% greater straw dry weight when grown with Lemont than when grown with Newbonnet because red rice shaded Lemont more than Newbonnet. Red rice plants grew taller as red rice densities increased and also were taller when grown in Newbonnet than when grown in Lemont.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Shivrain ◽  
Nilda R. Burgos ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Extension Center

Cultivated rice yield losses due to red rice infestation vary by cultivar, red rice density, and duration of interference. The competition effects of red rice could be influenced further by emergence characteristics, red rice biotype, and planting time of cultivated rice. We aimed to characterize the emergence of red rice biotypes at different planting dates and evaluate the effect of red rice biotype, rice cultivar, and planting date on cultivated rice yield loss. Field experiments were conducted at the Southeast Research and Extension Center, Rohwer, AR, and at the Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR, in the summer of 2005 and 2006. The experimental design was a split-split plot with three or four replications. Planting time, ClearfieldTM(CL) rice cultivar, and red rice biotype were the main plot, subplot, and sub-subplot factors, respectively. There were three planting times from mid-April to mid-May at 2-wk intervals. CL rice cultivars, CL161 and hybrid CLXL8, and 12 red rice biotypes were planted. The emergence rate and coefficient of uniformity of germination differed among some red rice biotypes within a planting time. Planting date affected the emergence characteristics of red rice biotypes. The mean emergence rate of red rice was 0.043 d−1in the mid-April planting and 0.058 d−1in the late April planting. For the mid-April planting, 50% of red rice biotypes emerged in 20 ± 2 d compared with 15 ± 2 d for CL rice cultivars. Yield losses due to red rice biotypes generally increased in later planting dates, up to 49%. Yield losses due to interference from red rice biotypes ranged from 14 to 45% and 6 to 35% in CL161 and CLXL8, respectively. Cultivated rice became less competitive with red rice in later plantings, resulting in higher yield losses.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral -Biofertilizer on Physiological Parameters and Yield of Three Varieties of Oat (Avena sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 8-25
Author(s):  
Lamiaa M. Al-Freeh ◽  
Sundus A. Alabdulla ◽  
Kadhim H. Huthily
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Area Index

To study the effect of biofertilizers on physiological parameters and yield  of three varieties of Oat (Avena sativa L.), field experiments were conducted during winter seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Al- Zubair district (20 km. West of Basrah province) in sandy loam soils. A split plot arrangement, using RCBD with three replicates, the main plots contained varieties: V1 (Genzania), V2 (Shaffaa),  V3  (Carloup), Biofertilizer, treatments were at the sub plots: B0 (control), B1 (NPK mineral fertilizer as recommended), B2 (biofertilizers NPK), B3 (mineral fertilizer PK+ biofertilizers N), B4 (mineral fertilizer K+ biofertilizers NP), B5 (mineral fertilizer P + biofertilizers NK), B6 (mineral fertilizer N + biofertilizers PK). Data were collected on Flag leaf area FLA, Leaf area duration LAD, Leaf area index LAI, Crop growth rate CGR, Relative growth rate RGR, Net assimilation rate NAR, Plant high Tillers number m2 and grain yield t ha-1. The results showed that the adding of biofertilizers NPK (B2) led to a significant increase in the studied traits (FLA, LAD, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, and grain yield). The grain yield were increased about 189.96 and 197.3% as compared with control in each seasons respectively. Cultivar Genzania resulted in highest grain yield among studied varieties in the first season (5.774 t ha-1), while cultivar Shaffa  gave the highest grain yield in the second season (8.691 t ha-1). The interaction between Ganzania and B2 treatment recorded the highest seed yield (8.429 tan ha-1) in the first season. While, in the second season all varieties that interacted with B2 treatment produced the highest seed yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Gibberellic Acid Application after Anthesis on Seed Vigor of Indica Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Huabin Zheng ◽  
Qiyuan Tang ◽  
Wenwei Mo ◽  
Junjie Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Indica Hybrid Rice

Gibberellic acid (GA3) application after anthesis is an important practice in hybrid rice seed production, and it plays diverse roles in seed quality and seed yield. The main objective of this study was to determine (1) the effects of GA3 application after anthesis on seed vigor and (2) the optimal GA3 dosage applied to Indica hybrid rice seed production. Field experiments of different GA3 dosages (15 g hm−2 and 30 g hm−2, respectively) after anthesis were conducted in 2016 and 2017, and seed vigor parameters, stigma vigor index, and seed yield were determined. We found that significant differences in seed vigor parameters by a standard germination test and a cool germination test were observed among different GA3 dosages after anthesis. Compared with the water spraying treatment, the germination percentage (GP) increased by 2.5–6.3%, and the vigor index (VI) increased by 8.9–19.8% from GA3 application after anthesis, respectively. Moreover, the stigma vigor index of the female parent was enhanced with an increasing GA3 dosage, and there were significant increases (7.5–16.0%) between the water spraying treatment and GA3 spraying treatments. There were positive significant relationships between the VI and stigma vigor index. Additionally, the seed yield of the GA3 application with 30 g hm−2 was 3.9% higher on average than that of the water spraying treatment. Therefore, our study suggests that seed vigor can be increased by GA3 application after anthesis, and GA3 application should be applied at a rate of 30 g hm−2 to improve seed vigor and maintain seed yield in Indica hybrid rice seed production.

Plant growth and seed yield of sorghum when intercropped with legumes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
R. De
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
North India ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYField experiments made for 2 years under semi-arid unirrigated conditions of north India examined the physiological factors affecting the growth and yield of sorghum when intercropped with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), mung (Vigna radiata) or cow pea (V. unguiculata). Dry-matter production and leaf area index of sorghum were increased when intercropped with any of the legumes. The mixture advantage was reflected in delaying the senescence of sorghum leaves. Maximum grain and stover yields of sorghum were obtained in a mixture with mung or cow pea. The higher seed yield resulted from more seeds per panicle and greater panicle and 1000-grain weight.

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