Reduced Glyphosate Translocation in Two Glyphosate-Resistant Populations of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) from Fence Lines in South Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Adu-Yeboah ◽  
Jenna M. Malone ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Fence Line

Populations of rigid ryegrass with resistance to glyphosate have started to become a problem on fence lines of cropping fields of southern Australian farms. Seed of rigid ryegrass plants that survived glyphosate application were collected from two fence line locations in Clare, South Australia. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance of these fence line populations to glyphosate. Both populations required 9- to 15-fold higher glyphosate dose to achieve 50% mortality in comparison to a standard susceptible population. The mechanism of resistance in these populations was investigated. Sequencing a conserved region of the gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase identified no differences between the resistant and susceptible populations. Absorption of glyphosate into leaves of the resistant populations was not different from the susceptible population. However, the resistant plants retained significantly more herbicide in the treated leaf blades than did the susceptible plants. Conversely, susceptible plants translocated significantly more herbicide to the leaf sheaths and untreated leaves than the resistant plants. The differences in translocation pattern for glyphosate between the resistant and susceptible populations of rigid ryegrass suggest resistance is associated with altered translocation of glyphosate in the fence line populations.

Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Powles ◽  
Debrah F. Lorraine-Colwill ◽  
James J. Dellow ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Grass Weed

Following 15 yr of successful use, glyphosate failed to control a population of the widespread grass weed rigid ryegrass in Australia. This population proved to be resistant to glyphosate in pot dose-response experiments conducted outdoors, exhibiting 7- to 11-fold resistance when compared to a susceptible population. Some cross-resistance to diclofop-methyl (about 2.5-fold) was also observed. Similar levels of control of the resistant and susceptible populations were obtained following application of amitrole, chlorsulfuron, fluazifop-P-butyl, paraquat, sethoxydim, sirnazine, or tralkoxydim. The presence of glyphosate resistance in a major weed species indicates a need for changes in glyphosate use patterns.

scholarly journals Resistance to Multiple PRE Herbicides in a Field-evolved Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Population

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Brunton ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations

AbstractA population of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidumGaudin) from a field on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, was suspected of resistance to thiocarbamate herbicides. Dose–response studies were conducted on this population (EP162) and two susceptible populations (SLR4 and VLR1). The resistant population exhibited cross-resistance to triallate, prosulfocarb, EPTC, and thiobencarb with higher LD50to triallate (14.9-fold), prosulfocarb (9.4-fold), EPTC (9.7-fold), and thiobencarb (13.6-fold) compared with the susceptible populations SLR4 and VLR1. The resistant population also displayed resistance to trifluralin, pyroxasulfone, and propyzamide. The LD50of the resistant population was higher for trifluralin (13.8-fold), pyroxasulfone (8.1-fold), and propyzamide (2.7-fold) compared with the susceptible populations. This study documents the first case of field-evolved resistance to thiocarbamate herbicides inL. rigidum.

Frost Reduces Clethodim Efficacy in Clethodim-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Populations

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur Saini ◽  
Jenna Malone ◽  
Christopher Preston ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

Rigid ryegrass, an important annual weed species in cropping regions of southern Australia, has evolved resistance to 11 major groups of herbicides. Dose–response studies were conducted to determine response of three clethodim-resistant populations and one clethodim-susceptible population of rigid ryegrass to three different frost treatments (−2 C). Clethodim-resistant and -susceptible plants were exposed to frost in a frost chamber from 4:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M. for three nights before or after clethodim application and were compared with plants not exposed to frost. A reduction in the level of clethodim efficacy was observed in resistant populations when plants were exposed to frost for three nights before or after clethodim application. In the highly resistant populations, the survival percentage and LD50were higher when plants were exposed to frost before clethodim application compared with frost after clethodim application. However, frost treatment did not influence clethodim efficacy of the susceptible population. Sequencing of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) gene of the three resistant populations identified three known mutations at positions 1781, 2041, and 2078. However, most individuals in the highly resistant populations did not contain any known mutation in ACCase, suggesting the resistance mechanism was a nontarget site. The effect of frost on clethodim efficacy in resistant plants may be an outcome of the interaction between frost and the clethodim resistance mechanism(s) present.

scholarly journals Identification of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum Gaudin

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Pavlovic ◽  
Charlie Reinhardt ◽  
Igor Elezovic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Difference ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Two Populations

Glyphosate resistance was found in Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Rigid ryegrass, LOLRI) in South Africa. Suspected glyphosate-resistant L. rigidum populations were collected and grown under greenhouse conditions. The plants were sprayed with a range of doses of glyphosate 35 days after planting and shoot dry biomass was determined 17 days after herbicide treatment. Based on the dose-response experiment conducted in the greenhouse, one population of L. rigidum suspected to be resistant to glyphosate was approximately 5.3 fold more resistant than susceptible population. The other population was 2.8 fold more resistant than susceptible population. Difference between the two suspected resistant populations was 1.9 fold. All plants were treated with glyphosate (1000 g a.i. ha-1) and shikimic acid was extracted 2, 4 and 6 days after treatment. The plants of susceptible populations accumulated more shikimic acid than other two populations.

Control of thiocarbamate-resistant rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat in southern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
David J. Brunton ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted during 2018 at Paskeville and Arthurton, South Australia, to identify effective herbicide options for the control of thiocarbamate-resistant rigid ryegrass in wheat. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance in both field populations (T1 and A18) of rigid ryegrass to triallate, prosulfocarb, trifluralin, and pyroxasulfone. T1 and A18 were 17.9- and 20-fold more resistant to triallate than susceptible SLR4. The level of resistance detected in T1 to prosulfocarb (5.9-fold) and pyroxasulfone (4-fold) was lower compared to A18, which displayed 12.1- and 7.8-fold resistance to both herbicides, respectively. Despite resistance, the mixture of two different preplant-incorporated (PPI) site-of-action herbicides improved rigid ryegrass control and wheat yield compared to a single PPI herbicide only. Prosulfocarb + triallate and prosulfocarb + S-metolachlor + triallate did not reduce rigid ryegrass seed set when compared to prosulfocarb applied alone at the higher rate (2,400 g ai ha–1). Pyroxasulfone + triallate PPI followed by glyphosate (1,880 g ai ha-1) as a weed seed set control treatment reduced rigid ryegrass seed production by 93% and 95% at both sites, respectively. These herbicides also significantly improved grain yield of wheat at Paskeville (22%) and Arthurton (38%) compared to the untreated.

Use of alternative herbicide mixtures to manage glyphosate-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. along crop margins in South Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Adu-Yeboah ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Peter Hooper ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Fence Line

The repeated use of glyphosate to control annual ryegrass along fence lines and crop margins has resulted in the evolution of resistance to this herbicide in populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in cropping regions of Australia. Field trials were conducted between 2009 and 2011 at four fence-line sites in South Australia to identify suitable herbicide treatments for controlling glyphosate-resistant annual ryegrass. Annual ryegrass populations growing at all four sites were found to have 12–24-fold resistance to glyphosate compared with a standard susceptible population in dose-response experiments. Glyphosate alone (1080 g ha–1) did not effectively control glyphosate-resistant annual ryegrass at any location. Single applications of paraquat + diquat and paraquat + amitrole were effective where weed populations were low, with up to 99% reduction in seed-head production. Mixtures of paraquat + diquat + diuron, glufosinate ammonium + diuron and two applications of paraquat + diquat 14 days apart consistently provided high levels of control of glyphosate-resistant annual ryegrass at all locations, with >90% reduction in seed-head production. In 2011, glyphosate resistant individuals of annual ryegrass were identified up to 50 m inside the fields adjacent to the fence. Therefore, failure to control glyphosate-resistant annual ryegrass along crop margins risks movement of resistance into adjacent cropped fields.

DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Berton Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

A Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population Resistant to 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Bernards ◽  
Roberto J. Crespo ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Roch Gaussoin ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Dose Response Study

A waterhemp population from a native-grass seed production field in Nebraska was no longer effectively controlled by 2,4-D. Seed was collected from the site, and dose-response studies were conducted to determine if this population was herbicide resistant. In the greenhouse, plants from the putative resistant and a susceptible waterhemp population were treated with 0, 18, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, 1,120, or 2,240 g ae ha−12,4-D. Visual injury estimates (I) were made 28 d after treatment (DAT), and plants were harvested and dry weights (GR) measured. The putative resistant population was approximately 10-fold more resistant to 2,4-D (R:S ratio) than the susceptible population based on both I50(50% visual injury) and GR50(50% reduction in dry weight) values. The R:S ratio increased to 19 and 111 as the data were extrapolated to I90and GR90estimates, respectively. GR50doses of 995 g ha−1for the resistant and 109 g ha−1for the susceptible populations were estimated. A field dose-response study was conducted at the suspected resistant site with 2,4-D doses of 0, 140, 280, 560, 1,120, 2,240, 4,480, 8,960, 17,920, and 35,840 g ha−1. At 28 DAT, visual injury estimates were 44% in plots treated with 35,840 g ha−1. Some plants treated with the highest rate recovered and produced seed. Plants from the resistant and susceptible populations were also treated with 0, 9, 18, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, or 1,120 g ae ha−1dicamba in greenhouse bioassays. The 2,4-D resistant population was threefold less sensitive to dicamba based on I50estimates but less than twofold less sensitive based on GR50estimates. The synthetic auxins are the sixth mechanism-of-action herbicide group to which waterhemp has evolved resistance.

Herbicide Application Strategies for the Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Wide-Row Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in Southern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. L. Kleemann ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

Two field experiments were undertaken at Roseworthy, South Australia from 2006 to 2007 to evaluate the performance of herbicide application strategies for the control of herbicide-resistant rigid ryegrass in faba bean grown in wide rows (WR). The standard farmer practice of applying postsowing PRE (PSPE) simazine followed by POST clethodim to faba bean grown in WR provided consistent and high levels of rigid ryegrass control (≥ 96%) and caused a large reduction (P < 0.05) in spike production (≤ 20 spikes m−2) as compared with nontreated control (560 to 722 spikes m−2). Furthermore, this herbicide combination resulted in greatest yield benefits for WR faba bean (723 to 1,046 kg ha−1). Although PSPE propyzamide used in combination with shielded interrow applications of glyphosate or paraquat provided high levels of rigid ryegrass control (≥ 93%), these treatments were unable to reduce ryegrass spike density within the crop row (20 to 54 spikes m−2) to levels acceptable for continued cropping. Furthermore, a yield reduction (13 to 29%) was observed for faba bean in treatments with shielded application of nonselective herbicides and could be related to spray drift onto lower leaves. These findings highlight that shielded interrow spraying in WR faba bean could play an important role in the management of rigid ryegrass in southern Australia. However, timing of shielded interrow applications on weed control, crop safety, and issues concerning integration with more effective early-season control strategies require attention.

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