Potato Variety Tolerance to Flumioxazin and Sulfentrazone

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Corey V. Ransom ◽  
Dennis J. Tonks ◽  
Brent R. Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Early Injury ◽  
Russet Burbank Tuber ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Significant Injury

Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen, ID; Ontario, OR; and Paterson, WA, to evaluate potato tolerance to flumioxazin and sulfentrazone. In ‘Russet Burbank’ tolerance trials conducted in 2000 at ID, OR, and WA, sulfentrazone applied preemergence (PRE) at rates ranging from 105 to 280 g ai/ha caused significant injury consisting of stunting, leaf discoloration-blackening, and/or leaf malformation-crinkling at 4 wk after treatment (WAT). By 12 WAT, injury was ≤5%. At 4 WAT, flumioxazin applied PRE at 105 and 140 g ai/ha resulted in injury, whereas 53 g ai/ha did not cause significant injury. At 12 WAT, no visual injury was present at the ID site, whereas flumioxazin at 140 g/ha was still causing injury in WA. Regardless of initial injury, Russet Burbank tuber yields at ID, OR, and WA were not reduced as a result of any flumioxazin or sulfentrazone treatment compared with the nontreated controls. In potato variety tolerance trials conducted at ID in 2000 and at WA in 2002 with Russet Burbank, ‘Ranger Russet’, ‘Russet Norkotah’, and ‘Shepody’ and at ID in 2002 with those varieties plus ‘Alturas’ and ‘Bannock Russet’, early season injury caused by flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied PRE at rates as high as 210 g ai/ha or 280 g/ha, respectively, occurred, but variety tuber yields were not reduced compared with nontreated control yields. In contrast, at ID in 2001, early injury caused by flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied PRE at 105 or 210 g/ha translated to tuber yield reductions of all six varieties tested compared with the nontreated controls. At WA in 2001, Ranger Russet tuber yields were reduced by PRE applications of flumioxazin at 53 to 140 g/ha or sulfentrazone at 105 to 280 g/ha, and Shepody total tuber yields were reduced by all rates of PRE-applied sulfentrazone. Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah tuber yields were unaffected by either herbicide. Unusual heat stress occurring early in the 2001 growing season at both locations may have compounded the effects of herbicide injury and, consequently, tuber yields were reduced in 2001, whereas injury occurring in 2000 or 2002 during relatively normal growing conditions did not translate to yield reductions.

Vine desiccation characteristics and influence of time and method of top kill on yields and quality of four cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Vine Desiccation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Potato crops are typically flailed or chemically desiccated several weeks prior to harvest to promote tuber maturity and facilitate harvest operations. This study evaluated how yields and processing quality of several potato cultivars responded to mechanical top kill versus desiccation with diquat at four different treatment dates. The influences of year and cultivar on the rate and extent of vine desiccation were also evaluated in the chemically desiccated crop. The cultivar Ranger Russet was slower to desiccate than Russet Burbank, Shepody or Russet Norkotah, likely because of its larger canopy. Averaged over 3 yr and four treatment dates, flailing reduced yields of the four cultivars tested by an average of 4% relative to chemical desiccation of the tops. The yield difference between flailed and chemically desiccated crops increased if conditions after application of the desiccant favored a gradual die down of the canopy. Specific gravities of the chemically desiccated treatments were equal to or higher than treatments killed by flailing. Fry colors were not influenced by either the method or timing of top kill. Although chemical desiccation enhanced yields relative to a crop flailed at the same time, the dry down period required for the chemically treated crop was at least 3 wk in this study. By contrast, crops killed by flailing are ready for harvest immediately, as long as skin set is not critical. Early in the season, if flailing allowed top kill of Russet Burbank to be delayed by as little as a week, the result was a 9% yield gain. As growing conditions became less favorable later in the season, there was little potential for yield gain by opting to flail instead of using the chemical desiccant. Key words: Diquat, flailing, Russet Burbank, Shepody, Ranger Russet, Russet Norkotah

scholarly journals Responses of Aphid Vectors of Potato leaf roll virus to Potato Varieties

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaonpius Mondal ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Pamela J.S. Hutchinson ◽  
Jonathan L. Whitworth ◽  
Deepak Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) can reduce tuber yield and quality in potato. Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae [Thomas]) are the two most important potato-colonizing PLRV vectors in the Pacific Northwest. We compared My. persicae and Ma. euphorbiae densities and PLRV incidences among potato varieties in the field to clarify the relationships between aphid abundance and PLRV incidence in plants. Aphids were sampled weekly over three years in the potato varieties Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Russet Norkotah in a replicated field trial. In all years, My. persicae was more abundant than Ma. euphorbiae, representing at least 97% of samples. My. persicae densities did not differ among potato varieties across years; very low numbers of Ma. euphorbiae precluded such statistical comparisons for this species. PLRV infection did not differ significantly among potato varieties, although the percent of PLRV-infected plants differed among years when all varieties were combined (46% in 2013, 29% in 2011, 13% in 2012). For Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah, PLRV incidence was positively correlated with aphid abundance as well as proportion of PLRV-positive aphids. In Russet Burbank, only aphid abundance was positively correlated with PLRV infection. Our results suggest that the three most commonly grown potato varieties in our region do not differ in their susceptibility to PLRV infection, and that aphid density was a consistent indicator of the risk of infection by this virus across varieties. Both of these findings can be used to hone PLRV monitoring and modeling efforts.

‘Russet Burbank’ Potato Tolerance to Dimethenamid-p

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
Corey V. Ransom ◽  
Dennis J. Tonks ◽  
Charlotte V. Eberlein
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Russet Burbank Potato ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Initial Injury

‘Russet Burbank’ potato tolerance to dimethenamid-p applied preemergence at 0.7, 1.4, or 2.9 kg ai/ha was assessed in field studies conducted at Aberdeen, ID and Ontario, OR. Although crop injury was evident approximately 2 wk after treatment, most injury had diminished by row closure 2- to 3-wk later. Initial injury did not translate to yield loss and U.S. No. 1 and total tuber yields in dimethenamid-p–treated plots were similar to yields in the untreated, weed-free control.

Effect of Potato virus Y on Yield of Three Potato Cultivars Grown Under Different Nitrogen Levels

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Whitworth ◽  
Phil Nolte ◽  
Chris McIntosh ◽  
Robert Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Significant Yield

Previous studies have shown that Potato virus Y (PVY) reduces yield in many cultivars. Typical foliar symptoms can include veinal necrosis, leaf drop, and a mosaic pattern sometimes accompanied by leaf roughness. Infection by PVY in Russet Burbank produces identifiable PVY symptoms, whereas cv. Russet Norkotah expresses mild, almost latent symptoms. Yield also is influenced by nitrogen fertilizer levels. This research was conducted to determine whether increased nitrogen mitigates yield reduction caused by PVY. Russet Norkotah, CO80011-5, and Russet Burbank were used in replicated plots of non-PVY-infected and PVY-infected plants at three nitrogen levels in 1995 and 1996. There was a significant yield reduction between PVY-negative and PVY-positive plots in all cultivars, at most nitrogen levels. PVY yield reduction was similar (approximately 38%) in the mild symptom expression clones of Russet Norkotah and CO80011-5, whereas the yield reduction in Russet Burbank, which exhibits typical symptom expression, was 63.5%. We conclude that increased nitrogen can influence total yield, but does not significantly mitigate the yield reduction due to PVY infection.

Hairy Nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) Competition with Two Potato Varieties

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
Brent R. Beutler ◽  
JaNan Farr
Keyword(s):  
Potato Plant ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Extension Center

Greenhouse and field trials were conducted at the Aberdeen Research and Extension Center to determine the effect of hairy nightshade competition on two potato varieties with different growth habits. Greenhouse replacement trials included treatments of three plants total in each pot with potato : hairy nightshade ratios of 3 : 0, 2 : 1, 1 : 2, or 0 : 3. Varieties tested were ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Russet Norkotah’. Greenhouse-grown hairy nightshade (cotyledon to one-leaf stage) were transplanted into pots earlier than or at the same time as potato plant emergence. As the number of Russet Burbank plants per pot decreased, potato plant biomass dry weight (average per plant) increased, regardless of hairy nightshade number or transplant time. When hairy nightshade were transplanted before Russet Norkotah emergence, potato plant biomass dry weight per plant was similar, regardless of potato : nightshade ratio. Field trials were conducted with Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah in 2004 and 2005. At potato emergence, greenhouse-grown hairy nightshade plants (one- to two-leaf) were transplanted in between potato rows at densities of 0, 1, 2, or 3 plants m−1row, and solid-seeded at approximately 100 plants m−1row. Hairy nightshade biomass, stem and berry number, and seeds per berry were reduced by competition from Russet Burbank due to the amount and duration of shading, as compared with Russet Norkotah. Russet Burbank U.S. No. 1 and total tuber yields in plots with 1 hairy nightshade plant m−1row were similar to weed-free control yields, whereas yields in plots with 2, 3, or 100 m−1row were reduced in comparison. In contrast, Russet Norkotah yields were reduced when only 1 hairy nightshade plant m−1row was present. Overall, Russet Norkotah were less competitive with hairy nightshade than Russet Burbank in both the greenhouse replacement and field trials.

Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) I. Effects of lime and phosphorus on cv. Russet Burbank

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
AA Salardini ◽  
AC Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Cd Availability

Field experiments were conducted at three sites on basaltic krasnozems to examine cadmium (Cd) responses of Russet Burbank potatoes to different rates of broadcast lime and banded phosphorus (P). Double superphosphate (DSP, containing 15 and 90 mg Cd kg-1) and triple superphosphate (TSP, 12 mg Cd kg-1)) were the sources of P. In a fourth experiment, lime was banded with the basal fertilizer. Despite producing a range of topsoil pH (1:5 H20) of 5.2 to 7.1, broadcast lime had no effect on tuber Cd concentrations. Lime had no effect when banded with the basal fertilizer, and the practice did not adversely affect yields. With broadcast lime, Cd availability from the fertilizer band may have been unaffected. However, there were also no lime x P interactions at any site, suggesting that lime also had no effect on the availability of Cd in the soil. It is possible that Tasmanian krasnozems, with their high organic matter and iron oxide content, restrict the availability of Cd in the soil such that pH change exerts little net influence on Cd availability. Increasing amounts of Cd applied in P fertilizer increased tuber Cd concentrations significantly, but the increases were less per unit of P than those found previously when TSP with 151 mg Cd kg-1) was used.

Postemergence Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with CGA-152005

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Obermeier ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Growing Conditions

Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate broadleaf weed control in corn with the sulfonylurea herbicide CGA-152005, CGA-152005 was applied at 10 to 50 g ai/ha alone and in combination with 2,4-D, dicamba, or atrazine. No corn injury was observed either year. Metolachlor plus CGA-152005 controlled redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, and common cocklebur 95% or more in 1993 and 1994. Common lambsquarters and ivyleaf morningglory control was dependent on CGA-152005 rate, weed size at application, and growing conditions. In 1994, control of velvetleaf and ivyleaf morningglory with CGA-152005 at 10 or 20 g/ha was less when applied as a tank-mix with atrazine and dicamba compared with when it was applied alone, probably due to antagonism caused by the companion herbicide. Generally, corn yield was related to weed control.

Herbicide-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus) Response and Weed Control with Postemergence Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Paul L. Raymer ◽  
David C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
And Control ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Significant Injury

Field studies were conducted to evaluate weed control in herbicide-resistant canola in Georgia. The resistant canola cultivars and respective herbicides were ‘Pioneer 45A76’ and imazamox, ‘Hyola 357RR’ and glyphosate, and ‘2573 Invigor’ and glufosinate. Weed seed of Italian ryegrass and wild radish were sown simultaneously in October with canola and control of these species was evaluated along with other naturally occurring weeds. Herbicide treatments for the respective herbicide-resistant canola cultivar were imazamox at 0.035 and 0.071 kg ai/ha, glyphosate at 0.84 and 1.64 kg ae/ha, and glufosinate at 0.5 and 1.0 kg ai/ha. Herbicides were applied at one– two-leaf (LF) and three–four-LF canola stages. There was no significant injury to any canola cultivar as a result of herbicide rate or timing of application. By midseason (February), imazamox effectively controlled wild radish, henbit, and shepherd's-purse at both rates and at both timings. When applied to three–four-LF canola, the higher rates of glyphosate and glufosinate were required to provide 75% or greater control of Italian ryegrass, wild garlic, and henbit. Glufosinate did not adequately control wild radish at either rate or application timing. Greenhouse experiments provided similar results.

scholarly journals Fungicide Spray Programs for Defender, A New Potato Cultivar with Resistance to Late Blight and Early Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Stevenson ◽  
R. V. James ◽  
Debra Ann Inglis ◽  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
R. Thomas Schotzko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Progress Curve

Defender (A90586-11) is a new late blight-resistant potato cultivar which was released from the Tri-State Potato Variety Development Program in 2004. Conventional and reduced fungicide spray programs were compared on Defender and Russet Burbank (3 years) and Ranger Russet (1 year) in Wisconsin experimental field trials. Useful levels of field resistance to both late blight and early blight were observed in Defender in the absence of fungicide sprays and reduced fungicide input programs. Disease progressed slowest on Defender regardless of fungicide program, relative to Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Organic, conventional, and reduced fungicide spray programs also were compared on Defender and Russet Burbank in experimental greenhouse and field tests in Washington. Fungicide spray programs performed similarly on both Defender and Russet Burbank; however, area under the disease progress curve values for no-fungicide treatments were either three times (greenhouse) or six times (field) lower on Defender compared with Russet Burbank. Regardless of the fungicide program, total yield was higher for Defender than Russet Burbank. Mean economic returns associated with Defender also were higher than for Russet Burbank ($6,196 versus $4,388/ha). Fungicide and nonfungicide treatment programs generated similar returns on Defender whereas conventional and reduced fungicide programs generated comparable but higher returns than the nonfungicide program on Russet Burbank.

Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Low Rates of Glyphosate and Glufosinate

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Davis ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
The University ◽  
Significant Injury

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff farm near Lonoke to evaluate and compare the effects of low rates of glufosinate and glyphosate on rice. Two rice cultivars were seeded, and glyphosate and glufosinate were applied at 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 of the labeled use rate of 870 g ae ha−1and 616 g ai ha−1, respectively, at the three- to four-leaf, panicle initiation (PI), and boot stages. Rice canopy height reductions, reduction in flag leaf length, prolonged maturity, and yield losses were caused by both herbicides at all evaluated application timings. Although both herbicides caused significant injury, symptoms varied greatly between the two herbicides. Glufosinate injury to rice was more rapid and visually intense than with glyphosate. Glufosinate symptoms, which consisted of rapid necrosis, were visible in 1 to 2 d, whereas glyphosate symptoms, stunting and chlorosis, became visible after 7 to 10 d or not at all depending on time of application. Glyphosate applied at the 1/2× rate to rice in the boot growth stage caused less than 10% injury at 3 wk after treatment but resulted in 80% yield loss. Glufosinate at boot caused 80% injury and 80% yield loss. Glyphosate symptoms from PI and boot timings were typically only visible at heading and included malformed panicles and shortened flag leaves. Harvested grain seed weights were reduced as much as 14% by either herbicide applied at PI and boot. Germination of harvested grain was not affected by any treatment. At the rates evaluated in this research, glufosinate-induced injury to rice can be just as detrimental as glyphosate in reducing yield.

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