Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Using Coffee Seed Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity

The discovery of reliable and green processes for metal oxide nanoparticles synthesis is particularly crucial and exhibits huge potential in various applications. Thus, in this paper, a fast, single step and environmental-friendly method to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NPs) by bio-reduction of iron salts Fe2+ and Fe3+ under the presence of coffee seeds (CS) aqueous extract was demonstrated. The characteristics of the synthesised Fe2O3-NPs were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry techniques. The XRD result revealed that the Fe2O3-NPs produced display highly crystalline property with a cubic structure and the average size of the resulted particle is ranging from 23.2 nm to 37.5 nm. Additionally, the energy band gap (Eg) calculated also showed that maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles was successfully synthesised by using CS extract. The resulted nanoparticles are highly feasible in the inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganism.

Effect of Arabica Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea arabica) as a Growth Inhibitor of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212

Arabica coffee seeds contain a composition of Caffeine, Chlorogenic acid, Flavonoids, and Trigonelline. The purpose of this study is to test the antibacterial of Arabica coffee seed extract against bacterium Enterococcus faecalis at concentrations of 1,5625%, 3,125%, 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50% and 100%. The extraction method using maceration with solvent 96%. Antibacterial activity test was done by using the Kirby and Bauer diffusion test method. The results showed that Arabica coffee seed extract could provide inhibition starting from 3,125% with an average diameter of inhibition zone of 1,16 mm to the largest concentration of 100% with an average zone diameter of inhibition of 14,6 mm. At the same time, the average diameter of the inhibitory zone of antibiotic ampicillin at a concentration of 1% as a control (+) is 24,6 mm. The results showed that the greater concentration, the greater the inhibitory zones are formed. Keywords: Coffea arabica, Enterococcus faecalis, antibacterial, inhibition zone

Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer).

H. hampei, otherwise known as the coffee berry borer, is the most serious pest of coffee in many of the major coffee-producing countries in the world. The scolytid beetle feeds on the cotyledons and has been known to attack 100% of berries in a heavy infestation. Crop losses can be very severe and coffee quality from damaged berries is poor. H. hampei has been transported around the world as a contaminant of coffee seed and very few coffee-producing countries are free from the borer. Its presence in Hawaii was confirmed in 2010 and Papua New Guinea and Nepal remain free of the pest: in Papua New Guinea an incursion prevention programme was mounted in 2007 (ACIAR, 2013) to reduce chances of invasion from Papua Province (Indonesia). There is no simple and cheap method of control of H. hampei.

Identification of gluten-like proteins in selected pod bearing leguminous tree seeds

The protein composition, molecular weight distribution, and rheological properties of honey locust, mesquite, Kentucky coffee tree, and carob seed germs were compared against wheat gluten. Polymeric and Osborne fractionation protocols were used to assess biochemical properties. Dynamic oscillatory shear tests were performed to evaluate protein functionality. All samples had similar ratios of protein fractions as well as high molecular weight disulfide linked proteins except for the Kentucky coffee tree germ proteins, which were found to have lower molecular weight proteins with little disulfide polymerization. Samples were rich in acidic and polar amino acids (glutamic acid and arginine,). Rheological analyses showed that vital wheat gluten had the most stable network, while Kentucky coffee seed proteins had the weakest. High molecular weight disulfide linked glutenous proteins are a common, but not universal feature of pod bearing leguminous trees.

Design of Measurement of Coffee Seed Water Content Using Load Cell Sensor On Coffee Dryer

The conventional method of drying coffee beans that depend on sunlight (drying) has a number of drawbacks, one of which is that the drying productivity takes a long time. In general, coffee drying is carried out until it reaches a moisture content of 12.5% to achieve a quality bean standard. Mathematically, the moisture content can be assessed by paying attention to the initial weight of the coffee beans and the final weight of the coffee beans. So that the use of the Load Cell sensor to read the depreciation value of the coffee bean weight on a coffee dryer powered by Hybrid Collector and LPG coffee beans. Research that has been carried out during 200 minutes of drying in a coffee dryer, the Load Cell sensor is able to read the depreciation value of the coffee bean weight by 114 grams from the initial weight of 978 grams. Therefore, it can be concluded that the final moisture content of coffee beans has reached 12.01% and the final weight of coffee beans is 864 grams.

Coffe Coffee Seed Waste silage technology as goat feed in Tigapanah Sub-district, Karo regency

Coffee is a plantation that produces waste in its processing such as coffee seed waste. Farmers do not know the nutritional content of coffee seed waste is the cause of the waste not being used as animal feed. Coffee bean waste has high water content and caffeine which reduces the cattle's palpability. The solution is to use coffee seed waste silage technology. The method used in community service programs is by approaching, interviewing, exploring problems, and finding solutions to problems. Learning methods using books on how to make silage, providing brochures, banners, and shows that interest farmers. Outputs of this community service program; 1) Increasing the community who use plantation waste as animal feed to reduce feed costs 2) Development of integrated business concepts between livestock and logging. 3) Increased knowledge and skills of farmers 4) Utilization of coffee bean skin waste can reduce environmental pollution. The results that have been obtained are based on observations of the indicators, namely an increase in the number of farmers utilizing coffee fruit husk waste as animal feed, increased knowledge of farmers, increased integrated business cooperation between livestock and plantations, and decreased pollution of environmental waste.