Evaluation of Maryland Backyard Flocks and Biosecurity Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Madsen ◽  
Nickolas G. Zimmermann ◽  
Jennifer Timmons ◽  
Nathaniel L. Tablante
Keyword(s):  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
Backyard Flocks

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Perception and Practice of Iranian Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Pastoralists in Regard to Biosecurity Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study

Ruminants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hatami ◽  
Richard A. Laven ◽  
Saeid Jafari-Gh. ◽  
Mahdi Moazez-Lesko ◽  
Pegah Soleimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Annual Mortality

Preventing the spread of diseases between and within farms (biosecurity) is essential for minimizing animal mortality and morbidity, as well as for reducing the risk of spread of zoonotic diseases. These effects are even greater in countries such as Iran, which have to deal with multiple ongoing epidemics of infectious disease. However, there is currently no published information about biosecurity practices on sheep and goat farms in Iran in published research. The aim of this study was to collect such information and to identify some of the factors affecting biosecurity practices. Data were gathered using a checklist and in-depth interviews with 99 nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists. Regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the collected variables and the biosecurity scores. The results showed that neither within- nor between-farm disease prevention measures were appropriately applied on most farms (median total score of total biosecurity was 37.3/90; Q1 = 29.0 and Q3 = 44.7). Almost all the farmers reported slaughtering animals on farms and nobody properly disposed of the bodies of the dead animals. Additionally, the majority of the participants did not disinfect the umbilical cords of newborns. Of the collected variables, the annual mortality rate was associated with most within-farm biosecurity practices. The increase in annual mortality rates was associated with the regular cleaning of troughs (p = 0.03), preventing feed and water from being contaminated by urine and feces (p = 0.02), providing a clean and dry place for animals to rest (p = 0.05) and disinfecting the navel cord (p = 0.03). The results of this survey suggest that there is a clear need for extension programs to enhance Iranian and sheep and goat farmers’ perceptions and practices regarding biosecurity measures.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Use on Irish Pig Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2828
Author(s):  
Lorcan O’Neill ◽  
Julia Adriana Calderón Díaz ◽  
Maria Rodrigues da Costa ◽  
Sinnead Oakes ◽  
Finola C. Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

The threat to public health posed by antimicrobial resistance in livestock production means that the pig sector is a particular focus for efforts to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU). This study sought to investigate the risk factors for AMU in Irish pig production. Antimicrobial use data were collected from 52 farrow-to-finish farms. The risk factors investigated were farm characteristics and performance, biosecurity practices, prevalence of pluck lesions at slaughter and serological status for four common respiratory pathogens and vaccination and prophylactic AMU practices. Linear regression models were used for quantitative AMU analysis and risk factors for specific AMU practices were investigated using logistic regression. Farms that milled their own feed had lower total AMU (p < 0.001), whereas higher finisher mortality (p = 0.043) and vaccinating for swine influenza (p < 0.001) increased AMU. Farms with higher prevalence of pericarditis (p = 0.037) and lung abscesses (p = 0.046) used more group treatments. Farms with higher prevalence of liver milk spot lesions (p = 0.018) and farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.03) had higher numbers of individual treatments. Farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.002) or sows (p = 0.062) had higher use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. This study identified prophylactic use and respiratory disease as the main drivers for AMU in Irish pig production. These findings highlight areas of farm management where interventions may aid in reducing AMU on Irish pig farms.

Cluster randomised trial of the impact of biosecurity measures on poultry health in backyard flocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Conan ◽  
Flavie Luce Goutard ◽  
Davun Holl ◽  
Sok Ra ◽  
Aurélia Ponsich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Backyard Flocks ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Decision-making in livestock biosecurity practices amidst environmental and social uncertainty: Evidence from an experimental game

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0214500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Merrill ◽  
Christopher J. Koliba ◽  
Susan M. Moegenburg ◽  
Asim Zia ◽  
Jason Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Game ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
Social Uncertainty

A qualitative study of the management and biosecurity practices of 13 interviewed pig owners selling via informal means in New South Wales, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Schembri ◽  
P. K. Holyoake ◽  
M. Hernández-Jover ◽  
J.-A. L. M. L. Toribio
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
On Farm

There is increasing interest in the trading practices of producers who market pigs at live auction in Australia and the potential for infectious disease establishment and spread. The practices that underpin the commercial pork industry in Australia are well known. However, little is known about informal movements of pigs in Australia, and the biosecurity risks associated with pig production enterprises that utilise these methods of trade. The aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the biosecurity and pig-keeping practices of owners who trade pigs informally for Foot and Mouth Disease and Classical Swine Fever exposure and spread. Interviews were conducted with 13 pig owners who trade via informal means between April and June 2009. Information provided by producers was able to be validated for the six interviews conducted on-farm. There was limited application of recommended biosecurity practices on-farm and few kept health and management records. All interviewees reared other livestock species, such as ruminants and/or poultry, as well as pigs. Most interviewed owners claimed to quarantine introduced pigs from the main herd; however, few complied with industry recommendations. The results of this study suggest that pig owners (n = 13 interviewed) who currently trade their pigs informally pose few threats for the introduction of emergency animal disease. Pig keepers largely obtained their pig feed from reputable sources and appeared to have a sound understanding of swill feeding. However, the lack of on-farm biosecurity, variable quarantine practices and the failure to keep health records could play a role in the spread of an emergency animal disease if it was to be introduced. Further work is being undertaken to determine, qualitatively, the risk associated with the management practices undertaken by informal pig traders and Foot and Mouth Disease and Classical Swine Fever introduction and spread.

scholarly journals Using Dairy Value Chains to Identify Production Constraints and Biosecurity Risks

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2332
Author(s):  
Jaswinder Singh ◽  
Balbir B. Singh ◽  
Harish Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Harmandeep Singh Josan ◽  
Nidhi Jaswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

The dairy industry plays an important role in the economy and food security of India. A study of the dairy value chains was conducted in Punjab, India, to identify production constraints and biosecurity risks. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted during 2018–2019 with a total of 119 participants comprising veterinarians (41), paraveterinarians (15), veterinary academics (12), dairy farmers (46) and key informants (5). Input and output value chains were created, and potential risk nodes were identified that could facilitate the transmission of pathogens between animals, farms and villages. The majority of the participants were male (93%), middle-aged (68%) or worked in rural areas (75%). Most of the farmers self-cultivated their green fodder (82%), used the wheat straw from their own fields (60%) but purchased commercial feed (63%). Artificial insemination was used by 85% of farmers for cattle, but only 68% for buffaloes. Most of the farmers (76%) reported getting their animals vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease and hemorrhagic septicemia. Animals were sold and purchased without any health certification and testing in most cases. Adoption of biosecurity measures by farmers and the use of personal protective equipment by veterinary personnel were very low. We recommend conducting epidemiological studies to further characterize the identified risk nodes, training of veterinary practitioners and farmers to ensure adequate biosecurity practices and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment.

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