scholarly journals Peripheral administration of kisspeptin-10 increases plasma concentrations of GH as well as LH in prepubertal Holstein heifers

2007 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kadokawa ◽  
M Matsui ◽  
K Hayashi ◽  
N Matsunaga ◽  
C Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serial Blood ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Reproductive Axis

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of kisspeptin-10 on blood concentrations of LH and GH in prepubertal dairy heifers. Heifers received a single injection of 1 mg kisspeptin-10 (n=5) or saline (n=5) intravenously, and serial blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals to analyze the response curves of both LH and GH after injection. Peak-shaped responses were observed for concentrations of LH and GH, and the peaks were observed at 27±3 and 75±9 min, respectively, after injection, only in heifers injected with kisspeptin-10. These data suggest various possible important links among kisspeptin, the reproductive axis, and also the somatotropic axis in prepubertal Holstein heifers.

Plasma concentrations of tryptophan and other amino acids in manic-depressive patients

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jancis R. Rees ◽  
M. N. E. Allsopp ◽  
R. P. Hullin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Depressive Patient ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Serial Blood ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depressive Patients

SYSNOPSISPlasma tryptophan concentrations were determined in serial blood samples from a short cycle (two to three day) manic-depressive patient and four manic-depressive patients with longer (60 day) affective cycles. Tryptophan levels varied significantly with affective state in the short cycle patient and one of the longer cycle patients. Correlation in the short cycle patient was better with blood samples taken at 3 p.m. than at 9 a.m.

Changes in plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin in ewes receiving melatonin and short-photoperiod treatments to induce early onset of breeding activity

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Poulton ◽  
J. English ◽  
A. M. Symons ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serial Blood ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Photoperiod

ABSTRACT Breeding activity was similarly advanced in ewes given continuous (s.c. implant) or timed (oral dose at 15.30 h) melatonin treatments or subjected to a short (8 h light: 16 h darkness) artificial photoperiod. Treatments commenced in mid-June and were terminated in mid-November. Weekly and serial blood samples were collected before and after treatments commenced, to ascertain the effects on plasma prolactin, LH and FSH concentrations. In addition, serial blood samples were collected for 24 h plasma prolactin and melatonin estimations before and after cessation of the treatments. Plasma prolactin levels were significantly reduced immediately following the start of the melatonin (implant and oral) and short-photoperiod treatments but 'rebounded' to levels greater than control values. The normal seasonal (spring) rise in plasma prolactin was noted in the following year. Before the onset of breeding activity, mean plasma LH and FSH concentrations and LH pulse frequency did not change following any of the treatments. The 24-h plasma melatonin profile accurately reflected the various applied treatments but had re-entrained to the prevailing (natural) photoperiod 1 week after termination of the treatments. There were no significant group differences in 24-h plasma prolactin levels 1 week before or 1 and 11 weeks after the treatments had ceased. Such treatments, although successfully advancing the onset of breeding activity and modifying the seasonal plasma prolactin rhythm, were not manifested through any apparent change in peripheral LH or FSH. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 103–111

Effect of protein and energy intake on digestion and nitrogen metabolism in wethers and on ovulation in ewes

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
J. F. Smith ◽  
M. J. Ulyatt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Four Levels

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the basis for an increase in ovulation rate in ewes given improved nutrition prior to mating.Sixteen wether sheep were used in the first experiment in order to screen physiological and nutritional variables likely to be affected by protein and energy intake. They were given low protein (LP) and high protein (HP) diets (19·1 and 35·2 g nitrogen per kg dry matter (DM)) each at four levels of energy intake (range 7·67 to 27·06 MJ gross energy per day). Effects of treatment on digestibility and partition of digestion between the rumen and intestines were small but increased nitrogen intake increased both nitrogen retention and the concentration of some essential amino acids (EAA) in plasma. The dietary treatments imposed on the wethers had been given to 800 ewes previously in a separate trial designed to predict ovulatory response to dietary and energy intakes. When the variables measured in the wether sheep were compared with predicted ovulation for ewes given the same treatments, the strongest relationship was with plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; r = 0·95; P < 0·001). Correlations with other EAA were weaker (r = 0·61; P < 001) and were not significantly related to concentrations of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in plasma (r = −0·21).Eighty ewes in experiment 2 were given an LP diet, blood samples were taken and ovulation rate determined by laparoscopy. One group of 20 ewes was maintained on the diet and another group of 20 was given an HP diet starting on day 7 of the oestrous cycle. Blood samples were taken 5 days later and numbers of ova determined during the next cycle. There were no changes in the number of ova present in ewes maintained on the LP diet, but a change to the HP diet increased ovulation rate from 1·47 to 1·89 eggs per ewe. Ewes which had single or multiple ova when given the LP diet (pre-treatment) had similar concentrations of amino acids in their blood, but those given the HP diet increased blood concentrations of BCAA by proportionately 0·58 and other EAA by 0·29 whilst NEAA were unaffected. Ewes which increased their ovulation rate when given the HP diet had a greater increase in blood BCAA concentration than those which did not increase their ovulation rate. Both the concentration in blood and the magnitude of increase in BCAA concentration appear to affect the number of eggs released. This concept is supported by evidence that BCAA are able to exert regulatory effects on mammalian protein metabolism under some circumstances.

Blood Concentrations of Chlorhexidine in Hospitalized Children Undergoing Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lee ◽  
Robert Harlan ◽  
Autumn R. Breaud ◽  
Kathleen Speck ◽  
Trish M. Perl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serial Blood ◽  
Chlorhexidine Bathing ◽  
Low Concentrations

We collected serial blood samples from children in the intensive care unit who underwent daily bathing with 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated cloths. Low concentrations of CHG were detected in a few blood samples, indicating absorption through intact skin. There was no suggestion that CHG accumulated in the blood with repeated exposures.

Estimating Kidney Function during Urography

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sjoberg ◽  
S. Hellsten ◽  
T. Almen ◽  
K. Golman ◽  
T. Grönberg
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gamma Counting

Blood samples were taken from 21 subjects at 2 to 4 hours after simultaneous injection of contrast medium (metrizoate) for urography and 51Cr-EDTA. Clearance calculations were performed using the single injection (single slope) technique. The plasma concentrations of 51Cr-EDTA and contrast medium were measured by gamma counting and X-ray fluorescence analysis, respectively. A good correlation was found between the clearance of 51Cr-EDTA and clearance of contrast medium (r=0.94).

ÜBER DIE ANTAGONISTISCHE WIRKUNG VON TRIJODTHYRONIN UND PROGESTERON AUF DEN PREDNISOLONEFFEKT AM EPIPHYSENKNORPEL (PRÜFUNG DER REISSFESTIGKEIT)

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ther ◽  
H. Schramm ◽  
G. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Prednisolone Acetate ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Diuretic Action ◽  
Maximal Load

ABSTRACT Longitudinal tension exerted on a killed rat's femur results always in rupture on the same place viz: the distal epiphyseal line. The power required to produce this effect can be measured with a simple dynamometer. The tensile strength increases with advancing age and during exsiccation (thirst). In untreated rats (weight range 100–120 g) this value amounts to about 1.5–1.8 kg. Tensile strength of the femoral epiphyseal line may be influenced by hormones. Corticosteroids such as prednisolone acetate and cortisol acetate increase the level of maximal load to more than 2.0 kg. In general the effect of a single injection reaches a climax after 48 hours. Dose-response-curves can be established and relative effectiveness may be gathered therefrom. Deoxycorticosterone acetate likewise increases tensile strength in spite of the fact that contrary to prednisolone exhibiting diuretic action this compound has a water retaining effect. Triiodothyronine and progesterone when given alone produce a slight decrease in tensile strength. The effect of prednisolone when given simultaneously with one of these two compounds is antagonized: this phenomenon is more pronounced in the case of triiodothyronine.

Effects of ageing and exogenous melatonin on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in rats

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Diaz ◽  
D Pazo ◽  
AI Esquifino ◽  
B Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of age and melatonin on the activity of the neuroendocrine reproductive system was studied in young cyclic (3-5 months-old), and old acyclic (23-25 month-old) female rats. Pituitary responsiveness to a bolus of GnRH (50 ng per 100 g body weight) was assessed at both reproductive stages in control and melatonin-treated (150 micrograms melatonin per 100 g body weight each day for 1 month) groups. After this experiment, female rats were treated for another month to study the influence of ageing and melatonin on the reproductive axis. Plasma LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone were measured. A positive LH response to GnRH was observed in both control groups (cyclic and acyclic). However, a response of greater magnitude was observed in old acyclic rats. Melatonin treatment reduced this increased response in acyclic rats and produced a pituitary responsiveness similar to that of young cyclic rats. FSH secretion was independent of GnRH administration in all groups, indicating desynchronization between LH and FSH secretion in response to GnRH in young animals and during senescence. No effect on prolactin was observed. Significantly higher LH (3009.11 +/- 1275.08 pg ml(-1); P < 0.05) and FSH concentrations (5879.28 +/- 1631.68 pg ml(-1); P < 0.01) were seen in acyclic control rats. After melatonin treatment, LH (811.11 +/- 89.71 pg ml(-1)) and FSH concentrations (2070 +/- 301.62 pg ml(-1)) decreased to amounts similar to those observed in young cyclic rats. However, plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were not reduced. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that, during ageing, the effect of melatonin is exerted primarily at the hypothalamo-pituitary axis rather than on the ovary. Melatonin restored the basal concentrations of pituitary hormones and pituitary responsiveness to similar values to those observed in young rats.

Episodic ovarian inhibin secretion is not due to LH pulses in anoestrous ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Campbell ◽  
A. S. McNeilly ◽  
D. T. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
A Site ◽  
Ovarian Inhibin ◽  
Secretion Rates

ABSTRACT In sheep, secretion of oestradiol by the ovary is stimulated by pulses of LH but the factors controlling ovarian inhibin secretion are not well understood. We have investigated the effect of a single injection of LH on the ovarian secretion of inhibin. Six anoestrous Finn–Merino ewes which had one ovary autotransplanted to a site in the neck had jugular and timed ovarian venous blood samples collected at 10-min intervals for a total of 5 h. The secretion rates of both inhibin (1–3 ng/min) and oestradiol (0·5–8 ng/min) were similar to those observed during the breeding season indicating significant follicular development in these animals. After injection of 2·5 μg NIH-LH-S25 intravenously the concentration of LH in plasma rose from a baseline of 1·8 ±0·1 (s.e.m.) μg/l to a peak of 3·9 ±0·3 μg/l (P<0·01). This LH pulse stimulated a corresponding increase (P<0·01) in oestradiol secretion from a basal level of 0·9±0·2 ng/min to a peak of 4·6±0·6 ng/min that occurred within 30 min of injection. Although inhibin secretion was episodic in nature, increases were not related to either exogenous or endogenous LH pulses. We conclude that, in contrast to oestradiol, the secretion of inhibin by the ovary is not controlled acutely by changes in plasma levels of LH during anoestrus. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 173–179

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