SURVIVAL TIME OF OVARIAN HOMOGRAFTS IN TWO STRAINS OF RATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. PARKES
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Latent Interval ◽  
Follicular Cysts

SUMMARY 1. Autografts and intra- and inter-strain homografts of ovarian tissue were made among rats of the two strains, albino and hooded, maintained at the National Institute for Medical Research. 2. Young adult females were ovariectomized and ovarian tissue transplanted subcutaneously. Surviving animals were killed 12–13 months after operation and the grafts, where present, removed for histological examination. 3. The occurrence of vaginal cornification was taken to indicate functional activity on the part of the graft. The effectiveness of the type of graft was assessed by the proportion of 'takes' within a group, by the average latent interval before the appearance of vaginal cornification and by the functional survival time of the graft. 4. The proportion of 'takes' was maximal in the autografts and intra-strain homografts, and only slightly less (16/20) in the inter-strain homografts. The length of the latent interval was not significantly different with the six types of graft. After 12–13 months, when the animals were killed, all the autografts, 11/14 of the intra-strain homografts, and 7/18 of the inter-strain homografts were still functioning. Of the thirty-six homografts which became established sufficiently to cause vaginal cornification, nine failed during the 1st month and three only during the 2nd and 3rd months. There were no later failures. 5. Histologically, most of the grafts were characterized by large follicular or lutein cysts, but normal eggs, follicles and corpora lutea were found in grafts of each type. There was a close connexion between the occurrence of follicular cysts and of persistent vaginal cornification. 6. The comparative importance of immunological and endocrinological factors in the evolution of the ovarian homograft is discussed.

THE »EARLY-ANDROGEN« SYNDROME; ITS DEVELOPMENT AND THE RESPONSE TO HEMI-SPAYING

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Swanson ◽  
J. J. van der Werff ten Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Transition Stage ◽  
Adult Females

ABSTRACT The »early-androgen« syndrome in the rat – i. e. anovulatory ovaries in adult females after a single injection of testosterone propionate (TP) within a week of birth – may not become apparent until some time after the attainment of sexual maturity. Large doses (50 or 100 μg) of TP were effective earlier than lower doses (5 or 10 μg). Rats which received 5 μg TP were ovulating at 10 weeks of age, mated but were infertile at 13 weeks of age, and were anovulatory at 21 weeks. In rats between 10 and 13 weeks old there was a marked fall in the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries of animals which had been given 5 μg TP. Hemi-spaying was followed by compensatory growth of the remaining ovary which consisted of corpora lutea in ovulating, and of follicles in anovulatory rats; little or no compensatory weight increase occurred in animals which seemed to be in the transition stage from the ovulatory to the anovulatory condition.

ABSENCE OF COMPENSATORY OVARIAN HYPERTROPHY IN RATS WITH ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Flerkó ◽  
Vera Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesions ◽  
Oestrogen Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Absence of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in »constant oestrus rats« from lesions in the anterior hypothalamic area suggests that nervous elements localized in this region play an essential role in the stimulation of gonadotrophin output by diminution of the blood oestrogen level. The constant vaginal oestrus after unilateral ovariectomy in the majority of animals was, however, repeatedly interrupted by vaginal smears of a dioestrous type. The appearance of a dioestrous vaginal smear in the »hypothalamic constant oestrus rats« is often associated with some luteinisation. It is assumed that diminution of the blood oestrogen level by reduction of ovarian tissue in these animals may bring about a release of LH sufficient to cause formation of corpora lutea.

Significant Improvement of Survival by Intrasplenic Hepatocyte Transplantation in Totally Hepatectomized Rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit A.P.M. Vogels ◽  
Martinus A.W. Maas ◽  
Anne Bosma ◽  
Robert A.F.M. Chamuleau
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Hepatocyte Transplantation ◽  
Shunt Operation ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Liver Atrophy ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Clinical Grading

The effect of intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation (HTX) was studied in an experimental model of acute liver failure in rats with chronic liver atrophy. Rats underwent a portacaval shunt operation on Day -14 to induce liver atrophy, and underwent total hepatectomy on Day 0 as a start of acute liver failure. Intrasplenic hepatocyte or sham transplantation was performed on Day -7, -3, or -1 (n = 4 to 6 per group). During the period following hepatectomy, mean arterial blood pressure was maintained above 80 mm Hg and hypoglycaemia was prevented. Severity of hepatic encephalopathy was assessed by clinical grading and EEG spectral analysis, together with determination of blood ammonia and plasma amino acid concentrations, and “survival” time. Histological examination of the spleen and lungs was performed after sacrifice. Intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation resulted in a significant improvement in clinical grading in all transplanted groups (p < 0.05), whereas a significant improvement in EEG left index was seen only in the group with transplantation on Day -1 (p < 0.05). In contrast to hepatocyte transplantation 1 day before total hepatectomy, rats with hepatocyte transplantation 3 and 7 days before total hepatectomy showed a significant 3- and 2-fold increase in “survival” time compared to sham transplanted controls: HTX at Day -1: 7.5 ± 0.3 h vs. 5.9 ± 0.6 h (p > 0.05), HTX at Day -3:19.7 ± 3.7 h vs. 6.5 ± 0.3 h (p < 0.05), and HTX at Day -7: 13.8 ± 3.2 h vs. 6.3 ± 0.3 h (p < 0.05). Furthermore, rats with hepatocyte transplantation on Day -3 and -7 showed significantly lower blood ammonia concentrations after total hepatectomy (p < 0.0001). Histological examination of the spleens after sacrifice showed clusters of hepatocytes in the red pulp. Hepatocytes present in the spleen for 3 and 7 days showed bile accumulation and spots of beginning necrosis. The present data show that in a hard model of complete liver failure in portacaval shunted rats, intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation is able to prolong “survival” time significantly 2- to 3-fold. The relevance of this observation for human application is discussed.

scholarly journals Effective Dual Method Contraceptive Use and HPV Vaccination Among U.S. Adolescent and Young Adult Females

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-550
Author(s):  
Robin C. Vanderpool ◽  
Corrine M. Williams ◽  
Amy R. Klawitter ◽  
Katherine Eddens
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
Adult Females

scholarly journals Effects of increased ambient temperature and supplemental altrenogest prior to pregnancy establishment in gilts

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Romoser ◽  
Katie L Bidne ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
Jason W Ross
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Uterine Flushing

Abstract Heat stress (HS) mitigation strategies are critically needed to combat the substantial economic effects on animal agriculture. The manifestations of seasonal infertility include delayed puberty onset, reduced conception rates, decreased litter size, and increased wean to estrus interval. To assess the effects of HS during early gestation and evaluate a benefit of supplemental altrenogest (ALT) as a mitigation strategy, thirty crossbred post-pubertal gilts (157 ± 11 kg) were subjected to estrous synchronization via 14 d oral administration of ALT. Artificial insemination during estrus was performed and gilts were then placed into one of four treatment groups; heat stress (HS; 35 ± 1 οC for 12h/31.60 ± 1 οC for 12h) with (HSALT, n = 7) or without (HSCON, n = 7) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation or thermal neutral (TN; 20 ± 1 οC) conditions with (TNALT, n = 8) or without (TNCON, n = 8) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation until 12 d post-estrus (dpe). Administrating ALT occurred at 0600 h from 3-12 dpe and rectal temperatures (TR) and respiration rates (RR) were recorded. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture on 0, 4, 8 and 12 dpe. Gilts were euthanized humanely at 12 dpe followed by collection of ovarian tissue, and uterine flushing for conceptus collection. In HS compared to TN gilts, RR and TR were increased (P &lt; 0.01) but unaffected by ALT supplementation. Feed intake (FI) was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) by HS but unaltered by ALT treatment. Corpora lutea (CL) weight was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) in HSCON gilts when compared to TNCON and HSALT gilts despite progesterone (P4) concentrations in serum and luteal tissue not being affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.10). CL diameter was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in HSALT gilts compared to other treatments. Interleukin-1β (IL1B) uterine flush concentration was not affected (P &gt; 0.20) by environment or ALT supplementation, although moderate (P = 0.06) interaction between environment and ALT existed, as IL1B concentration in TNALT was increased (P = 0.03) compared to TNCON gilts. While environment did not affect conceptus development (P = 0.90), ALT supplementation advanced conceptus elongation (P &lt; 0.01). Collectively, these data demonstrate that HS may affect luteal development prior to pregnancy establishment, and ALT increases conceptus elongation by12 dpe.

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