THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL BRUCELLOSIS IN VIRGIN HEIFERS WITH AND WITHOUT CONTINUOUS PROGESTERONE TREATMENT

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. PAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uterine Lumen ◽  
Progesterone Treatment

SUMMARY Daily injections of progesterone were given to six adult heifers. These, and six untreated but otherwise similar animals, were infected by a standard method with the virulent strain 544 of Brucella abortus. The pathogenesis of the disease, as measured by B. abortus counts in various tissues and organs, and associated histopathology, was found to be less progressive and milder than in the pregnant cow. In the non-gravid animals the counts of B. abortus in the various tissues were very low and the infection did not disseminate very widely in the body. The uteri remained free from infection. In addition, the lesions in the lymphoid tissue were milder than those found previously in similarly infected pregnant animals. Progesterone administration exerted a profound effect on the genital tract. Oestrous cycles ceased and follicles in the ovaries became atretic; the endometrial glands secreted a material which accumulated in the uterine lumen and a firm mucus seal developed in the cervix. Progesterone, however, exerted no effect on the pathogenesis of brucellosis. It is concluded that progesterone is unlikely to be responsible for the susceptibility of the pregnant cow to brucellosis.

scholarly journals Morphologic aspects of the genital tract from Nellore cows undergoing gynecological screening to insertion in the fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) program

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
R. Mello ◽  
M. Mello ◽  
M. Abidu-Figueiredo ◽  
P. Scherer ◽  
H. Palhano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rectal Palpation

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the genital tract from 98 Nellore cows by rectal palpation and combine them with the functional aspects for inclusion in a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) program. Methods: Were evaluated the ovaries, cervix and vulva, as well as the body condition score (BCS scale 1-5). Results: In relation to the ovaries, there were palpable structures found in 51 (17 CL and 34 FL) in the rights ovarian and 37 palpable structures (06 CL and 31 FL) in the left ovary. Asymmetry was found in 17.3% and uterine cervicitis in 20.4% of examined females. Changes were noted in vulva in 51.0% (40 to 10 papules and hyperemia) and the average of BCS was 3.15. On the basis of morphological aspects founded, 29 females with an average of BCS 2.7 and 01 with metritis were excluded and 07 (BCS-3, 5) inseminated immediately after the exam, with 61 included in the TAI program. These data support the conclusion that of all ovulations occurred, characterized by the presence of CL, most occurred in the right ovary (73.9%). The prevalence rate (51%) of vulvar aspects found, indicate a need for research of reproductive diseases in their flock. Conclusion: The BCS may impacts on the cyclicity and in the pregnancy rate of females included in the program.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of the large omentum in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
N. N. Shevlyuk ◽  
L. V. Khalikova ◽  
A. A. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Omentum ◽  
Low Grade

The aim of the study was to establish morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of large omentum in women with ovarian cancer.Material and methods. The large omenta of 48 women with ovarian cancer (low-grade differentiated seropapillary adenocarcinoma of high-grade malignancy) of II stage (n=20) and III stage (n=28) were studied. Histological sections were stained with overview histological and immunohistochemical methods (to reveal ki67, P53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61 proteins expression). Results. In patients, the size of the large omentum was characterized by high individual variability; in the presence of metastasis, the size of the omentum was reduced. Intensive development of blood vessels in the organ was noted, but in the presence of metastases stasis of blood corpuscles, leucocytic infiltration, and moderate edema of connective tissue were observed in the organ’s vessels. Areas of lymphoid tissue, both small lymphatic follicles and diffusely located lymphoid tissue, were revealed in the omentum. In most follicles, reactive centers were not marked, and the number of follicles was reduced in the presence of metastases in the omentum. The analysis of CD34+ cells distribution showed that they were identified both in the tumor and in the areas of the omentum adjacent to the tumor, which indicates a pronounced angiogenesis. An irregular distribution of CD7+ and CD8+ and CD4+ cells was revealed in the tumor tissues, as well as in the surroundings. Simultaneously with the expression of P53 protein, ki67 protein expression is revealed in the significant number of tumor cells (including endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels). The proportion of ki67+ cells in the tumor cell population was 60.1±3.3%. The presence of a large number of ki67+cells in the presence of P53 protein expression in them indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as a disturbance of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in the cells. Ki67 expression was low in the omentum areas unaffected by metastases, and it was revealed in the certain areas of connective tissue in fibroblastic programmed differentiation cells. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate significant plasticity and reactivity of great omentum in the presence of tumor process in the body and confirm the important role of great omentum in protective reactions.

Histogenesis of lymphoid organs in larvae of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis (Daudin)

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Manning ◽  
John D. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
South African ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymph Glands ◽  
Branchial Region ◽  
Myeloid Tissue

Before embarking on a study of the lymphoid system of an amphibian larva, it is necessary to realize that lymphoid tissue may occur in many organs of the body and that in all immature vertebrates and in adult poikilotherms separation of lymphoid tissue from myeloid tissue is incomplete (Yoffey, 1960). Jordan (1938) reviewed the early work on the haemopoietic tissues of Amphibia. Cooper (1967 a, b) and Baculi & Cooper (1967) made a thorough investigation of the lymphomyeloid and lymphoepithelial organs of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in the branchial region of the larva and in the ventral neck region of the adult. In the larva they found three pairs of ventral cavity bodies and one pair of lymph glands; in the adult, propericardial bodies, procoracoid bodies, epithelial bodies and jugular bodies were present. Cooper (1967a) reviewed the literature on these organs and discussed their nomenclature.

scholarly journals An RNA Vaccine Based on Recombinant Semliki Forest Virus Particles Expressing the Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase Protein of Brucella abortus Induces Protective Immunity in BALB/c Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 3294-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel A. Oñate ◽  
Gabriel Donoso ◽  
Gustavo Moraga-Cid ◽  
Hugo Folch ◽  
Sandra Céspedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Semliki Forest Virus ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cell Immune Response ◽  
Virus Particles

ABSTRACT We constructed infectious but replication-deficient Semliki Forest virus (SFV) particles carrying recombinant RNA encoding Brucella abortus Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). The recombinant SFV particles (SFV-SOD particles) were then evaluated for their ability to induce a T-cell immune response and to protect BALB/c mice against a challenge with B. abortus 2308. Intraperitoneal injection of mice with recombinant SFV-SOD particles did not lead to the induction of SOD-specific antibodies, at least until week 6 after immunization (the end of the experiment). In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from the vaccinated mice with either recombinant Cu,Zn SOD (rSOD) or crude Brucella protein resulted in a T-cell proliferative response and the induction of gamma interferon secretion but not interleukin-4. In addition, the splenocytes exhibited significant levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against Brucella-infected cells. The SFV-SOD particles, but not the control virus particles, induced a significant level of protection in BALB/c mice against challenge with B. abortus virulent strain 2308. These findings indicated that an SFV-based vector carrying the SOD gene has potential for use as a vaccine to induce resistance against B. abortus infections.

scholarly journals A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF TYPHOID FEVER

1898 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intestinal Lymphoid Tissue

The typhoid bacillus produces a mild diffusible toxine, partly within the intestinal tract, partly within the blood and organs of the body. This toxine produces proliferation of endothelial cells which acquire for a certain length of time malignant properties. The new-formed cells are epithelioid in character, have irregular, lightly staining, eccentrically situated nuclei, abundant, sharply defined, acidophilic protoplasm, and are characterized by marked phagocytic properties. These phagocytic cells are produced most abundantly along the line of absorption from the intestinal tract, both in the lymphatic apparatus and in the blood-vessels. They are also produced by distribution of the toxine through the general circulation, in greatest numbers where the circulation is slowest. Finally, they are produced all over the body in the lymphatic spaces and vessels by absorption of the toxine eliminated from the blood-vessels. The swelling of the intestinal lymphoid tissue of the mesenteric lymph nodes, and of the spleen is due almost entirely to the formation of phagocytic cells. The necrosis of the intestinal lymphoid tissue is accidental in nature and is caused through occlusion of the veins and capillaries by fibrinous thrombi, which owe their origin to degeneration of phagocytic cells beneath the lining endothelium of the vessels. Two varieties of focal lesions occur in the liver: one consists of the formation of phagocytic cells in the lymph spaces and vessels around the portal vessels under the action of the toxine absorbed by the lymphatics; the other is due to obstruction of liver capillaries by phagocytic cells derived in small part from the lining endothelium of the liver capillaries, but chiefly by embolism through the portal circulation of cells originating from the endothelium of the blood-vessels of the intestine and spleen. The liver cells lying between the occluded capillaries undergo necrosis and disappear. Later the foci of cells degenerate and fibrin forms between them. Invasion with polymorphonuclear leucocytes is rare. Many of the phagocytic cells pass through the liver and lungs, and get into the general circulation. A few come from the abdominal lymphatics through the thoracic duct.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus Virulent Strain 544

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Singh ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
A. K. Tiwari ◽  
Jagadesan Sankarasubramanian ◽  
Udayakumar S. Vishnu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence

scholarly journals Characterization of Specific Immune Responses of Mice Inoculated with Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing an 18-Kilodalton Outer Membrane Protein of Brucella abortus

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Vemulapalli ◽  
Silvio Cravero ◽  
Christine L. Calvert ◽  
Thomas E. Toth ◽  
Nammalwar Sriranganathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Shuttle Vector ◽  
Protein Fusion

ABSTRACT Using the shuttle vector pMCO2 and the vaccinia virus wild-type WR strain, we constructed a recombinant virus expressing an 18-kDa outer membrane protein of Brucella abortus. BALB/c mice inoculated with this virus produced 18-kDa protein-specific antibodies, mostly of immunoglobulin G2a isotype, and in vitro stimulation of splenocytes from these mice with purified maltose binding protein–18-kDa protein fusion resulted in lymphocyte proliferation and gamma interferon production. However, these mice were not protected against a challenge with the virulent strain B. abortus2308. Disruption of the 18-kDa protein's gene in vaccine strainB. abortus RB51 did not affect either the strain's protective capabilities or its in vivo attenuation characteristics. These observations suggest that the 18-kDa protein plays no role in protective immunity.

scholarly journals Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps when Modeling Plague Infection in Mice Immunized with Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
A. L. Kravtsov ◽  
A. Yu. Goncharova ◽  
S. A. Bugorkova ◽  
Z. L. Devdariani ◽  
V. A. Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Extracellular Traps

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG on the process of neutrophil extracellular traps formation in vivo when modeling plague infection and assess their contribution to antiplague protection.Materials and methods. BALB/c mice, which were immunized subcutaneously with the Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain, were used in the study. Animals were infected with a virulent strain Y. pestis 231 at a dose of 20 LD50 (103 CFU). To evaluate the contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to antibacterial protection, an experimental model was used based on fermenting NETs in the abdominal cavity of mice with nuclease. To calculate the number of NETs in peritoneal exudate (PE) fluorescent microscopy was applied. Phagocytic activity of PE cells was determined by flow cytometry. Bactericidal effect of NETs was recorded using bacteriological method.Results and discussion. In pre-immunized mice, the process of NETs formation in response to the reintroduction of plague microbe living cells was 5 times more intense than in intact animals and was accompanied by a significant increase in the killing of Y. pestis cells in PE. The use of micrococcus nuclease in the experiment for fermentation of the NETs, produced in the body of immunized animals, provided evidence of NET participation in conferring anti-infective protection against plague infection. Thus, the established fact of the NET formation in case of Y. pestis infection of mice immunized with Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain and the influence of this process on the effectiveness of protection against plague is the basis for further clarifying the immunopathogenetic role of neutrophil granulocytes in plague. 

scholarly journals Antibiotics and baby’s bugs — what effects have antibiotics on the bacteria present in the infant gut?

2012 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Fiona Fouhy
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Different Types

Take a moment to consider that there are ten times more bacteria present in the human gut than there are human cells in the body. Surprising and shocking as this may be, it should also occur to you that such vast numbers of bacteria are not there just by chance. In fact, these populations play numerous vital roles in our health and daily functioning. There are at least 100 trillion bacterial cells in the human gut, comprising over 500 different types, and these bacteria are involved in diverse and vital roles such as the digestion of foods, including foods which we would otherwise be unable to metabolise due to a lack of appropriate enzymes. These gut bacteria also contribute to the development of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT; part of the immune system located in the gut which is vital for developing tolerance to beneficial bacteria). Additionally, these gut bacteria ...

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