THE DISTRIBUTION OF [1,2-3H]TESTOSTERONE IN THE TISSUES OF FEMALE RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. WANG ◽  
STRETTON YOUNG ◽  
R. D. BULBROOK
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Tumour Bearing ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

SUMMARY (1) The incorporation of [1,2-3H]testosterone in vivo into various tissues of virgin, pregnant, post-partum and tumour-bearing female rats was studied. (2) In virgin female rats the clearance of radioactivity from mesenteric fat, mammary gland, uterus, spleen, lung and blood was similar. This similarity in the rates of clearance of radioactivity for all the tissues examined was also found for the tissues of pregnant, post-partum, and tumour-bearing rats. (3) After the administration of [1,2-3H]testosterone different amounts of radioactivity were found in each of the tissues examined. In virgin rats the levels of incorporation were fat > uterus ≥ mammary gland > lung > blood ≥ spleen. This pattern was also obtained in post-partum and tumour-bearing animals; the tumours in the latter behaved in a similar way to normal mammary glands. In the pregnant rat, the foetus incorporated the least amount of radioactivity.

Modeling of fibrocystic mastopathy in experiment on animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Anisimova ◽  
Janna A. Svirina ◽  
Denis A. Maksaev
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fibrocystic Disease ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Fibrocystic Mastopathy ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Almost All

Nowadays, hormonal imbalance is proven to be a factor that influences initiation of malignant and benign breast tumors. To study the aspects of participation of sex hormones in damage to organs and tissues, it may be necessary to model a common womens pathology fibrocystic disease of mammary glands characterized by the most pronounced effects of this pathogenetic factor, on experimental animals. Aim. To create a model of fibrocystic disease of mammary gland with the subsequent possibility of studying morphological manifestations of the disease in natural and drug-induced pathomorphism. Materials and Methods. The pathology was induced by intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml of 2% synestrol and 0.5 ml of 2.5% progesterone to virgin female rats on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days of the experiment. For examination, histological preparations of inguinal mammary glands were made. The preparations were described and studied using morphometric analysis. Results. In the result of the experiment, pronounced macro- and microscopic alterations of mammary glands were found. Microscopic picture was similar to that observed in fibrocystic mastopathy in women. Almost all the morphometric parameters underwent reliable alterations in correspondence with the given pathology. Conclusion. A model of fibrocystic disease of mammary gland was obtained that may be used for further study of morphogenesis and methods of correction.

THE INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION IN THE MARSUPIAL, TRICHOSURUS VULPECULA

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. SHARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Micro Anatomy

SUMMARY The mammary glands of the marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula (the brush possum) showed a cycle of development and regression correlated with the oestrous cycle. Mammary glands of pregnant females were not significantly heavier than those of non-pregnant females at comparable times after oestrus. There were no clear differences in histology between mammary glands of mated and non-mated females at the same number of days after oestrus until the 17th day. At this time the mammary glands of three non-mated females were clearly different from the glands of three post-partum females. Lactation was initiated in six out of eight non-mated females, including one virgin female, by transferring newborn young, which attached themselves to teats, to their pouches. Of the six transferred young which attached all, except one, lived and showed normal growth. The rate of regression of previously suckled mammary glands was slower in lactating than in non-lactating females. No clear evidence was obtained of hypertrophy of the non-suckled mammary gland following the attachment of a single young to the teat of the alternate mammary gland. However, the micro-anatomy of the non-suckled gland at 8 days after the onset of lactation suggested that milk may have distended the alveoli. These observations are discussed in relation to the control of lactation in the female marsupial. It is suggested that, in marsupials, the hormones circulating during the oestrous cycle cause full mammary development and that the suckling stimulus of the newborn young is sufficient to initiate lactation. The yolk-sac placenta of the brush possum apparently plays no essential part in mammary gland development. Otherwise the pattern of lactation in the brush possum does not appear to differ from that of eutherian mammals.

UPTAKE OF 125I-LABELLED HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN AND HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN BY THE TISSUES OF NORMAL AND LACTATING RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
S. REDDY ◽  
W. B. WATKINS
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽  
Human Placental Lactogen ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Pregnant Rat

SUMMARY The rate of clearance from the circulation and uptake into tissues of radioactive label was studied after i.v. injection of 125I-labelled human placental lactogen (HPL) into rats at various stages of pregnancy. The half-life was obtained for the disappearance of the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material from the plasma. The half-life, t½(S), calculated over the first 5 min after injection of the hormone was 5·4 ± 1·1 (s.d.) min, while a half-life, t½(L), of 27·9 ± 2·3 min was obtained from the decay period of 15–35 min. In the non-pregnant and pregnant rat the highest ratio of the radioactivity in an organ to that in the blood was 12–14:1 in the kidney. That the kidney is mainly involved in the uptake of exogenous HPL is further confirmed by the application of the histochemical immunoperoxidase technique. Human placental lactogen was localized in the cells of the proximal tubules of the cortex and to a lesser extent in the tubular lumen and the tubules of the medulla region. Uptake of HPL in vivo also occurs in the mammary gland tissue of the post-partum rat and reaches a maximum uptake between 15 and 30 min after injection of the hormone. Furthermore, specific uptake of HPL was observed on the alveolar cell membranes after the incubation of paraffin-embedded sections of formalin-fixed mammary gland and subsequent treatment by the peroxidase-labelled antibody method. These findings support the work of others who have demonstrated the presence of specific membrane receptors in the mammary gland for hormones with prolactin-like activity.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Angiography Shows Increased Arterial Blood Supply Associated with Murine Mammary Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Devkumar Mustafi ◽  
Abby Leinroth ◽  
Xiaobing Fan ◽  
Erica Markiewicz ◽  
Marta Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Arterial Blood

Breast cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western women. Tumor neoangiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, may be used as a prognostic marker for cancer progression. Clinical practice uses dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to detect cancers based on increased blood flow and capillary permeability. However, DCE-MRI requires repeated injections of contrast media. Therefore we explored the use of noninvasive time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography for serial studies of mouse mammary glands to measure the number and size of arteries feeding mammary glands with and without cancer. Virgin female C3(1) SV40 TAg mice (n=9), aged 18-20 weeks, were imaged on a 9.4 Tesla small animal scanner. Multislice T2-weighted (T2W) images and TOF-MRI angiograms were acquired over inguinal mouse mammary glands. The data were analyzed to determine tumor burden in each mammary gland and the volume of arteries feeding each mammary gland. After in vivo MRI, inguinal mammary glands were excised and fixed in formalin for histology. TOF angiography detected arteries with a diameter as small as 0.1 mm feeding the mammary glands. A significant correlation (r=0.79; p< 0.0001) was found between tumor volume and the arterial blood volume measured in mammary glands. Mammary arterial blood volumes ranging from 0.08 mm3 to 3.81 mm3 were measured. Tumors and blood vessels found on in vivo T2W and TOF images, respectively, were confirmed with ex vivo histological images. These results demonstrate increased recruitment of arteries to mammary glands with cancer, likely associated with neoangiogenesis. Neoangiogenesis may be detected by TOF angiography without injection of contrast agents. This would be very useful in mouse models where repeat placement of I.V. lines is challenging. In addition, analogous methods could be tested in humans to evaluate the vasculature of suspicious lesions without using contrast agents.

EFFECTS OF BROMOCRIPTINE AND OCCLUSION OF NIPPLES ON PROLACTIN RECEPTOR AND LACTOSE SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY IN THE MAMMARY GLAND OF THE LACTATING RAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. HAYDEN ◽  
S. V. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Sprague Dawley

The response of. prolactin receptor and lactose synthetase to suppression of plasma concentrations of prolactin was examined in normal and occluded (teat-sealed) mammary glands of Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats, with mammary glands unilaterally occluded, were given bromocriptine (2·5 mg/kg per 12 h) between days 5 and 8 post partum. Bromocriptine reduced plasma prolactin concentrations from 460·4±120·8 (mean ±s.e.m.) to 2·56 ± 0·89 ng/ml within 12 h whilst concentrations in control rats were 553·4± 110·25 ng/ml. Lactose synthetase activity declined rapidly, within 24 h, in occluded glands of both groups but was maintained for 24 h in normal glands of bromocriptine-treated rats and decreased thereafter. Prolactin receptors also declined significantly within 24 h in occluded glands. Desaturation of the prolactin receptor by bromocriptine treatment in vivo was compared with desaturation by exposure of membranes to MgCl2 in vitro. Both treatments enhanced prolactin binding but the increase after treatment with MgCl2 may have been partly artefactual since there was a selective loss of protein from the membranes. These results indicate that the prolactin receptor in rat mammary gland may be maintained after acute suppression of prolactin secretion.

Basal Lamina Formation in DMBA Induced Mammary Carcinoma

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
I. Russo ◽  
J. Saby ◽  
J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intercellular Spaces

It has been previously demonstrated that DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma originates in the terminal end bud (TEB) of the mammary gland by proliferation of intermediate type cells (1). The earliest lesion identified is the intraductal proliferation (IDP), which gives rise to intraductal carcinomas. These evolve to cribriform, papillary and comedo types (2). In the present work, we report the ultrastructural changes that take place in the IDP for the formation of a cribriform pattern.Fifty-five-day-old Sprague Dawley virgin female rats were inoculated intra- gastrically with 20 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in 1 ml sesame oil. Non-inoculated, age-matched females were used as controls. Mammary glands from both control and experimental rats were removed weekly from the time of inoculation until 86 days post-inoculation. The glands were fixed and processed for electron microscopy (2).The first change observed in IDP's was the widening of intercellular spaces and the secretion of an electron dense material into these spaces (Fig. 1).

The effect of bromocriptine on mammary-gland ultrastructure of hyperprolactinemic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
I.C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Evans

In women, hyperprolactinemia is often due to a prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma or PRL cell hyperplasia. RRL excess stimulates the mammary glands and causes proliferation of the alveolar epithelium. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits PRL secretion and is given to women to treat nonpuerperal galactorrhea. Old female rats have been reported to have PRL cell hyperplasia or adenoma leading to PRL hypersecretion and breast stimulation. Herein, we describe the effect of bromocriptine and consequently the reduction in serum PRL levels on the ultrastructure of rat mammary glands.Female Long-Evans rats, 23 months of age, were divided into control and bromocriptine-treated groups. The control animals were injected subcutaneously once daily with a 10% ethanol vehicle and were later divided into a normoprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels under 30 ng/ml and a hyperprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels above 30 ng/ml.

Ultrastructural Changes in the Mammary Epithelial Cell Population During Neoplastic Development Induced by A Chemical Carcinogen.

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 250-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Russo ◽  
W. Isenberg ◽  
M. Ireland ◽  
I.H. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Histological Change ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Chemical Carcinogen ◽  
Sprague Dawley

The induction of rat mammary carcinoma by the chemical carcinogen DMBA is used as a model for the study of the human disease (1). We previously described the histochemical changes that occur in the mammary gland of DMBA treated animals before the earliest manifested histological change, the intraductal proliferation (IDP), was observed (2). In the present work, we demonstrate that a change in the stable cell population found in the resting mammary gland occurs after carcinogen administration.Fifty-five day old Sprague-Dawley virgin female rats were inoculated intragastrically with 20mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in 1ml sesame oil. Non-inoculated, age-matched females were used as controls. Mammary glands from control and inoculated rats were removed weekly from the time of inoculation until 60 days post-inoculation. For electron microscopy, the glands were immersed in Karnovsky's fixative, post-fixed in 1% OsO4, dehydrated, and embedded in an Epon-Araldite mixture. Thick (lμ) sections were stained with 1% toluidine blue and were used for selecting areas for ultrastructural study.

scholarly journals Regulation of lipogenic capacity in lactating rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Grigor ◽  
A Geursen ◽  
M J Sneyd ◽  
S M Warren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Specific Activities

1. The rate of mammary-gland lipogenesis measured in vivo from 3H2O was suppressed after decreasing the milk demand by decreasing the number of pups from ten to two or three, as well as by giving diets containing lipid [Grigor & Warren (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 61-65]. 2. The specific activities of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ‘malic’ enzyme increased between 6- and 10-fold in the mammary gland and between 2- and 3-fold in the livers during the first 10 days of lactation. The increases in specific activity coupled with the doubling of liver mass which occurred during pregnancy and lactation resulted in considerable differences in total liver activities when compared with virgin animals. 3. Although consumption of a diet containing 20% peanut oil suppressed the activities of the three lipogenic enzymes in the livers, only the ‘malic’ enzyme was affected in the mammary glands. 4. In contrast, decreased milk demand did not affect the specific activities of any of the liver enzymes, whereas it resulted in suppression of all three lipogenic enzymes of the mammary glands. There was no effect on either the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase or the lactate dehydrogenase of the mammary gland. 5. In all the experiments performed, the activity of the fatty acid synthase correlated with the amount of material precipitated by the rabbit antibody raised against rat fatty acid synthase.

scholarly journals Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
NAJDA RIFQIYATI ◽  
ANA WAHYUNI
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract. Rifqiyati N, Wahyuni A. 2019. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf  infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 101-105. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) leaf, traditionally, is believed to have a potential in increasing and smoothing breast milk production. This study aimed to determine the effect of fennel leaf infusion on milk production and to know the side effects of its use. The material used in the research was infusion of fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) collected from Kopeng, Central Java. The research utilized 12 female rats each with 5 newborns off springs. The experiment was designed in Completed Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Histological preparation of mammary glands was set using paraffin method with HE staining. Kidney function was observed through uric acid level in the blood. The results showed that the diameter of lactiferous ducts and of its lumen diameter were significantly influenced by 15 days fennel leaf infusion treatment. The largest lactiferous duct diameter observed was on P3 treatment group (452.97 ± 75.033 µm) and the smallest was observed in control groups (273.17 ± 38.746 µm). The numbers of active alveoli observed in treatment groups, i.e., in P1 (20 g/300  mL), P2 (40 g/300  mL), and P3 (60 g/300  mL), increased than inactive alveoli. The blood uric acid level observed was 4.0-4.6 mg/dl. The results suggested that the infusion of fennel leaf with a treatment dose of 60 g infusion in 300  mL distilled water administered for 15 days can significantly increase the diameter of lactiferous lumen of female rat mammary glands, and increase the diameter of the alveoli and the number of active alveolar mammary glands. Histological picture of mammary gland also showed that the female rats treated with dose of 60g infusion per 300  mL aquadest increased milk secretion and than the other treatment groups. The treatment also showed no significant side effects.  

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