DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF PLASMA PROLACTIN IN GROWING SHEEP UNDER TWO LIGHTING RÉGIMES AND THE EFFECT OF PINEALECTOMY

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY B. BROWN ◽  
J. M. FORBES
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Unoperated Control ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positive Effect

The role of the pineal gland in mediating the stimulatory effect of long daylength on blood levels of prolactin was investigated in 24 growing castrated sheep. Eight were pinealectomized, eight were sham-pinealectomized and eight remained as unoperated control animals. After a preliminary period with 12 h light:12 h darkness (12L: 12D) pairs of similar sheep were allocated to photoperiods of 16L: 8D or 8L: 16D for 15 weeks. Each animal was individually fed at the same level as its partner exposed to the other daylength. Blood samples were taken weekly by jugular venepuncture. On two occasions, once in the preliminary period (12L: 12D) and again 41 days after the start of the subsequent photoperiods, samples were taken through indwelling jugular catheters at frequent intervals for 24 h. The plasma samples were assayed for prolactin by radioimmunoassay and concentrations were higher in samples taken by jugular puncture. There was a consistent positive effect of daylength on plasma prolactin in sheep with pineal glands that did not occur in pinealectomized sheep. In contrast, pinealectomy did not block the marked rise in prolactin that occurred at dusk. It appears that the effect of the photoperiod on levels of plasma prolactin throughout the day and night is not mediated by the same mechanism as that which controls the surge of prolactin at dusk in the sheep.

Role of uremia, brain calcium, and parathyroid hormone on changes in electroencephalogram in chronic renal failure

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. F575-F579
Author(s):  
M. Akmal ◽  
D. A. Goldstein ◽  
S. Multani ◽  
S. G. Massry
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Serum Pth ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Acute uremia is associated with increased calcium (Ca) in brain and changes in electroencephalogram (EEG), and both derangements are related to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Also changes in EEG in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) correlated directly with blood levels of PTH, and fall in PTH was followed by improvement in EEG. We examined whether chronic uremia per se has an effect on brain calcium or EEG. Uremia was produced by 5/6 nephrectomy and maintained for 32-70 wk in seven thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) and seven control dogs. There were no differences in creatinine clearance and serum electrolytes except for HCO3, which was lower in control animals (P less than 0.01). Serum PTH was undetectable in TPTX dogs but was significantly elevated in control animals (32.3 +/- 3.3 mu leq /ml). Calcium in gray and white matter was significantly increased in both groups but much higher in control animals. The percent waves of less than 7 Hz in EEG were similar in both groups prior to uremia (TPTX 4.6 +/- 0.8 vs. control 4.2 +/- 0.5%) but remained unchanged in TPTX animals and increased significantly in control dogs (19.0 +/- 1.3%) after uremia. These data suggest that CRF per se is associated with marked rise in Ca in both gray and white matter and increment is higher in the presence of PTH. Disturbance in EEG in a state of CRF requires the presence of excess PTH and is prevented despite increased Ca in brain if hyperparathyroidism is not allowed to develop.

PATTERNS OF PLASMA PROLACTIN IN POST-PARTUM SUCKLED COWS

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WEBB ◽  
G. E. LAMMING
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Blood samples taken on alternate days through indwelling jugular venous catheters from 12 suckled cows between days 14 and 48 post partum contained significantly less prolactin than samples collected on intermediate days by jugular venepuncture. Samples taken through the catheter every 2 h for 72 h periods revealed a repetitive daily biphasic pattern of prolactin secretion with low concentrations at 09.00 and 19.00 h and high concentrations at 13.00 and 23.00 h. In two groups of cows, one group calving at the beginning of March (increasing photoperiod) and the other calving during June (decreasing photoperiod), there was a significant negative correlation between stage of lactation and plasma prolactin concentrations in samples taken by venepuncture.

Effects of antiserum to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone on the concentrations of plasma prolactin, thyrotrophin and LH in the pro-oestrous rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Horn ◽  
H. M. Fraser ◽  
G. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Sheep Blood

ABSTRACT The possible role of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in causing the pro-oestrous surge of prolactin was investigated in conscious female rats by passive immunization with a specific anti-TRH serum raised in sheep. Blood samples were withdrawn through a previously implanted intra-atrial cannula. The i.p. injection of 1 ml anti-TRH serum, but not non-immune sheep serum, at 13.00 h of pro-oestrus delayed by about 1 h the onset of the prolactin surge, but the peak of the surge was similar to that in animals injected with the non-immune serum. The plasma concentrations of TSH were significantly reduced by the anti-TRH serum, but plasma concentrations of LH were not significantly affected. These results show that TRH may play an important role in the timing and initiation, but not the maintenance of the prolactin surge in the pro-oestrous rat. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 205–209

Plasma prolactin and gonadotrophins in anorexia nervosa and amenorrhoea due to weight loss

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Skrabanek ◽  
J. Devlin ◽  
D. McDonald ◽  
D. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Prolactin Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. The role of prolactin in anorexia nervosa is controversial and both hyperprolactinaemia and normoprolactinaemia were reported in patients with anorexia nervosa. We have measured immunoreactive prolactin by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples from 14 consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa and found normoprolactinaemia in 13 patients and a borderline elevation of plasma prolactin in one patient. The mean plasma prolactin level in anorexia nervosa patients did not differ from an age-matched control gorup of patients with amenorrhoea due to simple weight loss. While we were unable to confirm reports on the common occurrence of hyperprolactinaemia in anorexia nervosa, the absence of hyperprolactinaemia suggests a different mechanism of amenorrhoea in patients with anorexia nervosa and due to simple dieting from that in idiopathic secondary amenorrhoea in which the frequency of hyperprolactinaemia is about 30%. The mean plasma follicle-stimulating hormone was abnormally low both in patients with anorexia nervosa and simple weight loss, while the mean plasma luteinizing hormone was depressed only in patients with anorexia nervosa. This difference is compatible with a more profound hypothalamic disorder in anorexia nervosa, which is not solely dependent on the weight loss, than in amenorrhoea due to simple dieting.

scholarly journals Identification of salsolinol in the mediobasal hypothalamus of lactating ewes and its relation to suckling-induced prolactin and GH release

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Misztal ◽  
Konrad Górski ◽  
Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba ◽  
Edyta Molik ◽  
Katarzyna Romanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Extracellular Concentration ◽  
Made In

The push–pull perfusions of the infundibular nucleus–median eminence (IN/ME) were made in lactating ewes (n=7) twice, to identify dopamine (DA)-derived salsolinol and the changes in its extracellular concentration in response to suckling. The perfusate collecting period in every ewe consisted of control non-suckling period, 1000–1230 h (five perfusates), and suckling period, 1230–1500 h (next five perfusates). Simultaneously, blood samples were collected from 1000 to 1500 h at 10-min intervals. The perfusate concentrations of salsolinol and DA were measured by HPLC, and plasma prolactin and GH concentrations were assayed by the RIA. Mean concentrations of salsolinol in perfusates collected from the anterior and posterior parts of the IN/ME (according to post-mortem localization of a perfusion site) increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.001 respectively) during the suckling period, when compared with those noted during the non-suckling period. While no DA was found in the anterior part, only vestigial amounts of DA were found in a few perfusates collected from the posterior part. Salsolinol was not detected in the IN/ME of ewes 10 weeks after weaning (seasonal anoestrus). Mean plasma prolactin and GH concentrations during suckling were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those noted during the non-suckling period. In conclusion, our current study reveals that salsolinol is present in the IN/ME of lactating ewes and that its extracellular concentration increases during suckling. Moreover, it supports the role of salsolinol as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulatory process of prolactin secretion at least during lactation.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence for Flea-Borne Rickettsiosis in Febrile Patients from Madagascar

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Christian Keller ◽  
Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy ◽  
Vera von Kalckreuth ◽  
Jean Noël Heriniaina ◽  
Norbert Georg Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rickettsial Infection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Edta Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

Rickettsiae may cause febrile infections in humans in tropical and subtropical regions. From Madagascar, no molecular data on the role of rickettsioses in febrile patients are available. Blood samples from patients presenting with fever in the area of the capital Antananarivo were screened for the presence of rickettsial DNA. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) blood from 1020 patients presenting with pyrexia > 38.5 °C was analyzed by gltA-specific qPCR. Positive samples were confirmed by ompB-specific qPCR. From confirmed samples, the gltA amplicons were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. From five gltA-reactive samples, two were confirmed by ompB-specific qPCR. The gltA sequence in the sample taken from a 38-year-old female showed 100% homology with R. typhi. The other sample taken from a 1.5-year-old infant was 100% homologous to R. felis. Tick-borne rickettsiae were not identified. The overall rate of febrile patients with molecular evidence for a rickettsial infection from the Madagascan study site was 0.2% (2/1020 patients). Flea-borne rickettsiosis is a rare but neglected cause of infection in Madagascar. Accurate diagnosis may prompt adequate antimicrobial treatment.

THE ROLE OF LOYALTY DIMENSIONS IN CUSTOMER ORIENTATION PROCESS FOR NEW ENTERPRISES IN TOURISM INDUSTRIES OF IRAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (06) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taleghani ◽  
Esmaeil Rajabi Choobeh ◽  
Seyyed Javad Mousavian
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Orientation Process ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
Positive Effect

Many of tourism companies use internet websites as an important tool for marketing and sale of products or offering their services. To offer tourism services through internet successfully, it must be highly reliable and safe. The aim of this research is to study on effective factors on trust, satisfaction and loyalty of customers. In this research one structural equation modeling method has been used that investigate on relationships between external variables (efficiency and usability of transportation and transfer of products, security and transaction costs) and mediator and effective variables (trust and satisfaction) and also loyalty which are as a dependent variable. The results show that efficiency and high capability for transportation, transfer, expenses and security has a positive effect on the rate of trust in customers, which on the other hand, has affected loyalty of the customer as well. These results and findings show that satisfaction of the customers affects their trust which will have a significant role in formation of loyalty in customers and continuity of online shopping of tourism products and services.

scholarly journals The Role of „Handball At School” Program in Ability Development and Replenishment Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Anetta Müller ◽  
István Juhász ◽  
Eszter Boda ◽  
Melinda Biró ◽  
Zsuzsa Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Program ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Stability Results

In Hungary the undisputable merit of TAO subsidy is realized in replenishment training, human resource development and development of sports infrastructure. The other important base of replenishment development is „Handball at School” programme managed by Hungarian Handball Federation. „Handball at School” programme was launched in relation to every-day physical education and we undertook the skills-building role of its impact assessment. A survey programme was organised by us in the autumn and spring semesters of 2015/ 2016 academic year aiming to prove that project has positive effect on aiming accuracy and performance stability results of pupils, as well as their precision of technical implemetation. 183 pupils were examined who had two sponge-handball lessons a week out of their 5 physical education lessons. When choosing the pilot scenes it was considered important to get Budapest, Easternand Western Hungary also involved. To examine aiming accuracy two tests were applied. One is „throwing at a target from throwing straddle without previous swing” performed by the pupils. The children were expected to hit the small box five times with right technical implementation meaning that it was done with lifted elbow. After the first implementation they were given some time to relax and the the shots were repeated five times again. The children were asked another task to perform, a similar one to the first, but it had to be performed from running up, that is they ran back from a line, took the sponge ball, ran back to the line and had to hit the small box again with lifted elbow. At this task several aspects were noted and measured again: the time needed for implementation, target accuracy and also whether the technical implementation of the throw was accurate. JEL Classification: I21, Z28

scholarly journals A Study of the Effects of Total Quality Management on Occupational Safety Regulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Selman Aksoy ◽  
Mehmet Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Total Quality Management ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study is to determine the role of total quality management (TQM) in controlling occupational health and safety operations which is highly significant to enterprises. Data has been obtained by survey technique which is one of the initial collection techniques. A questionnaire with 34 questions used by Güngör (2008) earlier has been conducted. Data has been attained from the employees’ answers to the questions of the survey who work at two different machine-manufacturing enterprises. Enterprises have been chosen intentionally from those that one of them applies TQM and the other doesn’t. Data was analyzed by SPSS-20 software. At the end of the research, it has been revealed that the enterprise which implements TQM, has more regulations about occupational safety than the other enterprise which doesn’t implement TQM. In conclusion, it has been detected that the TQM applications have a positive effect on occupational safety regulations.

The impact of cultural factors on shareholder governance and environmental sustainability: an international context

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-385
Author(s):  
Lassaad Ben Mahjoub ◽  
Ines Amara
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of the shareholder governance on environmental sustainability by the moderating effect of some cultural factors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have studied the extent of sustainability by continent. On the other hand, the authors have conducted three empirical models that deal with the effect of shareholder governance on environmental sustainability and also with the moderating effect of cultural factors.FindingsUsing a sample of 140 countries during the year 2018, the authors find a notable and positive effect of the shareholder governance on environmental sustainability. Regarding the role of cultural factors, the authors found that the factor gender parity is more important than other factors.Practical implicationsThe findings have policy implications for governments aiming to combat environmental sustainability and shareholder governance.Originality/valueThis research has approached cultural factors in a different context, which is an eastern country, which are completely different from those of western countries. On the other hand, the subject of sustainability is not sufficiently threated in this country (Saudi Arabia).

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