Intracellular dehydration in the rat made diabetic with streptozotocin: effects of infusion

1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Anwana ◽  
H. O. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Deficit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fluid Losses

ABSTRACT Metabolic and isotopic dilution techniques were used to investigate fluid balance and fluid volumes in rats made diabetic with streptozotocin before and after infusion. Uninfused diabetic rats had significantly (P < 0·01) lower total body water than controls (57·7±2·2 vs 65·7±1·4% (s.e.m.) fat free mass). This was due exclusively to a significantly (P < 0·001) reduced intracellular fluid volume (38·2±1·5 vs 45·4±1·4% fat free mass). Metabolic studies over the preceding 2 weeks showed that the fluid deficit in the diabetic group had resulted from a failure of the rats to increase their fluid intake to the same extent as their combined fluid losses. A 4-h saline infusion halved the fluid deficit in diabetic animals. The retained fluid was used to restore intracellular fluid volume which became comparable in diabetic and control rats (47·2±2·0 vs 46·4±1·0% fat free mass). The retention of infusate by diabetic animals to counteract their intracellular dehydration may partly explain the reduced urine output reported elsewhere in infused anaesthetized diabetic rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 128, 333–337

Time course and magnitude of changes in total body water, extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluid volume and plasma volume during submaximal exercise and recovery in horses

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Lindinger ◽  
Gloria McKeen ◽  
Gayle L Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the time course and magnitude of changes in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes in relation to changes in total body water during prolonged submaximal exercise and recovery in horses. Seven horses were physically conditioned over a 2-month period and trained to trot on a treadmill. Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) were measured at rest using indicator dilution techniques (D2O, thiocyanate and Evans Blue, respectively). Changes in TBW were assessed from measures of body mass, and changes in PV and ECFV were calculated from changes in plasma protein concentration. Horses exercised by trotting on a treadmill for 75–120 min incurred a 4.2% decrease in TBW. During exercise, the entire decrease in TBW (mean±standard error: 12.8±2.0 l at end of exercise) could be attributed to the decrease in ECFV (12.0±2.4 l at end of exercise), such that there was no change in intracellular fluid volume (ICFV; 0.9±2.4 l at end of exercise). PV decreased from 22.0±0.5 l at rest to 19.8±0.3 l at end of exercise and remained depressed (18–19 l) during the first 2 h of recovery. Recovery of fluid volumes after exercise was slow, and characterized by a further transient loss of ECFV (first 30 min of recovery) and a sustained increase in ICFV (between 0.5 and 3.5 h of recovery). Recovery of fluid volumes was complete by 13 h post exercise. It is concluded that prolonged submaximal exercise in horses favours net loss of fluid from the extracellular fluid compartment.

Effects of an Alleged Myostatin-Binding Supplement and Heavy Resistance Training on Serum Myostatin, Muscle Strength and Mass, and Body Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heavy Resistance Training ◽  
Total Body

This study examined 12 wk of resistance training and cystoseim canariensis supplementation on serum levels of myostatin and follistatin-like related gene (FLRG) and muscle strength and body composition. Twenty-two untrained males were randomly assigned to a placebo (PLC) or myostatin binder (MYO) group in a double-blind fashion. Blood was obtained before and after 6 and 12 wk of training. PLC and MYO trained thrice weekly using 3 sets of 6 to 8 repetitions at 85% to 90% 1 repetition maximum. MYO ingested 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA. After training, total body mass, fat-free mass, muscle strength, thigh volume/mass, and serum myostatin and FLRG increased for both groups (P < 0.05); however, there were no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Twelve wk of heavy resistance training and 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis supplementation appears ineffective at inhibiting serum myostatin and increasing muscle strength and mass or decreasing fat mass.

Progressive defect in biliary GSH secretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. G374-G382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Lu ◽  
J. Kuhlenkamp ◽  
H. Wu ◽  
W. M. Sun ◽  
L. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitor ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

This study examined the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on biliary reduced glutathione (GSH) efflux. Biliary GSH efflux was measured before and after acivicin, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). One week after streptozotocin treatment, liver GGT activity doubled in diabetic rats but was inhibited by approximately 90% after acivicin to levels comparable to controls. Despite maximal GGT inhibition, biliary GSH efflux in untreated diabetic rats decreased progressively to approximately 10% of control levels by week 4 and was partially restored by insulin. The mechanism for the decrease in biliary GSH efflux was not increased paracellular permeability. GSH transport kinetics, ATP-stimulated taurocholate, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) transport in canalicular liver plasma membrane prepared from diabetic and control rats were similar. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with high-dose H-7 increased biliary GSH efflux in diabetic animals to near control basal levels. In conclusion, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exhibit a progressive impairment in biliary GSH transport. One of the responsible mechanisms is heightened PKC tone in diabetic animals.

Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Brazilian Children and Adolescents before and after a Lifestyle Modification Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Lyra ◽  
Alexandre José Bonfitto ◽  
Vera Lucia P. Barbosa ◽  
Ana Cristina Bezerra ◽  
Carlos Alberto Longui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

Aim: To compare the body composition of overweight children and adolescents by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after physical activity program. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with mean age (SD) of 12 (1.9) participated in the study. We assessed the weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body composition by DXA and BIA. Patients underwent a program of diet and physical activity (1 h 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 3 months) and were evaluated before and after this period. Results: Mean initial zBMI were 2.3 (0.5) and waist SDS 5.9 (1.8). Significant differences were observed when we compared the measurements taken by DXA and BIA, respectively: total body fat percentage (40 and 31.5) and fat-free mass (43.1 and 50.6 kg). Regarding the trunk fat by DXA, there was a positive correlation with the WC/height ratio (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). After the intervention period, we observed a reduction in the zBMI, waist SDS, and total body fat and increase of fat-free mass by DXA. BIA only detected reduction in fat. Conclusion: BIA underestimates the percentage of fat and overestimates fat-free mass in relation to DXA. There is positive correlation between trunk fat and the ratio WC/height. In addition, DXA detected changes in body composition induced by a short period of physical training, unlike BIA. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fluid Loss and Customary Fluid Intake among a Selected Group of Young Swimmers: A Preliminary Field Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3205
Author(s):  
Damian Wiśniewski ◽  
Ewa Śliwicka ◽  
Jakub Malik ◽  
Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Average

This study aimed to assess fluid loss (FL) and customary fluid intake (FI) during a training session, and the relationship between FL and total body water (TBW) content in a selected group of young swimmers. The study involved 17 (seven females, 10 males) individuals whose anthropometric and body composition analyses and FI during training units were carried out. The total average FI and total actual FL oscillated around 531 mL and −513 mL for the whole study group (469 mL and −284 mL for females, 574 mL and −674 mL for males). The dependent and independent sample t-tests, the Cohen’s d effect size and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were analysed. Significant differences were observed between pre-workout and post-workout body weights after training without FI in the whole group (66.5 kg vs. 66.0 kg, p < 0.001, d = 0.06), in females (61.2 kg vs. 60.9 kg, p = 0.015, d = 0.04) and males (70.3 kg vs. 69.6 kg, p < 0.001, d = 0.9). For the TBW content and fat-free mass (FFM) before and after training, significant differences were observed only in males (TBW: 43.8 L vs. 43.2 L, p = 0.002, d = 0.14; and 62.4% vs. 61.7%, p < 0.001, d = 0.36; FFM: 59.8 kg vs. 59.1 kg, p = 0.002, d = 0.12). Moreover, the relationship between the actual FL and TBW before training was observed in the whole (mL vs. %: r = −0.64, p = 0.006; mL vs. L: r = −0.84, p < 0.001) and the male group (mL vs. L: r = −0.73, p = 0.017). These results indicated FL in young swimmers during training and the relationship between FL and pre-training TBW content, which suggests that it is important to also pay special attention to effective hydration procedures before and during training in aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Body Composition Changes after Preseason Training in Elite Handball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3880
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Cichy ◽  
Andrzej Dudkowski ◽  
Marek Kociuba ◽  
Zofia Ignasiak ◽  
Anna Sebastjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Training Protocol

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the estimated body composition of elite female and male Polish handball players during a five-week preseason training camp. Height and weight were measured, while body composition was estimated with bioelectrical impedance in 18 male and 17 female handball players before and after the five-week training protocol. Components of body composition included total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), and absolute and relative fat mass (FM). Weight and body mass index (BMI) did not change in males, but declined in females after five weeks of training. FM and %FM declined, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased significantly after training in both males and females. In contrast, comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in weight, the BMI and body composition in males and females, respectively, suggested that estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased relatively more in females than in males, while FM and %FM decline relatively more in males than females. Overall, the five-week preseason training program modified the body composition of male and female handball players. FM and %FM decreased, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased, in both males and females after the preseason training program. Comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in body composition in males and females suggested sexual dimorphism in response to intensive preseason training.

Cold exposure and acclimation in alloxan-diabetic rats

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Poe ◽  
Thomas R. A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heat Conservation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The survival rate of alloxan-diabetic rats at 5 C was significantly less than that of control rats living at the same low environmental temperature. One-half of the diabetic animals died within the first 7 days of exposure while the remainder exhibited a marked susceptibility to cold injury in the form of tail gangrene. Shivering was decreased upon re-exposure to cold in both the diabetic and control rats following 20 and 45 days of cold acclimation. The diabetic animals had a tendency to shiver less than their controls. Diabetic rats also showed a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature over a 90-min period at 5 C than did controls, in spite of a similar increase in oxygen consumption. This rectal temperature decrease was observed in both the diabetic and control groups before and after 20 days of cold acclimation. The data suggest that a problem of heat conservation exists in the diabetic rat, but tail-skin temperatures, as recorded, did not bear this out.

scholarly journals Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Danilo Bondi ◽  
Anna Maria Aloisi ◽  
Tiziana Pietrangelo ◽  
Raffaela Piccinelli ◽  
Cinzia Le Donne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Muscle Ultrasound

High-altitude exposure leads to many physiological challenges, such as weight loss and dehydration. However, little attention has been posed to the role of nutrition and ethnic differences. Aiming to fulfill this gap, five Italian trekkers and seven Nepalese porters, all males, recorded their diet in diaries during a Himalayan expedition (19 days), and the average daily intake of micro and macro-nutrients were calculated. Bioimpedance analysis was performed five times during the trek; muscle ultrasound was performed before and after the expedition, only for the Italians. The Nepalese group consumed a lot of rice and only Italians consumed cheese. Water intake was slightly over 3000 g/d for both groups. Nepalese diet had a higher density of dietary fibre and lower density of riboflavin, vitamins A, K, and B12. Intake of calcium was lower than recommended levels. Body mass index, waist circumference, fat-free mass, and total body water decreased in both groups, whereas resistance (Rz) increased. Italians reactance (Xc) increased at day 9, whereas that of Nepalese occurred at days 5, 9, and 16. The cross-sectional area of the Vastus lateralis was reduced after the expedition. Specific nutritional and food-related risk factors guidance is needed for diverse expedition groups. Loss of muscle mass and balance of fluids both deserve a particular focus as concerns altitude expeditions.

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