scholarly journals Effects of ethanol on intraovarian nitric oxide production in the prepubertal rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
VK Srivastava ◽  
JK Hiney ◽  
V Rettori ◽  
WL Dees
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
And Function ◽  
Induced Changes

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to contribute to ovarian development and function. In non-ovarian tissues NO can be altered by ethanol (ETOH), a drug considered to be a gonadal toxin in men as well as male and female rats. The present study was undertaken to determine if some of the detrimental effects of chronic ETOH exposure on prepubertal ovarian function could be due to ETOH-induced alterations in the intraovarian NO system. Rats were implanted with intragastric cannulae on day 24 and began receiving control or ETOH diets on day 29. All rats were killed on day 34, determined to be in the late juvenile stage of development, and their ovaries and blood were collected. We analyzed the expression of the two constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e. neuronal (n) NOS and endothelial (e) NOS, as well as the inducible (i) form of NOS protein in the ovaries of control and ETOH-treated rats by Western immunoblotting. Results demonstrate that eNOS protein increased markedly (P<0.02; 140 kDa) in ETOH-treated rats compared with controls. ETOH treatment did not alter the protein expression of nNOS (155 kDa) and only slightly increased that of iNOS (130 kDa). We also assessed NOS activity as determined by nitrite accumulation and by the conversion of L-[14C]arginine to L-[14C]citrulline. In this regard, the ETOH-treated animals showed an increase in ovarian nitrite generation (P<0.05), as well as an increase in ovarian citrulline formation (P<0.0001), when compared with control animals. Along with the above described ETOH-induced increases in ovarian eNOS and NO activity, the serum levels of estradiol were concomitantly suppressed (P<0.001) in the ETOH-treated rats. These results demonstrate for the first time the ETOH-induced changes in the prepubertal ovarian NO/NOS system, and suggest that these alterations contribute to the detrimental actions of the drug on prepubertal ovarian development and function.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Difference in Nitric Oxide Metabolites Levels after Nephroprotectant Supplementation Administration against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rat Model: The Role of Vitamin E, Erythropoietin, or N-Acetylcysteine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Nematbakhsh ◽  
Zahra Pezeshki
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Human Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites

Background. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration in serum is altered by cisplatin (CP), and NO influences CP-induced nephrotoxicity. The effect of nephroprotectant agent supplementation (vitamin E, human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO), or n-acetylcysteine (NAC)) on the NO metabolites levels after CP administration in the two genders was determined. Methods. Sixty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. Male and female rats in different groups received vehicle (saline), CP (7 mg/kg) alone, CP plus EPO (100 IU/kg), CP plus vitamin E (250 mg/kg), and CP plus NAC (600 mg/kg). CP was administrated as a single dose, but the supplementations were given for a period of 7 days. Results. In male rats, the serum levels of total NO metabolites (NOx) and nitrite were increased significantly (P<0.05) by CP. However, vitamin E significantly reduced the serum levels of these metabolites, which was increased by administration of CP (P<0.05), and such findings were not observed for female rats. The EPO or NAC did not influence NO metabolites neither in male rats nor in female rats. Conclusion. Although vitamin E, EPO, and NAC are reported to be nephroprotectant agents against CP-induced nephrotoxicity, only vitamin E could reduce the level of all NO metabolites only in male rats.

Effect of low doses of continuously administered catecholoestrogens on peripheral and central target organs

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ball ◽  
Günter Emons ◽  
Ulrich Gethmann
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Lh Release

Abstract. Osmotic minipumps containing low doses of either 4-hydroxyoestradiol or 2-hydroxyoestradiol2) were sc implanted for 152 h (6⅓ day) into immature male and female rats. At the end of the test period the animals were killed and the uterine weight, the vaginal opening, the gonadotrophin serum levels and the gonadal weight monitored. The following results were obtained: 1) a significant increase in the uterine weight and a consistent vaginal opening were observed after 4-hydroxyoestradiol but not after 2-hydroxyoestradiol treatment, 2) LH-levels increased after 2-hydroxyoestradiol but not after 4-hydroxyoestradiol; the increase was, however, not significant, 3) FSH-levels and gonadal weights were lowered by 4-hydroxyoestradiol treatment in male animals only; 2-hydroxyoestradiol had no effect on FSH-levels in both sexes, 4) in no instance an antioestrogenic effect of either catecholoestrogen was observed. It is concluded that 4-hydroxyoestrogens — using the above paradigm — have a significant importance on uterine growth and vaginal opening but (on day 6) no role on LH-release, whereas 2-hydroxyoestrogens may increase LH levels (on day 6) but are nearly ineffective with respect to peripheral parameters.

scholarly journals Sex-specific vascular responses of the rat aorta: effects of moderate term (intermediate stage) streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Han ◽  
Sonali Shaligram ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Leigh Anderson ◽  
Roshanak Rahimian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Hyperglycemia affects male and female vascular beds differently. We have previously shown that 1 week after the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ), male and female rats exhibit differences in aortic endothelial function. To examine this phenomenon further, aortic responses were studied in male and female rats 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes (intermediate stage). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured in phenylephrine (PE) pre-contracted rat aortic rings. Concentration response curves to PE were generated before and after L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Furthermore, mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase subunit (Nox1) were determined. At 8 weeks, diabetes impaired EDV to a greater extent in female than male aortae. Furthermore, the responsiveness to PE was significantly enhanced only in female diabetic rats, and basal NO, as indicated by the potentiation of the response to PE after L-NAME, was reduced in female diabetic rat aortae to the same levels as in males. In addition, eNOS mRNA expression was decreased, while the Nox1 expression was significantly enhanced in diabetic female rats. These results suggest that aortic function in female diabetic rats after 8 weeks exhibits a more prominent impairment and that NO may be involved.

scholarly journals Impact of Gender and Age on Hyperthermia-Induced Changes in Respiration of Liver Mitochondria

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Šilkūnienė ◽  
Rasa Žūkienė ◽  
Zita Naučienė ◽  
Laima Degutytė-Fomins ◽  
Vida Mildažienė
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gender Dependence ◽  
Malate Oxidation

Aim: This study aimed to compare hyperthermia-induced changes in respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver mitochondria derived from animals of different gender and age. Methods: The effects of hyperthermia (40–47 °C) on oxidation of different substrates and ROS production were estimated in mitochondria isolated from the liver of male and female rats of the 1–1.5, 3–4, or 6–7 months age. Results: Gender-dependent differences in response of respiration to hyperthermia were the highest at 3–4 months of age, less so at 6–7 months of age, and only minor at juvenile age. Mild hyperthermia (40–42 °C) stimulated pyruvate + malate oxidation in mitochondria of females, but inhibited in mitochondria of males in the 3–4 month age group. The resistance of mitochondrial membrane to hyperthermia was the highest at 3–4 month males, and the lowest in the 6–7 month age group. Inhibition of glutamate + malate oxidation by hyperthermia was caused by thermal inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase. ROS generation at 37 °C was higher at 1–1.5 month of age, but the increase in ROS generation with rise in temperature in this age group was the smallest, and the strongest in 6–7 month old animals of both genders. Conclusions: The response to hyperthermia varies during the first 6–7 months of life of experimental animals: stronger gender dependence is characteristic at 3–4 months of age, while mitochondria from 6–7 months animals are less resistant to hyperthermia.

scholarly journals Hydration with Mannitol and Dextrose May Promote Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Test of Five Protocols of Hydration during Cisplatin Therapy in Rat Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Sedigh Khosravi ◽  
Alireza Samimiat ◽  
Bahar Mazaheri ◽  
Farzaneh Ashrafi ◽  
Ardeshir Talebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Solid Tumor Therapy ◽  
Cisplatin Therapy

Backgrounds. Cisplatin (CP) still is a novel choice for solid tumor therapy, but it is accompanied with the side effect of nephrotoxicity. Hydration may reduce the risk of CP-induced nephrotoxicity, while the issue is still challenging. In this study, five types of hydration protocols including saline, mannitol, dextrose saline, saline plus furosemide, and saline plus mannitol were examined in both sexes of rats during CP therapy. Methods. Seventy-six male and female Wistar rats in 14 groups of experiments were subjected to CP therapy, and five types of hydration protocols were implemented, and the induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated via biochemical markers, kidney function parameters, and pathology investigation. Results. Male and female rats had different responses to hydration protocol types. The higher mortality rate was seen in female rats that received mannitol or dextrose hydration types. In addition, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) and sodium excretion fraction (ENa%) increased and the clearance of Cr (ClCr) decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in female rats hydrated with saline plus furosemide or mannitol plus saline-treated groups. The worsened condition in male rats is observed in the mannitol hydration group with a significant decrease of ClCr and significant increase of serum BUN and Cr and ENa% ( P < 0.05 ). The higher kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) in the mentioned groups verified the findings. Conclusion. Hydration with mannitol or dextrose promotes the risk of nephrotoxicity during CP therapy with more intensity on the female.

DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF CASTRATION ON LH AND FSH SECRETION IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zanisi ◽  
L. Martini
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT Serum levels of LH and of FSH have been measured using specific radioimmunological procedures in normal controls and in male and female rats submitted to castration 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days before. Gonadectomy is followed by a rapid increase of serum levels of LH in males, and by a delayed response in females. The responses of serum FSH to castration are quantitatively and qualitatively similar in the two sexes. Both in males and in females an elevation of serum FSH levels is already present 1 day after the operation. Serum FSH continues to rise, between post-castration days 1 and 7 with a rather rapid slope, and at later intervals with a smoother progression.

Triiodothyronine attenuates the progression of renal injury in a rat model of chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar M. El Agaty
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Remnant Kidney

This study was designed to investigate whether and how triiodothyronine (T3) affects renal function in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease. Twenty-four female rats were divided into the following groups: sham-operated control group (n = 8), 5/6 nephrectomized group (Nx, n = 8), and 5/6 nephrectomized group treated with T3 for 2 weeks (T3-Nx, n = 8). T3 administration significantly decreased serum levels of urea, creatinine, tumour necrosis factorα, and interleukin-6 compared with serum levels in the Nx group. The levels of malondialdehyde, transforming growth factor β, fibronectin, and collagen IV, as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor κB, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3, and Bax were all significantly decreased, though not normalized, in the remnant kidney of rats in the T3-Nx group compared with Nx rats. Glutathione, heme oxygenase-1 levels, as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression were increased in the remnant kidney of the T3-Nx group. Histological studies revealed focal necrosis of renal tubules associated with inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the Nx group. These changes were alleviated in T3-Nx rats. This study showed that T3 administration attenuated the clinical and histological signs of renal injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by mitigating renal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis.

EFFECT OF RATE CORROSION OF Mg AND Mg ALLOY ON RENAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Laco ◽  
Andrej Barta ◽  
Marina Cebová ◽  
Miroslav Čavojský ◽  
František Simančík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity

SOME ASPECTS OF ZONATION AND FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
A. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Outer Part ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Zona Reticularis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Glomerulosa Cells ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY The adrenal of male and female rats with persistent diabetes insipidus showed a prominent zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. The zona glomerulosa was narrow or absent. The results from this and the preceding three papers are here reviewed together. It is concluded that control of salt-electrolyte metabolism cannot be ascribed to the zona glomerulosa. It is probable that the zona fasciculata is reponsible for most of the adrenocortical secretions. The zona glomerulosa is a vegetative back-water of cells, which is able to produce minimal amounts of adrenocortical secretions without stimulation by pituitary hormones, but is only of significance when the latter are absent. Rising amounts of circulating adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) can transform the zona glomerulosa into actively secreting cells of the zona fasciculata type. After cessation of such activity the zona glomerulosa re-forms, as the amount of ACTH will maintain only a certain volume of zona fasciculata (and zona reticularis) against the rigid limiting inner circumference formed by the medulla; some of the cells derived from the chief area of cell division in the outer part of the zona fasciculata do not mature to cells of the zona fasciculata type, but form zona glomerulosa cells. It is thought that cell migration occurs from the cells of the outer region of the zona fasciculata to the zona reticularis and that this is, normally, a slow process.

PREVENTION OF CENTRAL DEFEMINIZATION BUT NOT MASCULINIZATION IN MALE RATS BY INHIBITION NEONATALLY OF OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. M. VREEBURG ◽  
PAULA D. M. VAN DER VAART ◽  
P. VAN DER SCHOOT
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

SUMMARY An inhibitor of aromatization, androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (ATD), was administered to newborn male and female rats and various parameters of gonadal and sexual function were examined in adulthood. Males injected with 1 mg ATD on the day of birth (day 1) and on days 3, 5, 10 and 15 postnatally, subsequently (day 55) showed normal male and female copulatory behaviour, but were not able to maintain cyclicity in ovarian transplants. When the ATD was administered by Silastic implants, however, cyclicity in ovarian transplants did occur. Neither form of treatment brought about significant changes in neonatal plasma or testicular testosterone concentrations. Female rats implanted on day 3 of life with Silastic capsules containing ATD and then given an injection of 0·25 mg testosterone propionate on day 5 subsequently showed normal ovarian function, whereas the controls receiving only testosterone propionate showed persistent vaginal cornification, anovulation and polyfollicular ovaries. The results support the view that the central conversion of testicular androgens to oestrogens during the neonatal period is necessary to abolish cyclic gonadotrophin release and to suppress female copulatory behaviour.

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