scholarly journals Estimating pilots’ cognitive load from ocular parameters through simulation and in-flight studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Dilli Babu ◽  
D. V. JeevithaShree ◽  
Gowdham Prabhakar ◽  
Kamal Preet Singh Saluja ◽  
Abhay Pashilkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Longitudinal Tracking ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Base Variable ◽  
Military Pilots

Eye tracking is the process of measuring either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head. This paper investigated use of eye gaze trackers in military aviation environment to automatically estimate pilot’s cognitive load from ocular parameters. We used a fixed base variable stability flight simulator with longitudinal tracking task and collected data from 14 military pilots. In a second study, we undertook three test flights with a BAES Hawk Trainer aircraft doing air to ground attack training missions and constant G level turn maneuvers up to +5G. Our study found that ocular parameters like rate of fixation is significantly different in different flying conditions and significantly correlate with altitude gradient during air to ground dive training task, normal load factor (G) of the aircraft during constant G level turn maneuvers and pilot’s control inceptor and tracking error in simulation tasks. Results from our studies can be used for real time estimation of pilots’ cognitive load, providing suitable warnings and alerts to the pilot in cockpit and training of military pilots on cognitive load management during operational missions.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-RANGE TRAJECTORY FOR AN UNPOWERED FLIGHT VEHICLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6A) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Tuan Hung Pham ◽  
Duc Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Duc Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Flight Vehicle ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Normal Acceleration

This report presents problems of optimization of long-range trajectory for an unpowered flight vehicle at subsonic and transonic speed. The results may be recommended to have a new long range trajectory. The optimization problem is solved by numerical experiments while  the normal load factor (normal acceleration) is used as optimization variables with compliance to flight constraints. The focus problem of this study is the investigation of the possibility of trajectory expansion according to the criteria of the maximum range in the first stage of the trajectory.  

Attention-Aware Robotic Laparoscope Based on Fuzzy Interpretation of Eye-Gaze Patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songpo Li ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
Fernando J. Kim ◽  
Rodrigo Donalisio da Silva ◽  
Diedra Gustafson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Modern Medical Practice

Laparoscopic robots have been widely adopted in modern medical practice. However, explicitly interacting with these robots may increase the physical and cognitive load on the surgeon. An attention-aware robotic laparoscope system has been developed to free the surgeon from the technical limitations of visualization through the laparoscope. This system can implicitly recognize the surgeon's visual attention by interpreting the surgeon's natural eye movements using fuzzy logic and then automatically steer the laparoscope to focus on that viewing target. Experimental results show that this system can make the surgeon–robot interaction more effective, intuitive, and has the potential to make the execution of the surgery smoother and faster.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Dynamic Stability Characteristics for Jet Transport in Sudden Plunging Motion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghu Wang ◽  
Ray C. Chang ◽  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Unsteady Aerodynamics ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Motion Modes

Abstract The main objective of this article is to present a training program of loss control prevention for the airlines to enhance aviation safety and operational efficiency. The assessments of dynamic stability characteristics based on the approaches of oscillatory motion and eigenvalue motion modes for jet transport aircraft response to sudden plunging motions are demonstrated in this article. A twin-jet transport aircraft encountering severe clear-air turbulence in transonic flight during the descending phase will be examined as the study case. The flight results in sudden plunging motions with abrupt changes in attitude and gravitational acceleration (i.e. the normal load factor). Development of the required thrust and aerodynamic models with the flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling techniques will be presented. The oscillatory derivatives extracted from these aerodynamic models are then used in the study of variations in stability characteristics during the sudden plunging motion. The fuzzy-logic aerodynamic models are utilized to estimate the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics while performing numerical integration of flight dynamic equations. The eigenvalues of all motion modes are obtained during time integration. The present quantitative assessment method is an innovation to examine possible mitigation concepts of accident prevention and promote the understanding of aerodynamic responses of the jet transport aircraft.

Investigation of sloshing effects on dynamic response of an articulated vehicle carrying liquids

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Jalili ◽  
Mehrdad Motavasselolhagh ◽  
Rouhollah Fatehi ◽  
Mohammad Sefid
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Resultant Force ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Fluid Sloshing ◽  
Fill Volume ◽  
Articulated Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, the effects of braking on dynamics of an articulated vehicle carrying liquid have been examined. To investigate the interaction between the fluid and the vehicle, a model of an articulated vehicle with a two-axle semitrailer has been used. The articulated tank vehicle has been modeled as a multi-body system with seven degrees of freedom (DOF) for the truck and seven DOF for the semitrailer. Also, Euler and Laplace’s equations have been used to examine the longitudinal fluid slosh. Solving Euler’s equation, the pressure exerted by the fluid to the tanker at any moment has been calculated and the resultant force at any moment has been obtained. The equations of motions are solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta method. Using the simulation results, the effects of fluid density, fill volume of the tanker, and braking intensity on dynamical parameters of the vehicle have been studied. Simulation results showed that decrease in the fill volume leads to decrease in the dynamic normal load factor of the rear axle of the semitrailer. Also, comparison of frequency response of longitudinal resultant force of the liquid and longitudinal velocity of semitrailer shows that dominant frequency of oscillation of these parameters is equal. It can be concluded that fluid sloshing is one of the main factors of oscillation of the semitrailer body and the forces between tractor and semitrailer.

scholarly journals Variable rotor speed strategy for coaxial compound helicopters with lift–offset rotors

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (1271) ◽  
pp. 96-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yuan ◽  
D. Thomson ◽  
R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Flight Dynamics ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Inverse Simulation ◽  
Maneuvering Flight ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe coaxial compound helicopter with lift-offset rotors has been proposed as a concept for future high-performance rotorcraft. This helicopter usually utilizes a variable-speed rotor system to improve the high-speed performance and the cruise efficiency. A flight dynamics model of this helicopter associated with rotor speed governor/engine model is used in this article to investigate the effect of the rotor speed change and to study the variable rotor speed strategy. Firstly, the power-required results at various rotor rotational speeds are calculated. This comparison indicates that choice of rotor speed can reduce the power consumption, and the rotor speed has to be reduced in high-speed flight due to the compressibility effects at the blade tip region. Furthermore, the rotor speed strategy in trim is obtained by optimizing the power required. It is demonstrated that the variable rotor speed successfully improves the performance across the flight range, but especially in the mid-speed range, where the rotor speed strategy can reduce the overall power consumption by around 15%. To investigate the impact of the rotor speed strategy on the flight dynamics properties, the trim characteristics, the bandwidth and phase delay, and eigenvalues are investigated. It is shown that the reduction of the rotor speed alters the flight dynamics characteristics as it affects the stability, damping, and control power provided by the coaxial rotor. However, the handling qualities requirements are still satisfied with different rotor speed strategies. Finally, a rotor speed strategy associated with the collective pitch is designed for maneuvering flight considering the normal load factor. Inverse simulation is used to investigate this strategy on maneuverability in the Push-up & Pull-over Mission-Task-Element (MTE). It is shown that the helicopter can achieve Level 1 ratings with this rotor speed strategy. In addition, the rotor speed strategy could further reduce the power consumption and pilot workload during the maneuver.

Adaptive control of free-floating manipulator in presence of stochastic input disturbances and unknown dynamical parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110105
Author(s):  
Masoud Seyed Sakha ◽  
Hamed Kharrati ◽  
Farhad Mehdifar
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Small Neighborhood ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Random Disturbances ◽  
Dynamical Parameters ◽  
Stochastic Input

The trajectory tracking problem of a free-floating manipulator with dynamical uncertainties and stochastic input disturbances is solved in this study. First, the free-floating manipulator is mapped to a conventional fixed base dynamically equivalent manipulator. Then, by using the well-known properties of a revolute joint manipulator and taking into account the random disturbances with unknown power spectral density in control inputs, an adaptive controller scheme is developed. The proposed technique uses the exponential practical stability concept which guarantees that the tracking error and its derivative converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero by appropriate tuning of the controller’s parameters. It is noteworthy that the proposed controller does not need any physical parameters of the robot. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness and capability of the proposed method for trajectory tracking in the presence of unknown stochastic input disturbances and dynamical uncertainties.

scholarly journals Effects of Neuro-Cognitive Load on Learning Transfer Using a Virtual Reality-Based Driving System

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Usman Alhaji Abdurrahman ◽  
Shih-Ching Yeh ◽  
Yunying Wong ◽  
Liang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Transfer ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Driving System ◽  
User Classification ◽  
Multimodal Data Fusion

Understanding the ways different people perceive and apply acquired knowledge, especially when driving, is an important area of study. This study introduced a novel virtual reality (VR)-based driving system to determine the effects of neuro-cognitive load on learning transfer. In the experiment, easy and difficult routes were introduced to the participants, and the VR system is capable of recording eye-gaze, pupil dilation, heart rate, as well as driving performance data. So, the main purpose here is to apply multimodal data fusion, several machine learning algorithms, and strategic analytic methods to measure neurocognitive load for user classification. A total of ninety-eight (98) university students participated in the experiment, in which forty-nine (49) were male participants and forty-nine (49) were female participants. The results showed that data fusion methods achieved higher accuracy compared to other classification methods. These findings highlight the importance of physiological monitoring to measure mental workload during the process of learning transfer.

Tire-Ground Normal Force Estimation From Vehicle System Identification and Parameter Estimation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Kolansky ◽  
Corina Sandu ◽  
Schalk Els
Keyword(s):  
Normal Force ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Force Estimation ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Real Time Estimation

Ground vehicle stability controllers can be significantly improved through knowledge of the vehicle’s tire-ground normal force. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept study of such an estimator. The method involves work from two previous methods that perform real-time estimation of the vehicle’s mass and horizontal CG position. Inclusion of the previous work provides the foundation for a comprehensive method that estimates the tire-ground normal load of a ground vehicle that is invariant with respect to the vehicle parameters.

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