scholarly journals FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY INDEX OF SPECIES OF HERBAL COVER UNDER THE TREE CANOPY OF 30-YEARS SPRUCE CULTURES IN THE MIDDLE URALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
G. G. Terekhov ◽  
◽  
E. M. Andreeva ◽  
S. K. Stetsenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Small Frequency ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Frequency Index

The results of studies of the species composition of the grass cover with a tree canopy density of 0.3 - 0.7 in areas of 30-year-old spruce cultures planted in the types of herbs and green mosses spruce forest and berry spruce-pine forest were given. The materials of study showed that the species composition was more numerous in the first type of forest, 91 species of the vascular herbaceous plants belonging to 34 families, 72 genera were noted; in the second type of forest – 63 species belonging to 32 families and 57 genera. The species of the herbaceous plants of rather small frequency (their shares were 70 and 57%) prevailed. At the same time, in both types of forests 42 species of the same herbaceous plants were found. The majority of the studied herbaceous plants in both types of forests were mesophytes (77 and 95%), the proportion of hygrophytes was higher in the spruce forest of herbs and green mosses. Of the total number of species noted in these types of forests, 85 species were medicinal and 4 species were rare for the Sverd-lovsk region.

Spray Volume, Canopy Density, and Other Factors Involved in Thinner Efficacy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553d-553
Author(s):  
C.R. Unrath
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
The North ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water Volumes

Historically, most airblast chemical applications to apple orchards used a single “average” water volume, resulting in variability of coverage with tree size and also the greatest variable in chemical thinning. This coverage variability can be eliminated by properly quantifying the tree canopy, as tree row volume (TRV), and relating that volume to airblast water rate for adequate coverge. Maximum typical tree height, cross-row limb spread, and between-row spacing are used to quantify the TRV. Further refinement is achieved by adjusting the water volume for tree canopy density. The North Carolina TRV model allows a density adjustment from 0.7 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for young, very open tree canopies to 1.0 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for large, thick tree canopies to deliver a full dilute application for maximum water application (to the point of run-off). Most dilute pesticide applications use 70% of full dilute to approach the point of drip (pesticide dilute) to not waste chemicals and reduce non-target environmental exposure. From the “chemical load” (i.e., lb/acre) calculated for the pesticide dilute application, the proper chemical load for lower (concentrate) water volumes can be accurately determined. Another significant source of variability is thinner application response is spray distribution to various areas of the tree. This variability is related to tree configuration, light, levels, fruit set, and natural thinning vs. the need for chemical thinning. Required water delivery patterns are a function of tree size, form, spacing, and density, as well as sprayer design (no. of nozzles and fan size). The TRV model, density adjustments, and nozzle patterns to effectively hit the target for uniform crop load will be addressed.

Structure and Regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) Forests in Shiwalik Region of Kumaun Himalaya, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bhawna Adhikari ◽  
◽  
Bhawana Kapkoti ◽  
Neelu Lodhiyal ◽  
L.S. Lodhiyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Kumaun Himalaya ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Sal Forest

Present study was carried out to assess the structure and regeneration of Sal forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetation analysis and tree canopy density was determined by using quadrat and densitometer, respectively. Density of seedlings, saplings and trees was 490-14067, 37-1233, and 273-863 ind.ha-1 respectively. The basal area was 0.12-5.44 m2 ha-1 reported for saplings and 25.4-77.6 m2 ha-1 for trees. Regeneration of Sal was found good in Sal mixed dense forest followed by Sal open forest and Sal dense forest, respectively. Regeneration of Sal was assisted by the presence of associated tree species as well as the sufficient sunlight availability on ground due to adequate opening of canopy trees in Sal forest. Thus it is concluded that the density of tree canopy, sunlight availability and also associated tree species impacted the regeneration of Sal in the region.

scholarly journals Phyllostomidae assemblage (Chiroptera: Mammalia) in altitudinal forests at the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M. Mello ◽  
Pedro H. Nobre ◽  
Marco A. Manhães ◽  
Alexmar S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Ecological Relevance ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus

ABSTRACT Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012) and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species) belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%), Artibeus lituratus (8.7%) and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%). The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.

scholarly journals Desmid algae (Charophyta: Conjugatophyceae) of Ekaterinburg, Middle Urals, Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Andrei S. Shakhmatov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Pavlovskiy ◽  
Alexander G. Paukov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals

Species composition of desmid algae and their habitat preferences in water bodies of Ekaterinburg city were studied during the 2013–2017. Thirty-seven species and subspecific taxa which belong to 12 genera and 2 families were identified, of which 17 species are new for the eastern macroslope of the Middle Urals. Canonical correspondence analysis, which was performed to reveal habitat preferences, demonstrates that the majority of analyzed species prefer quarry lakes, ponds and overgrown lake shores, contrary to fens and rivers.

Bryophyte species and communities on various roofing materials, Estonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elle Rajandu ◽  
Tiina Elvisto ◽  
Hanna-Liisa Kappel ◽  
Marko Kaasik
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Fibre Cement ◽  
Roofing Materials

Considering the recent growth of interest in using mosses in creating vegetated green roofs, we set the aim of our study to get an overview of the variety of moss and liverwort species and communities growing spontaneously on roofs. Data were collected from 67 roofs of five different types of materials: fibre cement, bitumen, stone, thatched and steel from Tallinn and rural areas on Hiiumaa Island and in South Estonia. Indicator species analysis, MRPP, cluster analysis and ordination methods (DCA, CCA) were used for data analysis. As a result of this research, generalist bryophytes occurring on all types of roofing materials were studied and bryophyte species characteristics for certain material types were identified. The thatched roofs differed most clearly from the other roof types in their species composition and had the highest species diversity. Stone and fibre cement roofs had similar species composition. The results revealed significant dependence of the composition of the bryophyte flora on roofs on the density of the bryophyte carpet formed over time on the roof and the presence of a tree canopy above the roof. Other important factors were roof relief, the height of the roof from the ground and the indicator of environmental pollution NOx. However, the studied roofs in Tallinn and rural areas did not show significant differences in the species composition of bryophytes. Five communities were delimited: (1) Syntrichia ruralis – Schistidium apocarpum; (2) Orthotrichum speciosum – Bryum argenteum; (3) Brachythecium rutabulum – Hypnum cupressiforme; (4) Ceratodon purpureus – Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus; and (5) Pleurozium schreberi – Dicranum scoparium. The mentioned communities inhabited locations that differed in environmental conditions. The findings of this research can help choose the roofing material and species suitable for a certain location in creating moss greenery on roofs.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Sitakunda Ecopark, Chittagong, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Gazi Mosharof Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Plant Families

The present study dealt with the exploration and documentation of the floristic composition and phyto-diversity of Sitakunda Eco-park, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 412 vascular plant species under 315 genera belonging to 94 plant families have been recorded from the study area during February, 2013 to April, 2015. Out of these recorded taxa, 330 were dicotyledons, 62 were monocotyledons, 5 were gymnosperms and 15 were pteridophytes. Among those, the maximum 144 species belonged to herbs followed by 138, 75 and 55 species as trees, shrubs and climbers, respectively. The species composition among the plant families varied in plant groups. In dicotyledonous group, Euphorbiaceae appeared to be the largest family with 35 species, whereas Poaceae showed the largest family containing 30 species among monocotyledonous group. The highest values of both Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices have been observed as 3.82 and 0.98, respectively to site D during monsoon season, whereas the lowest values 3.19 and 0.95, respectively of these indices were recorded in site A during summer season.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 29-45, 2016 (June)

scholarly journals Vegetation changes in boreo–nemoral forest stands depending on soil factors and past land use during an 80 year period of no human impact

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Kokarēviča ◽  
Guntis Brūmelis ◽  
Raimonds Kasparinskis ◽  
Arta Rolava ◽  
Oļģerts Nikodemus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Forest Zone

Information on the long-term changes in plant communities that occur without human interference is limited, due to insufficient studies where vegetation can be resurveyed. In 1912, a strict nature protection reserve, with non-intervention management, was established on Moricsala Island in Latvia, located in the boreo–nemoral forest zone. Prior to establishment of the nature reserve, part of the island area was used for agriculture. The island is now covered almost entirely by forest dominated by Quercus robur L. and Tilia cordata Mill. on sandy soils. Resurvey was conducted in 2011 in 17 plots in which tree layers and the understory vegetation had been described in 1930. The plots were classified into two groups based on tree species composition in 1930 to determine changes in species composition. Differences in understory and tree canopy composition between these groups persisted over the period between the studies, in relation to soil factors and past stand history. Considerable turnover of species occurred, with a decrease of species typical of open habitats and replacement by species typical of nemoral (temperate deciduous) forest plant communities. In the past, Q. robur had likely established in open habitats created by agricultural land use or past fire but is presently not regenerating in the understory.

scholarly journals Influence of ground fires on the grass cover of birch forests of the Eltsovsky discrit of the Altai region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 00035
Author(s):  
Galina Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Birch Forests ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The article contains the results of research of influence of surface fire on the vegetation of birch forests in the Eltsovsky district of the Altai region. Changes in species composition and structure of birch stands after fires on the slopes of different exposures are considered. Groups of species were identified depending on the reaction to the action of ground fires.

Communities of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of naturally regenerating and salvage-logged montane spruce forests of Šumava Mountains

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kokořovǎ ◽  
Josef Starý
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Spruce Forests

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to describe and compare communities of oribatid mites of selected areas in montane spruce forests near Březník in the Šumava National Park, where different management strategies were used after the spruce dieback caused by massive bark beetle gradation more than 15 years ago. Naturally regenerating and salvage-logged areas were compared. Significant differences were found in the oribatid mite community composition between differently managed areas. The oribatid mite community in naturally regenerating areas was in better shape and its abundance and species composition was similar to the community of a control area in a mature and healthy spruce forest.

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