scholarly journals Possibility of obtaining high-alumina materials from industrial wastes of ceramic and refractory industry (Review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
I. D. Kascheev ◽  
K. G. Zemlyanoi
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Refractory Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Domestic Ceramic

The issues of obtaining aluminum oxide from man-made materials, the issues of differences in the structure, composition and properties of alumina obtained by different technological methods and the issues of providing high-alumina materials to the domestic ceramic, electronic and refractory industries are reviewed.

scholarly journals Methods to Improve the Quality of Ceramic Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 839 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Irina G. Endzhievskaya ◽  
Nina G. Vasilovskaya ◽  
Oksana V. Gofman ◽  
Nadezhda Y. Klindukh ◽  
Vladislav A. Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Mixture ◽  
High Alumina Content ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Technological Methods

This article presents the results of experimental studies aimed at improving the physicomechanical properties of effective hollow ceramic stones using various technological methods that will disperse, homogenize and structure the ceramic mixture by introducing industrial waste with high alumina content, dispersed reinforcement, and also mechanical activation of the molding material, accompanied by the fragmentation of clay particles to a colloidal degree of dispersion, allows eliminating the aging process. The main molding characteristics of the investigated mixtures were determined, X-ray phase analysis of ceramic masses and a shard of the control composition was performed and after dispersion, activation modes were worked out, strength characteristics of ceramic samples made of dispersed clay raw materials were determined.

scholarly journals PLASMOCHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF WALL BUILDING MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Bessmertnyy ◽  
O. Puchka ◽  
Diana Bondarenko ◽  
I. Antropova ◽  
Lyudmila Bragina
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Liquid Glass ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sodium Oxide ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Decorative Coating

the aim of the work is to study the effect of a high-temperature plasma torch on the processes of phase transformations and layer-by-layer modification of the protective and decorative coating on concrete using as a filler a mixture of quartz sand and hollow glass microspheres. The main tasks included: investigation of the processes of evaporation and thermal diffusion of oxides of plasma-coated coatings; study of phase transformations in the melt and its subsequent crystallization in the process of rapid spontaneous cooling of the fused protective and decorative coating; study of the effect of sodium liquid glass on the processes of polymorphic transformations of alumina and the formation of micro-wicks due to the intense diffusion of sodium oxide; study of operational characteristics of protective and decorative coatings. It was established that the initial phases in the protective-decorative coating are α-Al2O3 and CaO∙6Al2O3 (β-Al2O3), and the liquid sodium glass in the coating leads additionally to the formation of Na2O∙11Al2O3. The top layer of the protective and decorative coating is Na–Ca–Al–Si glass with regions of heterogeneities containing an increased content of sodium oxide. The content of aluminum oxide in the protective and decorative coating based on the battle of high-alumina refractory was 95.1 %. The introduction into the coating composition of sodium liquid glass minimizes the processes of dehydration of the binding component and changes the chemical composition of the protective and decorative coating. Reduction of the aluminum oxide content to 83.0 % affects the microhardness indicators. Microhardness of the concrete surface due to the introduction of liquid glass is reduced from 2510 HV to 887 HV.

OBTAINING EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT BRICKS BASED ON SLAG FROM THE SMELTING OF CARBON-FREE FERROCHROME AND SUBSTANDARD CLAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
V.Z. ABDRAKHIMOV ◽  
◽  
E.S. ABDRAKHIMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Clay Materials

In the Russian Federation, most low-melting clays used in the production of ceramic bricks have a low content of aluminum oxide (Al2O3=12-15%). With such a low content of aluminum oxide in clay materials, it is impossible to obtain bricks of grades M150 and higher from them. For the construction of load-bearing walls of the lower floors of high-rise buildings (15 floors or more), ceramic bricks of the M150-M300 brands are required. In such clay materials, to obtain earthquake-resistant bricks M150 and higher, it is necessary to introduce a thinning agent containing A12O3>50%. Taking into account the reduction of reserves of traditional high-alumina natural raw materials, it is necessary to find new ways to replace it with various types of waste. The experience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this direction and its application as a tool for protecting the natural environment from pollution. In this paper, instead of natural traditional desiccants, it is proposed to use slag from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome containing A12O3=55.8%. As a clay material, substandard beidellite clay was used, which is not suitable for the production of ceramic bricks without thinners. A ceramic earthquake-resistant brick M125-M175 was obtained on the basis of slag from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome and substandard clay in the temperature range of 1050-1100oC

scholarly journals Refractory Grade Bauxite: An Overview about the Effects of different Bauxite Sources and Forming Processes on the Quality of the Material

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Vitor Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
Luís Leonardo Horne Curimbaba Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Antônio dos Reis ◽  
Peter Miura Nakachima ◽  
André Luis Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Industry ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

Refractories have been very important for humankind development enabling the manufacturing of a wide range of materials. Primary industries demanding refractories include the manufacturing of steel, non-ferrous metals, glass, lime, cement, ceramics, petrochemicals and incineration. Refractory grade bauxites (RGBs) are high-alumina materials used as aggregates in shaped and unshaped refractory linings suitable to with stand high temperature heating and a corrosive environment. Despite the wide availability of bauxite ores in the world, few countries can supply a bauxite with refractory grades. Guyana, China and Brazil have emerged as suppliers for the refractory industry and the peculiarities of each bauxite from these countries impact directly on the refractory performance.

Review of methods of slag removal from melt surface in hot metal and steel ladles

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1243-1252
Author(s):  
B. A. Sivak ◽  
A. V. Protasov ◽  
L. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Settling Tank ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Slag Removal ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Technological Methods

The removal of slag from melt surface of hot metal and steel ladles is a necessary condition to provide a deep desulphurization and dephosphorization of hot metal and steel in the process of their processing. A review of methods of slag skimming presented, mainly based on slag mechanical shoveling and its removal out of ladles by vacuum sucking. It was shown, that manipulators design for the slag skimming working instrument moving depends on the production scale, mass of the processed heats, amount and properties of the slag to be removed, production process intensity and ecological requirements. Peculiarities of designs and technical parameters of machines for slag skimming presented, designed by Irkutsk plant of heavy machinery, Scientific and Production Enterprise n.a. M.I. Platov, VNIIMETMASH, Kuznetsk and Novolipetsk steel plants. Technological methods of control of slag composition and physical properties considered, first of all of viscosity and fluidity, which have significant effect on selection of a method of slag skimming. Advantages and drawbacks of actions, aimed at more complete slag removal from metal surface by a scraper noted including bath blowing off by an inert gas, liquid slag tapping into am intermediate settling tank following its removal into a slag bowl. In case of satisfactory fluidity it is possible to slag removal by vacuum sucking, which at the same time promoted the melt degassing. Work done in this area abroad noted. Methods of vacuum slag removal developed in the USA and Japan described.

Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
K. Węglarzy ◽  
Yu. Shliva ◽  
B. Matros ◽  
G. Sych
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

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