scholarly journals The role of integrated assessment of the indicators of external respiration function in cardiac surgical patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
O V Kamenskaja ◽  
A S Klinkova ◽  
I Ju Loginova ◽  
V V Lomivorotov ◽  
D N Ponomarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Body Plethysmography ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Respiration Function

This literature review dedicated to the importance of an integrated assessment of external respiratory function in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including an analysis of up-to-date techniques, such as spirometry, body plethysmography, examination of the diffusing capacity of the lung, determination of O2 consumption with evaluation of the effectiveness of pulmonary ventilation. It considers the pathogenetic components of impairments in pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange, which develop in different CVDs, as well as during and after cardiac surgery. The authors analyze the results of international investigations and their own experience, which emphasize the prognostic value of lung function tests and suggest that there is a need for a comprehensive functional assessment of the respiratory system in cardiac surgical patients for their effective preoperative preparation, assessment and reduction of operational risks, and improvement of the prognosis of surgical treatment.

Clinical-pathogenetic significance of middle mass molecules of different fractions in pulmonary expirates of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O.V. Syniachenko ◽  
M.V. Iermolaieva ◽  
T.Yu. Aliieva ◽  
K.V. Liventsova ◽  
S.M. Verzilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
High Degree

Objective — to establish the clinical and pathogenetic role of the isolation of the middle mass molecules of different fractions (aminopeptide — AF, peptide — PF, nucleotide — NF, chromatophore — CF) in exhaled breath concentrate (EBC) in pneumonitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, their relationship with the parameters of respiratory moisture excretion, spirography and pressure in the pulmonary artery. Materials and methods. EBC (pulmonary expirates) were studied in 31 patients with RA (mean age 46 years, the ratio of men to women 1 : 2), among whom moderate and high degree of disease activity was established in 67.7 % of cases, III and IV stages — in 54.8 %, the extra­articular form of the disease — in 61.3 %, systemic osteoporosis — in 83.9 %, seropositivity for rheumatoid factor — in 80.7 %, for antibodies to cyclic citrullined peptide — in 77.4 %. To determine the middle mass molecules in the expirates and blood serum, a screening method was used with the precipitation of proteins with trichloroacetic acid and the determination of the light absorption spectra of the acid­soluble fraction. Results and discussion. Interstitial pneumonitis was diagnosed in 51.6 % of the number of RA patients, which was accompanied by fibrosing alveolitis in 18.8 % of cases, rheumatoid nodules in the lungs — in 12.5 %, obliterating bronchiolitis — in 6.3 %, with the ratio of restrictive, mixed and obstructive types of dysfunctions of external respiration 6 : 2 : 1, while the disease proceeded with a significant increase in AF indicators in 74.2 % of patients and the ratio «EBC/blood» (e/b) PF level in 77.4 % against the background of a decrease in AFe/b (at 71.0 %), NFe/b (at 54.8 %, CFe/b (at 74.2 %) and the ratio of surface tension caused by high­ and low­molecular substances in 83.9 %, and the composition of expirates was closely interrelated with the state of hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation and bronchopermeability, depended on the rate and volume of respiratory moisture release, long­term use in the complex treatment of patients with an immunosuppressant of cytotoxic action, folic acid antagonist methotrexate. Conclusions. The nature of the respiratory excretion of middle mass molecules of different fractions determines the pathogenesis of pneumopathy in RA patients, which depends on the clinical, radiological and sonographic signs of the disease, and the study of EBC can be used to predict the course of the pathological process and monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

scholarly journals The role of diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction in patients with thoracic trauma with polytrauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
O. V. Boiko ◽  
Yu.V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Trauma ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
Prognostic Criterion ◽  
Respiration Function

Annotation. Combined thoracic trauma is one of the most unfavorable in determining the prognosis in patients with polytrauma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the informativeness of the spirography method in patients with concomitant thoracic trauma as a prognostic criterion for the severity of the course of traumatic disease and the effect of the proposed modifications of the intensive care algorithm on treatment results. A study of the state of indicators of the function of external respiration was carried out using the method of spirography in 92 patients with concomitant thoracic trauma. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the foreseen leading pathogenetic mechanism of respiratory failure in all periods of traumatic illness. The effect of additional administration of ceruloplasmin solution, solution of D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate sodium salt hydrate solution was compared with the classical algorithm of intensive therapy. The effect of the proposed treatment was assessed 30 days after receiving polytrauma and the parameters of the external respiration function were compared with the data obtained in conditionally healthy volunteers. It was determined that the addition of a solution of ceruloplasmin to the algorithm of intensive therapy, the leading mechanism of action of which is the effect on oxidative stress, is the most pathogenetically determined in patients with concomitant thoracic trauma in polytrauma, which is confirmed by the most restored indicators of the function of external respiration in them, determined using spirography on the 30th day of observation. The data obtained are important in determining the prognosis of the course of traumatic illness and planning a rehabilitation program in patients with concomitant thoracic trauma.

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

On The Mechanism Of Heparin-Induced Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamamoto ◽  
K Watanabe ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
H Iri ◽  
N Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Plasma Heparin

It has been suggested that heparin caused potentiation of aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced platelet activation, however, remained unknown. In this paper, we have investigated the role of anti-thrombin III ( AT ) in heparin-induced platelet activation using purified AT and AT depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated PRP one minute after addition of heparin ( 1 u/ml, porcine intestinal mucosal heparin, Sigma Co. USA ), marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, in platelet suspensions prepared in modified Tyrode’s solution, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Potentiation of epinephrine- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation by heparin was demonstrated when purified AT was added to platelet suspensions at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. AT depleted plasma, which was prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT, retained no AT, while determination of α1-antitrypsinα2- macroglobulin and fibrinogen in AT depleted plasma produced values which corresponded to those of the original plasma when dilution factor was taken into account. The activities of coagulation factors were also comparable to those of the original plasma. Heparin exhibited potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets in original plasma, but no effect in AT depleted plasma. When purified AT was added back to AT depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated.Our results suggest that effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by anti-thrombin III.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ В СУЧАСНІЙ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Анжеліка Шамне
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Self Motion

У статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до інтерпретації категорії розвитку, розкрито теоретичні  та методологічні підходи до вивчення категорії розвитку у сучасній психології, визначено її психологічний  зміст,   моделі,   структуру   та   динаміку.   Категорія   розвитку   розглядається   як   епіцентр   наукової  проблематики у психології та як поняття інтегративного типу. Розвиток проаналізовано як категорію,  явище і проблему психології розвитку в різних аспектах аналізу. Розглянуто місце розвитку в системі  споріднених психологічних понять. У статті також аналізуються психологічні аспекти теоретичних та  методологічних  постнекласичних  тенденцій  вивчення  природи,  характеру  та  визначення  психічного  розвитку. Постнекласична парадигма та плюралістична методологія пізнання визначають розмитість  дисциплінарної мови  та  врахування  ролі  соціокультурного  контексту  при  вивченні  психологічних явищ.  Важливими тенденціями сучасного теоретико-методологічного стану психологічних досліджень розвитку  також є визнання неефективності моністичного підходу до його вивчення, взаємозв'язок теоретичних ідей  та   спроби   створення   метатеоретичних   схем,   постнекласичне   розуміння   розвитку   як   принципово  незавершеного   процесу   саморуху,   актуалізація   антропологічного   діапазону   проблем   та   посилення  спрямованості на роль культурного контексту в дослідженні розвитку людини.  The article deals with the modern approaches to the interpretation of the category of development, reveals  the theoretical and methodological approaches to study of development in modern psychology, its psychological  content, patterns, structure and dynamics. Category of development is viewed as an epicenter of scientific issues in  modern  psychology  and  the  concept  of  the  integrative  type.  Category  of  development  is  considered  as  the  phenomenon  and  the  problem  of  developmental  psychology  in  various  aspects  of  the  analysis.  Analyzed  the  development site in the related psychological concepts. The article analyzes the psychological aspects of theoretical  and methodological postnonclassical contemporary trends in the study of nature, character, and determination of  mental  development.  Postnonclassical  paradigm  and  pluralistic  methodology  of  knowledge  determine  the  disciplinary blurring and increase of the role of the analysis of socio-cultural context in the study of psychological  phenomenon. The important tendencies of modern theoretical and methodological state of psychological researches  of development are facts of inefficiency of the monistic approach to its study, interconnection of theoretical ideas  and   attempts   of  creating   metatheoretical   schemes,   postnonclassical   understanding   of   development   as   a  fundamentally  uncompleted  process  of  self-motion,  actualization  of  anthropological  range  of  problems  and  strengthening of focus on the role of cultural context in research of human development.   

Role of the family focused technologies in the clinical course of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Vdovichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Individual Preparation

The objective: to show a role of the family focused technologies in depression of frequency of pathology of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk. Patients and methods. For determination of efficiency of prophylaxis of pathology of pregnancy on the basis of use of the family focused technologies complex clinical-psychological and laboratory and tool examination of 300 women with factors of obstetric risk which were divided into two groups was conducted. In the main group – 182 women with motivation on partner labors to which provided training on system of individual preparation of married couple to labors. The comparison group consisted of 118 women who were not in prenatal training and had individual support in childbirth, with the traditional approach to pain management. Results. Use of the family focused technologies during pregnancy allows to reduce significantly the frequency of the main complications of pregnancy, especially not incubation and premature births. Conclusion. In our opinion, the technique is simple, available and can widely be used in practical health care at women with high obstetric risk. Key words: obstetric risk, the family focused technologies, prophylaxis.

PERANAN INSPEKTORAT KABUPATENSUMENEP DALAM MENCEGAH DAN MENDETEKSI FRAUD DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN SUMENEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Furqani ◽  
Hafidhah .
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Government

In this era, a lot of activities that can not be separated from the practice of cheating or fraud , no exception In the government . Inspektorat Sumenep is the leading institution of internal Local Government in preventing and detecting fraud in the Local Government appropiate Perbup Sumenep No. 29 of 2008 . Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep need attention on the issue . This is due to Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep an agency with the largest number of assets and managing large budgets . These conditions led to the formulation of the problem is How Inspektorat Sumenep role in preventing and detecting fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep. This study used a qualitative approach in which the focus of this study is Inspektorat role in preventing and detecting fraud at Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . Primary data obtained by direct interviews with the parties directly related to the determination of the source of research data in a qualitative study using nonprobability sampling . The sampling technique used was purposive sampling . The conclusion of this study, role of the Inspektorat Sumenep in the prevention of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep still not maximal . This is due to Inspektorat Sumenep not supervise from the planning / budgeting and not optimal in overseeing and assisting the implementation of the SPIP as an instrument of fraud prevention in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . The role of Inspektorat Sumenep in the detection of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep done by conducting an audit of financial and asset management in each financial year.Keywords: fraud, government, inspektorat.

Urban Wastewater Discharge and Bacteriological Quality of Receiving Coastal Waters: Processes and Modelling

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
J.-F. Guillaud ◽  
M. Pommepuy ◽  
E. Dupray ◽  
J.-C. Salomon ◽  
B. Thouvenin
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Bacteria Transport

The aim of this paper is to present some results of bacterial studies which were developed by IFREMER in coastal discharge areas of urban wastewaters; they are focused on the determination of bacterial inputs by wastewater treatment plants, the role of environmental factors on the enteric bacteria survival in the coastal zone, and the modelling of bacteria transport and disappearance in order to provide useful management information for minimizing faecal pollution in the coastal zone.

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