scholarly journals METHODS OF RISK ASSESSMENT AT EARLY STAGE OF RADIATION ACCIDENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Valeriy I. Larionov ◽  
Anatoliy A. Aleksandrov ◽  
Sergey P. Sushchev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radiation Accident

scholarly journals Incorporating biomarkers in ecological risk assessment of chemical contaminants of soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-137
Author(s):  
A. J. Reinecke ◽  
S. A. Reinecke ◽  
M. S. Maboeta ◽  
J. P. Odendaal ◽  
R. Snyman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
South African ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Response ◽  
Future Research Directions

Soil is an important but complex natural resource which is increasingly used as sink for chemicals. The monitoring of soil quality and the assessment of risks posed by contaminants have become crucial. This study deals with the potential use of biomarkers in the monitoring of soils and the assessment of risk resulting from contamination. Apart from an overview of the existing literature on biomarkers, the results of various of our field experiments in South African soils are discussed. Biomarkers may have potential in the assessment of risk because they can indicate at an early stage that exposure has taken place and that a toxic response has been initiated. It is therefore expected that early biomarkers will play an increasing role as diagnostic tools for determining exposure to chemicals and the resulting effects. They may have predictive value that can assist in the prevention or minimising of risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities of using our results on biomarker responses of soil dwelling organisms to predict changes at higher organisational levels (which may have ecological implications). Our recent experimental results on the evaluation of various biomarkers in both the laboratory and the field are interpreted and placed in perspective within the broader framework of response biology. The aim was further to contribute to the development and application of biomarkers in regulatory risk assessment schemes of soils. This critical review of our own and recent literature on biomarkers in ecotoxicology leads to the conclusion that biomarkers can, under certain conditions, be useful tools in risk assessment. Clear relationships between contamination loads in soil organisms and certain biomarker responses were determined in woodlice, earthworms and terrestrial snails. Clear correlations were also established in field experiments between biomarker responses and changes at the population level. This indicated that, in spite of the fact that direct mechanistic links are still not clarified, biomarkers may have the potential to provide early indications of forthcoming changes at higher organisational levels. Ways are proposed in which biomarkers could be used in the future in risk assessment schemes of soils and future research directions are suggested. 

Teaching New Dogs Old Tricks

2019 ◽  
pp. 479-496
Author(s):  
Neal Duckworth ◽  
Eugenie de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
The Past

This chapter discusses how the basics of espionage have remained the same, even in the digital age. The pendulum of espionage--and protection from it--has swung wide over the past century. Different public and private sectors have renewed focus on not only cyber protections, but on increased physical protection of critical assets and ensuring trusted personnel in the workforce. Within this chapter, the authors review the basics of protecting critical assets to ensure that changes in espionage can be mitigated at an early stage. While the techniques of espionage have many variables, especially in a digital age, the authors have established that the use of a risk assessment that focuses on identifying the threats, the specific variables or methods of espionage, and developing and implementing mitigation measures is of the utmost importance.

Teaching New Dogs Old Tricks

2016 ◽  
pp. 78-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Duckworth ◽  
Eugenie de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
The Past

This chapter discusses how the basics of espionage have remained the same, even in the digital age. The pendulum of espionage--and protection from it--has swung wide over the past century. Different public and private sectors have renewed focus on not only cyber protections, but on increased physical protection of critical assets and ensuring trusted personnel in the workforce. Within this chapter, the authors review the basics of protecting critical assets to ensure that changes in espionage can be mitigated at an early stage. While the techniques of espionage have many variables, especially in a digital age, the authors have established that the use of a risk assessment that focuses on identifying the threats, the specific variables or methods of espionage, and developing and implementing mitigation measures is of the utmost importance.

scholarly journals Problem formulation for gene drive mosquitoes designed to reduce malaria transmission in Africa: results from four regional consultations 2016–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Teem ◽  
Aggrey Ambali ◽  
Barbara Glover ◽  
Jeremy Ouedraogo ◽  
Diran Makinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Protection Goals

Abstract Background Gene drive mosquitoes have been proposed as a possible means to reduce the transmission of malaria in Africa. Because this technology has no prior use-history at this time, environmental risk assessments for gene drive mosquitoes will benefit from problem formulation—an organized and ordered process to identify protection goals and potential pathways to harm to the environment, or animal or human health. Recognizing this need, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), with support from African and international partners, organized four regional consultative workshops in Africa to initiate this process. Methods The workshops were attended by a diverse set of participants and stakeholders, including scientists, ethicists, health professionals, government regulators in the fields of environment health and biosafety as well government policymakers, who met for 4 days to deliberate on protection goals and pathways relevant to the use of gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control. The goal of the workshops was not to produce a comprehensive and detailed environmental risk assessment of gene drive mosquitoes, but rather to introduce problem formulation as a tool to the stakeholder community, and to serve as a starting point for conducting systematic environmental risk assessments in the future, identifying protection goals related to gene drive mosquitoes that are particular to African stakeholders. Results Participants in the workshops frequently identified human health and biodiversity as being relevant broad protection goals. Results of the deliberations provide insight into the concerns of African participants at an early stage in the development of gene drive organism/products that should be instructive to developers using this technology. Conclusions In general, the African participants of the consultations had a precautionary perspective with regard to environmental risk assessment of gene drive technology. As gene drive technology develops, protection goals will become further refined and candidate products will be further defined. These workshops represent only the beginning of a continuing process that will ultimately inform environmental risk assessment for gene drive mosquitoes to control malaria in Africa.

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard warning and risk prediction based on inaccurate earthquake source parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuichiro Goda ◽  
Kamilla Abilova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Tsunami Warnings ◽  
Hazard Warning

Abstract. This study investigates the issues related to underestimation of the earthquake source parameters in the context of tsunami early warning and tsunami risk assessment. The magnitude of a very large event may be underestimated significantly during the early stage of the disaster, resulting in the issuance of incorrect tsunami warnings. Tsunamigenic events in the Tohoku region of Japan, where the 2011 tsunami occurred, are focused on as a case study to illustrate the significance of the problems. The effects of biases in the estimated earthquake magnitude on tsunami loss are investigated using a rigorous probabilistic tsunami loss calculation tool that can be applied to a range of earthquake magnitudes by accounting for uncertainties of earthquake source parameters (e.g., geometry, mean slip, and spatial slip distribution). The quantitative tsunami loss results provide valuable insights regarding the importance of deriving accurate seismic information as well as the potential biases of the anticipated tsunami consequences. Finally, the usefulness of rigorous tsunami risk assessment is discussed in defining critical hazard scenarios based on the potential consequences due to tsunami disasters.

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard warning and risk prediction based on inaccurate earthquake source parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 7487-7525
Author(s):  
K. Goda ◽  
K. Abilova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Tsunami Warnings ◽  
Hazard Warning

Abstract. This study investigates the issues related to underestimation of the earthquake source parameters in the context of tsunami early warning and tsunami risk assessment. The magnitude of a very large event may be underestimated significantly during the early stage of the disaster, resulting in the issuance of incorrect tsunami warnings. Tsunamigenic events in the Tohoku region of Japan, where the 2011 tsunami occurred, are focused on as a case study to illustrate the significance of the problems. The effects of biases in the estimated earthquake magnitude on tsunami loss are investigated using a rigorous probabilistic tsunami loss calculation tool that can be applied to a range of earthquake magnitudes by accounting for uncertainties of earthquake source parameters (e.g. geometry, mean slip, and spatial slip distribution). The quantitative tsunami loss results provide with valuable insights regarding the importance of deriving accurate seismic information as well as the potential biases of the anticipated tsunami consequences. Finally, usefulness of rigorous tsunami risk assessment is discussed in defining critical hazard scenarios based on the potential consequences due to tsunami disasters.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder and molecular imaging following environmental stress: Functional aspects of the risk using multi-omics

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-030
Author(s):  
Sandeep K Reddy ◽  
Bandar E Almansouri ◽  
Rehab A Alshammari ◽  
Nishat Anwar ◽  
Diane E Heck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Molecular Determinants

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by complicated phenotypic symptoms, including intervention with social activity, communication, and unusually behavioral abnormality. ASD is a lifelong developmental condition affecting one in 88 children and is considered one of today's most urgent public health challenges. Individuals with ASD tend to respond inappropriately in conversation and may struggle to build relationships. Currently, the prime cause of ASD remains unclear, even though emerging findings emphasize the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of autistic behavior could be examined. At present, risks such as exposure to unknown chemicals as an environmental factor in ASD are less appreciated. This review will discuss potential risks include air pollution and particle matters in alignment with detection strategies, like multidimensional Omics and the transcriptomic approach, which may empower the capability of predicting potential risk from gene expression to phenotype level as a hallmark of transformation outcome. In addition, this genomic-driven validation process saves time and quality of accuracy in the process of finding molecular determinants in the early stage of disease onset. Currently, the genomics era brings prediction models with various algorithms, and its intervention alternatives speed up to analyze the environmental risk of chemical stressors, such as hazardous chemicals, air pollutants, and/or nanoparticles, in compliance with regulatory measures of exploring molecular determinants associated with chronic disease and metabolic disorders. The value chain of disease prevention along with surveillance platform closely interacts with the prediction of risk assessment using a molecular-based platform. Efficacy of a sequential workout, including exploring, monitoring, and the translational application process in cellular or in vitro systems, could crosstalk with a transgenic animal model. Targeting molecule implication, such as gain- or loss-of-functional reverse genetic technology to verify its functional analysis, multi-dimensional omics could be beneficial in the field of environmental risk assessment, including safety evaluation: food and drug screening in ASD combined with imaging technology.

scholarly journals Requirements Prioritization using Risk Assessment for Analyzing Requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 785-791
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Requirements Analysis ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Requirements Prioritization ◽  
Analysis Process

Requirements elicited from requirements elicitation session with stakeholders are usually comes in bulk and it is impossible to execute them simultaneously. In addition, the requirements elicited are unfiltered and usually low quality including ambiguous, incomplete and unclear. The low quality of requirements are then refined in the next activity which is requirements analysis in requirements engineering. This paper aims to integrate requirements prioritization techniques focused on the factor of risk in requirements analysis since the early stage of requirements engineering. It is seems to have a little evidence on that requirements prioritization focus on the factor of risk in requirements based on our conducted literature review. This paper begins with elaboration on requirements prioritization, further to the aspects of requirements prioritization, criteria for best suited technique, a literature review on requirements prioritization techniques. We then proposed a framework for requirements analysis with the integration of requirements prioritization. A case study is elaborated for a better vision on the process of the proposed approach. Finally, this study is believed to produce a better quality of requirements from the requirements analysis process.

scholarly journals Correspondence model of occupational accidents

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Conte ◽  
Emilio A. Rubio ◽  
Ana I. García ◽  
Francisco J. Cano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Contingency Table ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Injury Group

We present a new generalized model for the diagnosis and prediction of accidents among the Spanish workforce. Based on observational data of the accident rate in all Spanish companies over eleven years (7,519,732 accidents), we classified them in a new risk-injury contingency table (19×19). Through correspondence analysis, we obtained a structure composed of three axes whose combination identifies three separate risk and injury groups, which we used as a general Spanish pattern. The most likely or frequent relationships between the risk and injuries identified in the pattern facilitated the decision-making process in companies at an early stage of risk assessment. Each risk-injury group has its own characteristics, which are understandable within the phenomenological framework of the accident. The main advantages of this model are its potential application to any other country and the feasibility of contrasting different country results. One limiting factor, however, is the need to set a common classification framework for risks and injuries to enhance comparison, a framework that does not exist today. The model aims to manage work-related accidents automatically at any level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document