scholarly journals Biomass production and nutritional properties of promising genotypes of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray under different environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Julián Esteban Rivera ◽  
Tomás E. Ruíz ◽  
Julián Chará ◽  
Juan Florencio Gómez-Leyva ◽  
Rolando Barahona
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Gxe Interaction ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Superior Genotypes

Tithonia diversifolia is a shrub with excellent forage characteristics that has shown a wide genetic and phenotypic diversity. The objective of this study was to determine the biomass production and nutritional quality of seven genotypes of T. diversifolia with outstanding characteristics for ruminant nutrition, to analyze the Genotype x Environment (GxE) interaction of biomass production and to compare the performance of these genotypes with grasses offered normally in tropical conditions. For the GxE interaction the AMMI and SREG models were used, and evaluations were made in three environments. In the GxE analysis, the interaction was significant and effects of the environment on biomass productivity were observed with differences between genotypes (p <0.05). In the three environments, the chemical composition was adequate to be offered to ruminants. It is worth noting the high content of crude protein (28.89 g/100 g of dry matter - DM), the low fiber content (30.95 g of neutral detergent fiber - NDF/100 g of DM) and the high percentages of in vitrodegradation of DM for all the genotypes. It is possible to conclude that there are superior genotypes of T. diversifolia with the ability to have good productive and adaptive performance for high-altitude and low-altitude zones with low fertility soils. 

scholarly journals Direct Assessment of Biomass Productivity in Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) with the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Case of Study in NE Part of Romania (Preliminary Results)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Iulian Constantin Dănilă
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
North East ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Destructive Methods

Short rotation forestry (SRF) provides an important supply of biomass for investors in this area. In the NE (North-East) part of Romania at the present time are installed over 800 Ha of this kind of crops. The SRF enjoys the support through environmental policies, in relation to climate change and the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. A precise estimate of biomass production is necessary for the sustainable planning of forest resources and for the exchange of energy in ecosystems. The use of the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in estimating the production of above ground wood biomass (AGWB) of short rotation forestry (SRF) brings an important technological leap among indirect (non-destructive) methods. TLS technology is justified when destructive methods become difficult to implement, and allometric equations do not provide accurate information. The main purpose of the research is to estimate the biomass productivity on tree parts in short rotation forestry with TLS technology. Measuring the hybrid poplars crops by TLS may have the following consequences: (1) Higher accuracy of the estimate of biomass production in the SRF; (2) cost and time effective measurements over the biomass of tree parts; (3) new and validated allometric equations for SRF in NE Romania; (4) solid instrument for industry to estimate biomass. TLS technology gives accurate estimates for DBH, tree height and location, as much as the volume on segments, commercial volume or crown volume can be determined. The accuracy of these values depends on the original scan data and their co-registration. The research will contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of hybrid crops.

scholarly journals Feed biomass production may not be sufficient to support emerging livestock demand: Model projections to 2050 in Southern Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolapo Enahoro ◽  
Jason Sircely ◽  
Randall B. Boone ◽  
Stephen Oloo ◽  
Adam M. Komarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
By Products

The demand for livestock-derived foods has steadily grown over the past decades and rising incomes and human populations are expected to see demand further increase. It is unclear if current livestock feed resources are adequately prepared to meet future demand especially given the looming challenges of climate change. Many feeds such as grasses, crop by-products, and other biomass may not be widely grown commercially or sold in formal markets but are critical sources of livestock feed in many low-resource settings in which ruminant livestock production is important. The availability of these feed types can determine the extent to which the livestock sector can expand to meet growing, and sometimes critical, demand for animal-source foods. In this paper, we compare country-level projections of livestock demand from a global economic model to simulated data on feed biomass production. Our comparisons account separately for beef, lamb, and dairy demand. The data allow us to assess the future sufficiency of key sources of feed biomass, and hence aspects of the expansion capacity of livestock production in selected countries in Southern Africa. Our simulation results project that given the interacting effects of projected climate change and changes in income and population in the region, there will not be enough feed biomass produced domestically to meet growing demand for livestock products. For three types of feed biomass (feed crops including grains, grasses, and crop by-products) for which future livestock feed sufficiency was examined, our results showed feed sufficiency declines for all three feed types in Malawi and Mozambique, for two out of three in South Africa and for one of three in Zambia, under intermediate and extreme scenarios of climate change in 2050. Our results suggest an urgent need to improve feed biomass productivity to support future supply of animal protein in the study countries.

scholarly journals Restoring the Soils of Nauru: Plants as Tools for Ecological Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexander Feary
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Germination Success

<p>The restoration of Nauru’s mined areas is fundamental to the future wellbeing of the people and ecosystems of Nauru. Extensive open cast phosphate mining on Nauru over the last 100 years has led to soil losses and landscape degradation to the extent that over 70% of this South-Western Pacific island state is now uninhabitable and almost all productive land has been lost. Significant landscape degradation has occurred and as a consequence the soils that remain are insufficient in volume and quality to achieve the Government’s restoration goals which support the long-term development of Nauru and the well-being of its people. The aim of this research is to evaluate aspects of cover-crop use as a means for soil restoration in Nauru. This research evaluates biomass production, phytoremediation potential, and germination success for a range of species in Nauruan soils. Field trials exploring biomass production and cadmium phytoextraction were performed, as was an experiment assessing the effects of cadmium on germination success. It was found that, in the circumstances assessed, biomass productivity was significantly determined by species, mulch use, soil type, and to a small degree – cadmium. Phytoextraction was significantly determined by tissue type. Germination success was not determined by soil cadmium, but soil type was a significant factor.</p>

scholarly journals Periphyton biomass on artificial substrates during the summer and winter

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altevir Signor ◽  
Arcangelo Augusto Signor ◽  
Wilson Rogério Boscolo ◽  
Adilson Reidel ◽  
Sidnei Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Live Food ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
Black Plastic

This study evaluated the periphyton production on artificial substrates considering it as a source of low cost live food for fish. Blades of artificial substrates such as wood, black plastic, acrylic, fiberglass, ceramics and glass (all with 144cm2 blades, 24 for each substrate) were submerged 20.0cm below the water column for 35 days in the winter and 42 days in the summer. The blades were randomly installed in 200m3 pond and evaluated for the biomass production at different phases during the summer and winter. Four blades of each substrate were collected weekly, and the periphytic community was carefully scraped with a spatula and fixed in 4% formaldehyde. The periphytic biomass productivity was evaluated by artificial substrate area and per day. The results evidenced the characteristic periodicity in periphyton biomass production and a significant variability in the collect period and season in the different artificial substrates used. Ceramic and wood showed the best results in the summer while wood showed the best results in the winter. The priphyton biomass productions differ among periods, substrates and seasons. Wood and ceramics could be indicated for periphyton biomass production in either winter or summer.

scholarly journals Contemporary loss of genetic diversity in wild fish populations reduces biomass stability over time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme G. Prunier ◽  
Mathieu Chevalier ◽  
Allan Raffard ◽  
Géraldine Loot ◽  
Nicolas Poulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Demographic Surveys ◽  
Over Time

AbstractTheory predicts that biodiversity is causally linked to key ecological functions such as biomass productivity, and that loss in functional traits both among- and within-species can reduce the efficiency of ecosystem functions. There has been ample empirical and experimental demonstration that species loss indeed reduces the efficiency of ecosystem functions, with tremendous impacts on services provided by biodiversity. Nonetheless, and despite the fact that within-species diversity is strongly altered by human activities, there have been little attempts to empirically test (i) whether intraspecific genetic diversity actually promotes productivity and stability in wild populations, and, (ii) if so, to quantify its relative importance compared to other determinants. Capitalizing on 20-year demographic surveys in wild fish populations, we show that genetic diversity does not increase mean biomass production in local populations, but strongly and consistently stabilizes biomass production over time. Genetic diversity accounts for about 20% of explained variance in biomass stability across species, an important contribution about half that of environment and demography (about 40% each). Populations having suffered from demographic bottlenecks in the recent past harbored lower levels of genetic diversity and showed less stability in biomass production over the last 20 years. Our study demonstrates that the loss of intraspecific genetic diversity can destabilize biomass productivity in natural vertebrate populations in just a few generations, strengthening the importance for human societies to adopt prominent environmental policies to favor all facets of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Tithonia diversifolia dengan Dosis Pupuk Kandang dan Jarak Tanam yang Berbeda

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Lia Desyrakhmawati ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Suwarto , ◽  
Wiwik Hartatik
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Planting Distance

Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) is a invansive weed but it can be used as continuous and on-farm source of nutrient for organic farming system. The objective of this study was to investigate growth and biomass production of T. diversifolia with different rates of chicken manure and plant spacings. The experiment was conducted at Cikarawang, Bogor, on Inceptisol soil type, from October 2011 until January 2012. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The rates of chicken manure were  0, 2.5, 5 and 10 ton ha-1, while the plant spacings were 50 cm x 50 cm and 75 cm x 75 cm. The interaction effect between manure rates and plant spacing was significant on nett assimilation rate at 4-8 weeks after planting, but it was not significant on biomass production. The highest dry weight of biomass (1,129.1 kg ha-1) was obtained from the addition of 10 ton chicken manure ha-1 with the potential contribution as much as 55.47 kg N, 4.54 kg P, 88.54 kg K per hectare. The highest dry weight of biomass produced with planting distance 50 cm x 50 cm (897 kg ha-1). Referring to the results, it can be recommended that the cultivation of T. diversifolia at the first planting needs 10 ton chicken manure ha-1 and the planting distance of 50 cm x 50 cm.<br />Keywords: biomass production, Mexican sun flower, nett assimilation ratio, nutrient contributio, weed

scholarly journals Improving the efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia extract in management of foliar diseases of sesame intercropped with maize under tropical conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Muideen Jimoh ◽  
Ololade Adeduro Enikuomehin ◽  
Clement Gboyega Afolabi ◽  
Victor Idowu Olugbenga Olowe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Spray Regimes

Abstract Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) and Alternaria leaf blight (ALB) diseases are major constraints to sesame production. Although disease management through intercropping of sesame with maize and foliar-spray with extracts of Tithonia diversifolia have been found to be effective, the frequency of application of the extracts required to achieve optimal disease control have not been determined. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the effect of frequency of application of T. diversifolia extract on CLS and ALB diseases of sesame intercropped with maize during the early (June – September) and late (August – November) cropping seasons of 2011. Field experiments laid out in a Randomised Complete Block design and in a split plot arrangement with three replications were conducted in Ejigbo, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of aqueous Tithonia diversifolia leaf extract applied at 7.0, 7.5 or 8.0 % (w/v) in one-, two- or three- spray regimes at 2-week intervals from three weeks after planting (WAP) to plots of sesame intercropped with maize; Unsprayed sesame/maize intercrop; sesame/maize intercrop sprayed with Carbendazim (50 %)WP and unsprayed sole sesame plots. Results revealed that CLS and ALB incidence, severity and defoliation were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by three-spray regime of 7.5 % (w/v) T. diversifolia extract. The efficacy of 7.5 % (w/v) T. diversifolia extract was comparable to that of 8.0 % (w/v) T. diversifolia extract or synthetic fungicide (Carbendazim 50 %WP). This study showed that the three-spray regime of 7.5 % w/v T. diversifolia leaf extract is sufficient to control foliar diseases of sesame intercropped with maize.

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