scholarly journals FENOMENA TRANSPORT KOBALT-60 PADA LAPISAN TANAH

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ngasifudin .
Keyword(s):  
Transport Phenomenon ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Component ◽  
Soil Components ◽  
Column Extraction

The transport phenomena of cobalt-60 (Co-60) in the soillayer has been investigated using column and batch methods. The association of Co-60 with soil and its components were studied by extraction methods. The concentration profile of Co-60 in the soil column was composed of two logarithmic curves that showing Co-60 would be consist of mobile and immobile fraction. The immobile fraction of Co-60 was adsorbed by soil and was distributed near in the top of column. Although the mobile Co-60 was little sorbed by soil and migrated through the soil column, themaximum concentration of Co-60 in the effluents decreased slightly with increasing length of the soil column. Extraction of Co-60 from the soil and from its components showed that Co-60 was sorbed by manganese oxide and clay minerals. Manganese oxide is one of the soil components that could be decrease the maximum concentration of Co-60 in the effluents. Although the content of manganese oxide in the soil was 0.24-0.29%, manganese oxide is the important component to preventthe migration of Co-60 in the low acidic solution.Keywords : Transport phenomenon, Cobalt-60, soil component Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang fenomena gerakan Kobalt-60 (Co-60) pada lapisan tanah yang dilakukan secara kolom dan batch. Penggabungan Co-60.dengan tanah dan komponennya dipelajari dengan serangkaian teknik ekstraksi. Gambaran konsentrasi Co- 60 di dalam kolom tanah tersusun oleh dua kurva logaritma yang menunjukkan Co-60 terdiri atas fraksi gerak dan tidak-gerak. Fraksi Co-60 tidak-gerak diserap oleh tanah dan didistribusikan di dekat bagian atas kolom. Meskipun Co-60 fraksi gerak hanya sedikit terserap oleh tanah dan di-transportkan melalui kolom tanah, konsentrasi maksimum Co- 60 di dalam efluen sedikit menurun dengan kenaikan panjang kolom tanah. Ekstraksi Co-60 dari tanah dan komponennya menunjukkan bahwa Co-60 diserap oleh mangan dioksida dan komponen lempung. Mangan oksida merupakan salah satu komponen tanah yang dapat menurunkan konsentrasi maksimum Co-60 di dalam efluen. Bahkan kandungan mangan oksida 0,24-0,29% dalam tanah menjadi komponen penting untukmencegah proses transport Co-60 pada larutan keasaman rendah.Kata kunci : Fenomena transport, Kobalt-60, komponen tanah 

Thermal study of some manganese oxide minerals

1950 ◽  
Vol 29 (210) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Laurence Kulp ◽  
Jose N. Perfetti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Thermal Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Oxide Minerals

In the past decade, differential thermal analysis has developed into a very useful mineralogical technique. The theoretical background for this method has been treated by Speil, Berkelhamer, Pask, and Da vies (1945) and has been modified by Kerr and Kulp (1948, 1949). The application of the method to the clay minerals has been carried out with considerable success by a number of workers in Europe and America. In particular, Grim and co-workers (1942, 1947, 1948) have produced a number of significant papers dealing with the thermal analysis of clays. The method has been extended to other mineral groups such as the carbonates (Faust, 1949; Beck, 1946; Kerr and Kulp, 1947; Cuthbert and Rowland, 1947; Kulp, Kent, and Kerr, 1950), phosphates (Manly, 1950), sulphates (Kulp and Adler, 1950), quartz (Faust, 1948), and the hydrous iron oxides (Kulp and Trites, 1950).

scholarly journals Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2487-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Pales ◽  
Biting Li ◽  
Heather M. Clifford ◽  
Shyla Kupis ◽  
Nimisha Edayilam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Soil Component ◽  
Finger Width ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
Soil Components

Abstract. The vadose zone is a highly interactive heterogeneous system through which water enters the subsurface system by infiltration. This paper details the effects of simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions upon unstable flow patterns in a porous medium (ASTM silica sand; US Silica, Ottawa, IL, USA) through the use of two-dimensional tank light transmission method (LTM). The contact angle (θ) and surface tension (γ) of two simulated plant exudate solutions (i.e., oxalate and citrate) and two soil component solutions (i.e., tannic acid and Suwannee River natural organic matter, SRNOM) were analyzed to determine the liquid–gas and liquid–solid interface characteristics of each. To determine if the unstable flow formations were dependent on the type and concentration of the simulated plant exudates and soil components, the analysis of the effects of the simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions were compared to a control solution (Hoagland nutrient solution with 0.01 M NaCl). Fingering flow patterns, vertical and horizontal water saturation profiles, water saturation at the fingertips, finger dimensions and velocity, and number of fingers were obtained using the light transmission method. Significant differences in the interface properties indicated a decrease between the control and the plant exudate and soil component solutions tested; specifically, the control (θ= 64.5∘ and γ= 75.75 mN m−1) samples exhibited a higher contact angle and surface tension than the low concentration of citrate (θ= 52.6∘ and γ= 70.8 mN m−1). Wetting front instability and fingering flow phenomena were reported in all infiltration experiments. The results showed that the plant exudates and soil components influenced the soil infiltration as differences in finger geometries, velocities, and water saturation profiles were detected when compared to the control. Among the tested solutions and concentrations of soil components, the largest finger width (10.19 cm) was generated by the lowest tannic acid solution concentration (0.1 mg L−1), and the lowest finger width (6.00 cm) was induced by the highest SRNOM concentration (10 mg L−1). Similarly, for the plant exudate solutions, the largest finger width (8.36 cm) was generated by the lowest oxalate solution concentration (0.1 mg L−1), and the lowest finger width (6.63 cm) was induced by the lowest citrate concentration (0.1 mg L−1). The control solution produced fingers with average width of 8.30 cm. Additionally, the wettability of the medium for the citrate, oxalate, and SRNOM solutions increased with an increase in concentration. Our research demonstrates that the plant exudates and soil components which are biochemical compounds produced and released in soil are capable of influencing the process of infiltration in soils. The results of this research also indicate that soil wettability, expressed as (cos θ)1∕2, should be included in the scaling of the finger dimension, i.e., finger width, when using the Miller and Miller (1956) scaling theory for the scaling of flow in porous media.

scholarly journals Study on the Microscopic Characteristics of Ferruginous cement of Banguo Earth Forest in Yuan mou area, Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Penghui Luo ◽  
Shitao Zhang ◽  
Yimin Tian ◽  
Fei Ding ◽  
Zongming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
The Self ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Dispersed Particles

The column height of earth forest is generally 8~30m in yuanmou county of yunnan province, which is far higher than the self-supporting height of general soil column. Ferruginous cement is an important reason for formation of the tall and erect columnar soil. Macroscopic physical and mechanical tests confirmed that the strength of the stratum containing ferruginous cement was much higher than that of the formation without ferruginous cement. The microstructure and morphology of ferruginous cement were analyzed by SEM and EDS. It is found that ferruginous cement is mainly composed of iron compounds and clay minerals, which only exists in certain stratum. In the process of growth, Iron compounds chemically bond with clay minerals during growth to form ferruginous cements, which first form unique sphere on the surface of particles or clay minerals. It then clumps together and fills the spaces between the particles. Finally, the dispersed particles are connected together to form a stable lamellar spatial structure, which greatly improves the strength of the soil. Through the study of ferruginous cement, the mechanism of this natural curing agent is understood, which enriches the research content in this field.

Soil Landscapes of Canada: Building a National Framework for Environmental Information

GEOMATICA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schut ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
Walter Fraser ◽  
Xiaoyuan Geng ◽  
David Kroetsch
Keyword(s):  
Information Service ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Soil Component ◽  
Soil Components ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Landscape Information ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC) is a national soil map and accompanying database of environmental information for all of Canada, produced and maintained by the Canadian Soil Information Service (CanSIS) which is a part of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The SLC maps were originally published as a set of paper products for individual provinces and regions. The maps were digitized in CanSIS, using one of the first geographic information systems in the world, and linked to soil and landscape attribute tables to serve an evolving variety of spatial modelling applications. The SLCs form the lowest level of the National Ecological Framework for Canada. The latest public release of the SLC is version 3.2, which provides updated soil and landscape information for the agricultural areas of Canada. The SLC v3.2 digital coverage includes an extensive set of relational data tables. The component table lists the soil components in each agricultural polygon along with their predicted dominant slope, class, and extent. The soil component codes are also linked to soil attribute tables which define fundamental soil properties, such as classification and parent material, as well as a description of the soil horizons and key soil attributes to a depth of 100 cm. SLC v3.2 adds a new set of landform tables which identify the major landform type in each polygon and indicates the most likely soil components in the upper, mid slope, lower slope, and depressional positions. These soil and landform attributes are designed to support a wide variety of national and international environmental modelling applications, such as the prediction of soil quality change, soil carbon sequestration, and land productivity for different agricultural crops in response to agricultural policy, land management, and climate change scenarios. Future versions of the SLC are under development that will have improved spatial resolution and include soils data for areas beyond the present agricultural zone of Canada.

Adsorption of iron cyanide complexes onto clay minerals, manganese oxide, and soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hee Kang ◽  
A. Paul Schwab ◽  
C. T. Johnston ◽  
M. Katherine Banks
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Iron Cyanide ◽  
Cyanide Complexes

scholarly journals Soil thermal diffusivity estimated from data of soil temperature and single soil component properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirijn de Jong van Lier ◽  
Angelica Durigon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Soil Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Soil Component ◽  
Soil Components

Under field conditions, thermal diffusivity can be estimated from soil temperature data but also from the properties of soil components together with their spatial organization. We aimed to determine soil thermal diffusivity from half-hourly temperature measurements in a Rhodic Kanhapludalf, using three calculation procedures (the amplitude ratio, phase lag and Seemann procedures), as well as from soil component properties, for a comparison of procedures and methods. To determine thermal conductivity for short wave periods (one day), the phase lag method was more reliable than the amplitude ratio or the Seemann method, especially in deeper layers, where temperature variations are small. The phase lag method resulted in coherent values of thermal diffusivity. The method using properties of single soil components with the values of thermal conductivity for sandstone and kaolinite resulted in thermal diffusivity values of the same order. In the observed water content range (0.26-0.34 m³ m-3), the average thermal diffusivity was 0.034 m² d-1 in the top layer (0.05-0.15 m) and 0.027 m² d-1 in the subsurface layer (0.15-0.30 m).

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