scholarly journals METODE PENGENDAPAN DAN PENUKAR KATION UNTUK PEMISAHAN CESIUM DALAM BAHAN BAKAR U3Si2-Al

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslina Br. Ginting ◽  
Dian Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Optimum Weight

METODE PENGENDAPAN DAN PENUKAR KATION PADA PROSES PEMISAHAN CESIUM DALAM BAHAN BAKAR U3Si2-Al. Isotop 137Cs salah satu hasil fisi yang dapat digunakan sebagai monitor burn up untuk mempelajari kinerja bahan bakar selama iradiasi dalam reaktor. Untuk menganalisis isotop 137Cs dalam pelat elemen bakar (PEB) U3Si2-Al pasca iradiasi diperlukan metode yang valid agar diperoleh data yang akurat. Beberapa metode dapat digunakan untuk pemisahan 137Cs dalam PEB U3Si2-Al, antara lain adalah metode pengendapan dalam bentuk garam CsClO4 sesuai dengan ASTM E 320-79 dan metode penukar kation menggunakan zeolit Lampung. Proses pengendapan dilakukan dengan menggunakan serbuk CsNO3 sebagai senyawa pembawa (carier) dan pereaksi HClO4, sedangkan proses penukar kation dilakukan dengan penambahan zeolit Lampung. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan metode valid untuk pemisahan 137Cs dalam PEB U3Si2-Al pasca iradiasi, khususnya aspek pengaruh berat serbuk CsNO3 dan berat zeolit Lampung yang ditambahkan. Proses pengendapan isotop 137Cs dilakukan dengan memipet larutan PEB U3Si2-Al sebanyak 150 µL kemudian ditambahkan serbuk CsNO3 dengan variasi berat 500; 625; 700 ; dan 1000 mg serta 4 mL HClO4 dalam pengangas es selama 1 jam. Hasil proses pengendapan diperoleh endapan 137CsClO4yang terpisah dengan supernatan sebagai fasa cair.Sementara itu, proses penukar kation dilakukan dengan menambahkan zeolit Lampung variasi berat 700; 900; 1000 ; dan 1200 mg dengan pengadukan selama 1 jam. Hasil proses penukar kation diperoleh padatan 137Cs-zeolit dalam fasa padat dan isotop lainnya dalam fasa cair. Endapan 137CsClO4 dan padatan137Cs-zeolit serta supernatan diukur kandungan 137Cs menggunakan spektrometer-g. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa berat CsNO3 yang paling banyak mengikat 137Cs terjadi pada penambahan CsNO3 seberat 700 mg yaitu sebesar 0,0472 µg, sedangkan penambahan zeolit Lampung yang optimal diperoleh pada berat 1000 mg hingga 1200 mg dengan kandungan isotop 137Cs dalam padatan 137Cs-zeolit diperoleh sebesar 0,0557 µg. Pemisahan isotop 137Cs menggunakan metode penukar kation dengan penambahan zeolit Lampung 1000 mg hingga 1200 mg mempunyai hasil lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan metode pengendapan. Selain itu, pengerjaan dengan metode penukar kation lebih mudah serta lebih aman bila dibandingkan dengan metode pengendapan yang pengerjaannya harus dalam penggangas es (-4 ºC), menggunakan bahan kimia HClO4 dengan aceton dan etanol yang bersifat volatil dan eksotermik.Kata kunci: isotop 137Cs, zeolit, serbuk CsNO3, metode penukar kation dan pengendapan. PRECIPITATION METHOD AND KATION EXCHANGE METHOD FOR CESIUM SEPARATION OF U3Si2-Al FUEL ELEMENT. 137Cs isotope was one of the fission products which could be used as a burn up monitor to study the performance of the fuel during irradiation in a reactor. For analyzed 137Cs isotope in post-irradiation U3Si2-Al fuel element plate (PEB), it was needed a valid method to obtain accurate data. Several methods could be used for 137Cs separation from U3Si2-Al PEB solution were precipitation method in CsClO4 salt form according to ASTM E 320-79 and cation exchange method using Lampung zeolite. The precipitation process was done using CsNO3 powder as a carrier substance and HClO4 reagent, while the cation exchange process was done by the addition of Lampung zeolite. The objective research was getting a valid method for 137Cs separation in post-irradiation U3Si2-Al PEB, especially for the aspects of CsNO3 powder weight influence and weight of zeolite Lampung was added. 137Cs isotope precipitation process was done by pipetting 150 mL U3Si2-Al PEB solution which was added to the 500; 625; 700; and 1000 mg weight variation CsNO3 powder and 4 mL HClO4 in ice media for 1 hour. The precipitation process results was obtained CsClO4 precipitate separated from the supernatant as a liquid phase. Mean while, the cation exchange process was done by adding 700; 900; 1000 and 1200 mg weight variation Lampung zeolite by shaking for 1 hour. The cation exchange process results was obtained 137Cs-zeolite in the solid phase and the other isotopes in the liquid phase. The137Cs content in 137CsClO4 precipitate,137Cs-zeolite solid phase and supernatant was measured using spectrometre-g. The analysis showed that the optimum weight of CsNO3 addition when most binding of 137Cs occurred was 700 mg equal to 0.0472 g 137Cs isotope, while the optimum weight addition of Lampung zeolite was 1000 mg until 1200 mg equal to 137Cs isotope content in137Cs-zeolite obtained was 0.0557 g. The 137Cs isotope separation process using both methods could be concluded that the cation exchange method using zeolite by the addition of 1000 mg Lampung zeolite until 1200 mg had better result than the precipitation method. The other advantages of this method were easier and saver than precipitation methods that the process should be in ice batch (-4oC), using chemicals HClO4, acetone and ethanol which had volatile and exothermic character.Keywords: 137Cs isotope, zeolite, CsNO3 powder, cation exchange and precipitation method.

scholarly journals PEMISAHAN DAN ANALISIS 137Cs DARI LARUTAN PELAT ELEMEN BAKAR U-7%Mo/Al

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Anggraini ◽  
Noviarty Noviarty ◽  
Yanlinastuti Yanlinastuti ◽  
Aslina Br. Ginting ◽  
Rosika Kriswarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Exchange Cation ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Plate Solution

PEMISAHAN DAN ANALISIS 137Cs DARI LARUTAN PELAT ELEMEN BAKAR U-7%Mo/Al. Pemisahan cesium dari larutan pelat elemen bakar (PEB) U-7Mo/Al telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengendapan dan penukar kation. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan metode yang valid untuk pemisahan cesium dari larutan PEB U-7Mo/Al melalui penentuan parameter unjuk kerja metode yaitu akurasi, presisi dan rekoveri. Metode pengendapan dan metode penukar kation yang digunakan mengacu kepada metode ASTM 690-000 dan kepada hasil penelitian U3Si2/Al. Penentuan parameter unjuk kerja metode pengendapan dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan sampel PEB U-7%Mo/Al sebanyak 150 μL, larutan standar 137Cs sebanyak 50 μL dalam 2 mL HCl 0,1N. Larutan dikenakan proses pengendapan dengan menggunakan pereaksi HClO4 pekat dan penambahan senyawa carrier CsNO3 seberat 225 mg pada temperatur 0oC selama 1 jam, sedangkan proses penukar kation dilakukan dengan menggunakan resin zeolit Lampung sebanyak 400 mg. Proses penukar kation dilakukan secara batch dengan pengocokan selama 1 jam. Hasil proses pengendapan diperoleh endapan CsClO4 dan penukar kation diperoleh berupa padatan cesium - zeolit serta supernatan. Pengukuran dan analisis radionuklida137Cs dalam endapan CsClO4 dan padatan 137Cs-zeolit dilakukan dengan spektrometer gamma. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh nilai cacahan radionuklida 137Cs per detik (cps). Perhitungan rekoveri metode dilakukan dengan perbandingan nilai cacahan radionuklida 137Cs sebelum dan sesudah proses pemisahan. Hasil pemisahan radionuklida 137Cs dari larutan PEB U-7Mo/Al menggunakan metode pengendapan diperoleh rekoveri sebesar 95,56 % dengan akurasi dan presisi pengukuran masing-masing sebesar 0,375 % dan 1,875 %, sedangkan rekoveri pemisahan radionuklida 137Cs dengan metode penukar kation diperoleh rekoveri sebesar 26,73 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pengendapan lebih baik dari pada metode penukar kation untuk pemisahan 137Cs dari larutan bahan bakar PEB U-7Mo/Al.Kata Kunci: pemisahan cesium, metode pengendapan, penukar kation, zeolit Lampung, bahanbakar U-7%Mo/Al. SEPARATION OF CESIUM FROM U-7MO/AL FUEL PLATE SOLUTION HAS BEEN DONE BY USING PRECIPITATION METHOD AND CATION EXCHANGE. The aim of this research is to get a valid method of separating cesium from U-7Mo/Al fuel plate solution through determination of parameter of method (accuracy, precision, and recovery). Precipitation method and cation exchange method that are used refer to standard ASTM 690-000 and research result of U3Si2/Al. Parameter method determination has been done by using 150 μL sample (U-7%Mo/Al fuel plate solution, 50 μL of standard solution in 2 mL of HCl 0,1 N. The sample solution was undergone precipitation process by using HClO4 concentrated and 225 mg of CsNO3 as carrier in tempherature 0oC for an hour, while exchange cation process was done by using 400 mg of resin zeolit Lampung. The analysis of 137Cs in CsClO4 and 137Cs - zeolit was done by gamma spectrometre. Determination of recovery method was done by comparing count value of 137Cs before and after separation process. Recovery of precipitation method was obtained 95.56 % with accuracy and precicion measurement of 0.375 % and 1.875 % respectively, while recovery of cation exchange method obtained 26.73 %. To sum up, the results show that precipitation method better than exchange cation method for separation 137Cs from U-7Mo/Al fuel plate solution.Keywords: cesium separation, precipitation method, cation exchange, zeolit Lampung, U-7% Mo/AL fuel plate.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL HYDROXIDE FROM EXTRACTION SOLUTION OF SPENT CATALYST

Metalurgi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Kevin Cleary Wanta ◽  
Felisha Hapsari Tanujaya ◽  
Federick Dwi Putra ◽  
Ratna Frida Susanti ◽  
Gelar Panji Gemilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Nickel Hydroxide ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Almost All

Nickel is an essential metal element and is applied in various sectors. One of the useful nickel–based derivatives products is nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH)2]. This compound is widely applied as raw material for electrodes of rechargeable batteries, capacitors, electrolyzers, and catalysts. This study focuses on the synthesis of Ni(OH)2 using the hydroxide precipitation method. A solution from the extraction process of spent catalysts was used as a precursor solution. After the precursor solution was obtained, the precipitation process was carried out at pH 10, where the operating temperature was varied at 30–60oC. NaOH, KOH, and MgO solutions were used as precipitating agents. The experimental results show that the Ni(OH)2 compounds were produced optimally at low temperatures, 30oC. It could be indicated from the lowest concentration of Ni2+ ions in the liquid phase that reached that temperature. The three precipitation agents also gave good results in the precipitation of Ni2+ ions, where almost all of the Ni2+ ions were precipitated from the liquid phase. The precipitated products were characterized using SEM, XRD, and XRF. The analysis results showed that the product was agglomerated and formless. The purity of the precipitates formed were 24.1 and 29% for the precipitating agents MgO and NaOH, respectively.

scholarly journals Natural zeolite as a replacement for resin in the cation exchange process of cesium on post-irradiated nuclear fuel

Nukleonika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Aslina Br. Ginting ◽  
Amini Siti ◽  
Noviarty ◽  
Yanlinastuti ◽  
Arif Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Isotope Separation ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Pore Size Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis

Abstract Characterization of natural salts from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya, Indonesia has been carried out as a substitute for synthetic resins. The characteristics include zeolite activation with NH4Cl, and heated at 200°C, the bond stability test of 137Cs-zeolite, chemical composition analysis, surface area, pore size, analysis of Cs cation exchange capacity (CEC), diffusion coefficient (Di ), activation energy (Ea ), and absorption of three zeolites. To do this, pipette 50 μl of a standard solution of 137Cs from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), put in, 2 ml of 0.1 N HCl, and then add 1 g of zeolite and stir each for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 h. Based on this stirring time, the 137C isotope will exchange ions with NH4-zeolite to 137Cs-zeolite in the solid phase. The content of 137Cs in 137Cs-zeolites (solid phase) was analysed using a gamma spectrometer. The results of the chemical composition analysis showed that the character of zeolite from Lampung has a Si/Al ratio, with a CEC value of 1.448 mEq/g which is greater than Bayah and Tasikmalaya, while the Di and Ea values for the three select types were obtained almost the same. Moreover, the stability test of the Cs ion bond with zeolite showed no significant release of Cs ions from the zeolite structure. It can be concluded that the three soloists tested that the zeolite from Lampung has better characters. The results of 137Cs isotope separation in 150 μl of U3Si2/Al fuel solution post-irradiation using zeolite from Lampung and Dowex resins obtained almost the same recovery around 98–99%, so it can be concluded that zeolite from Lampung can be used as a substitute for synthetic resin in the cation exchange process for the 137Cs isotope in nuclear fuel post-irradiated.

scholarly journals The properties of colloidal systems.—II. On adsorption as preliminary to chemical reaction

1911 ◽  
Vol 84 (569) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colloidal Systems

When a reaction takes place in a heterogeneous system certain preliminary processes occur, so that the velocity of the reaction as measured is naturally that of the slowest of all the stages, including the chemical reaction proper. In the first place, since the reacting bodies are not uniformly distributed, one of them is compelled to travel a certain distance in order that contact with the other one may take place, e. g . in the case of a sheet of zinc immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid, it is necessary that the ions taking part in the reaction diffuse from the distant parts of the liquid phase in order to reach the surface of the solid phase. Hence, diffusion is the first stage of the reaction as a whole.

Comparative Study of Solid-Phase and Liquid-Phase Assisted Sintering of Nb2O5-Doped Alumina

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Trindade ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva ◽  
Alaelson Vieira Gomes ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Matos Chagas ◽  
Luis Henrique Leme Louro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Eutectic Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Solid State Sintering ◽  
Phase Loss

This work investigated the sintering behavior of alumina doped with 4wt% niobia. Three sintering temperatures were investigated: 1400°C, 1450°C and 1500°C. The first temperature leads to solid-phase assisted sintering (SSS) while the other ones develop liquid-phase assisted sintering (LPS). The presence of liquid phase in the second case is due to an eutectic reaction occurring at 1440°C ± 20°C in the alumina-niobia system. The sintering behavior was assessed by measuring the final densities. The results indicated that the 1400°C solid-state sintering, comparatively, was better. This paper proposes that defects associated to the substitution of Al+3by Nb+5in the alumina cation sub-lattice, fostered diffusion and SSS. Sintering at 1500°C presented the lowest density, apparently due to niobate (liquid phase) loss, at this temperature as observed by XRD results.

Modified micro-scale enzymatic method for plasma ammonia in newborn and pediatric patients; comparison with a modified cation-exchange procedure.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wu ◽  
K O Ash ◽  
E Mao
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Plasma Ammonia ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Sigma Chemical

Abstract We modified two "kit" procedures for plasma ammonia to make them suitable for use with newborn and pediatric patients. Available methods either require too large a specimen, are insufficiently sensitive in the normal range, or are too cumbersome. One was an enzymatic (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo. 63178), the other a cation-exchange (Hyland, Costa Mesa, Calif. 92626) method. The modified micro-scale enzymatic method requires 100 microliter of plasma (CV at 38 micronmol/liter, 8%). Reagent costs per patient assay, including controls and standards, are currently $0.53. An assay run can be completed in 30 min. The modified cation-exchange method requires 200 microliter of plasma; the within-run CV is 12% for a concentration of 34.2 micronmol/liter. Reagents currently cost $0.74 per assay and each run requires less than 2 h to complete. The correlation coefficient for the two methods was 0.98.

scholarly journals Kaolin as a Source of Silica and Alumina For Synthesis of Zeolite Y and Amorphous Silica Alumina

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Rahayu ◽  
Gatot Subiyanto ◽  
Arief Imanuddin ◽  
Wiranto ◽  
Sabrina Nadina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Co Precipitation

Kaolin is the clay mineral which containing silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) in a high percentage, that can be used as a nutrient in the synthesis of zeolites and amorphous silica alumina (ASA). The objective of this research is to convert the Belitung kaolin into silica and alumina as nutrients for the synthesis of zeolites and amorphous silica alumina, which are required in the preparation of the catalysts. Silica and alumina contained in the kaolin were separated by leaching the active kaolin called as metakaolin, using HCL solution, giving a solid phase rich silica and a liquid phase rich alumina. The solid phase rich silica was synthesized to zeolite Y by adding seed of the Y Lynde type, through the hydrothermal process with an alkaline condition. While, the liquid phase rich alumina was converted into an amorphous silica alumina through a co precipitation method. Characterization of zeolite and ASA were done using XRD, surface area and pore analyzer and SEM. The higher of alumina in liquid phase as a result of the rising molar of HCL in the leaching process was observed, but it didn’t work for its rising time. Products of ASA and zeolite Y were obtained by using liquid phase rich alumina and solid phase rich silica, respectively, which resulted through leaching metakaolin in 2.5 M HCl at temperature of 100° C for 2 hours.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

Oxytocin analogues with non-coded amino acid residues in position 8: [8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2317-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváček ◽  
Jan Pospíšek ◽  
Jiřina Slaninová ◽  
Walter Y. Chan ◽  
Victor J. Hruby
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fragment Condensation

[8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin (II) and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin (III) were prepared by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and fragment condensation. Both analogues exhibited decreased uterotonic potency in vitro, each being about 15-30% that of oxytocin. Analogue II also displayed similarly decreased uterotonic potency in vivo and galactogogic potency. On the other hand, analogue III exhibited almost the same potency as oxytocin in the uterotonic assay in vivo and in the galactogogic assay.

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