scholarly journals Categories of Rights and Lawful Interests of Individuals and Their Use in the Sphere of Criminal Justice

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Alexander Grinenko ◽  
Georgii Gudzhabidze ◽  
Vasily Potapov ◽  
Nikolay Zheleznyak
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Legitimate Interest ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Correct Understanding

Categories of rights and legitimate interests of a person are among the most essential in modern legal science, legislation and law enforcement practice. These categories are of particular importance in the field of criminal proceedings. The outcome of the preliminary investigation and trial in criminal cases largely depends on the correct understanding and subsequent application of these categories. The state should not only recognize, but also guarantee the possibility to exercise the rights and legitimate interests of an individual, enshrined at various levels, up to the international law. The study of the use of the legal concept of «personality» in various areas of law, including criminal procedure, indicates its application in the widest sense as a synonym for the concept of «a human». The law refers to a human as a person, regardless of the capacity in which he acts in specific legal relations. Categories «human», «individual», «personality», «person», «citizen» in the field of criminal proceedings can be considered synonymous. Some special characteristics arise not from differences in the general social status, but solely from the specific procedural status granted to a person in connection with criminal proceedings. In the research publications, the words «rights» and «freedoms» of the individual are considered identical, i.e. synonyms, and are described through the category of «opportunities». But for the recognition of such opportunities, it is not always required for them to be enshrined in the criminal procedure law. The category of «legitimate interest» has a specific meaning and differs from the categories of «rights and freedoms» of an individual. Legitimate interests are not indicated in the law itself because their scope of application is wider than the scope of law implementation. But such interests should not contradict the law, i.e. the provisions of the current legislation. A fundamental change in states perception of the individual has led to a significant change of the doctrine and content of criminal proceedings aimed primarily at protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the individual.

scholarly journals Seizure of Property as a Way to Ensure Compensation for Damage Caused by a Crime: Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Ivanov ◽  
Marina Vladimirovna Sokolova ◽  
Oksana Leonidovna Podustova ◽  
Pavel Vladimirovich Fadeev ◽  
Alexey Yurievich Molyanov
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Crime Theory ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Identifying Property

The authors consider the theoretical provisions and analyze practical examples of the activities of the investigative bodies to seize property in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that one of the priority activities of the preliminary investigation bodies at present is to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of citizens against criminal encroachments. The possibility of compensation to victims of harm caused by a crime in criminal procedure law is a guarantee of protection of these rights and contributes to the implementation of the purpose of criminal proceedings. Based on the results obtained, the authors conclude that it is necessary to further improve the law enforcement practice and the norms of criminal and criminal-procedure legislation in order to improve the efficiency of solving problems of identifying property that can be seized. In this connection, it is proposed to amend Part 3 of Article 104.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, providing for the possibility of confiscation of property, regardless of the awareness of the causal relationship between the committed act and the presence of money or other property.Keywords: Criminal proceedings; Measures of procedural coercion; Investigator; Inquirer; Civil claim Penyitaan Properti sebagai Cara untuk Memastikan Kompensasi atas Kerusakan yang Disebabkan oleh Kejahatan: Teori dan Praktik AbstrakPenulis mempertimbangkan ketentuan teoritis dan menganalisis contoh praktis dari kegiatan badan investigasi untuk menyita properti dalam proses pra-persidangan dalam kasus pidana. Relevansi topik ini ditentukan oleh fakta bahwa salah satu kegiatan prioritas badan investigasi pendahuluan saat ini adalah memastikan hak dan kepentingan sah warga negara terhadap perambahan kriminal. Kemungkinan pemberian ganti rugi kepada korban kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh suatu tindak pidana dalam hukum acara pidana merupakan jaminan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak tersebut dan turut menunjang terlaksananya tujuan proses pidana. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa perlu lebih meningkatkan praktik penegakan hukum dan norma-norma peraturan perundang-undangan pidana dan acara pidana untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyelesaian masalah identifikasi harta benda yang dapat disita. Sehubungan dengan itu, diusulkan untuk mengubah Bagian 3 Pasal 104.1 KUHP Federasi Rusia, yang mengatur kemungkinan penyitaan properti, terlepas dari kesadaran akan hubungan sebab akibat antara tindakan yang dilakukan dan adanya uang atau properti lainnya.Kata Kunci: Proses pidana; Tindakan paksaan prosedural; Peneliti; Penanya; Klaim sipil. Наложение ареста на имущество в целях обеспечения возмещения вреда, причиненного преступлением: теория и практика АннотацияАвторами рассматриваются теоретические положения и анализируются практические примеры деятельности органов расследования по наложению ареста на имущество в досудебном производстве по уголовным делам. Актуальность данной темы определяется тем, что одним из приоритетных направлений деятельности органов предварительного следствия в настоящее время является обеспечение прав и законных интересов граждан от преступных посягательств. Возможность возмещения потерпевшим вреда, причиненного преступлением, в уголовно-процессуальном праве является гарантией защиты данных прав и способствует реализации назначения уголовного судопроизводства. На основе полученных результатов авторы приходят к выводу о необходимости дальнейшего совершенствования правоприменительной практики и норм уголовного и уголовно-процессуального законодательства в целях повышения эффективности решения задач по установлению  имущества, на которое может быть наложен арест. В связи с чем предлагают внести в ч. 3 ст. 104.1 УК РФ изменения, предусматривающие возможность конфискации имущества, вне зависимости от осведомленности о причинно-следственной связи между совершенным деянием и наличием денег или иного имущества.Ключевые слова: Ключевые слова: уголовное судопроизводство, меры процессуального принуждения, следователь, дознаватель, гражданский иск

scholarly journals USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE DURING THE EXAMINATION OF THE SCENE OF A CRIME IN THE ORDER OF PART 3 ART. 214 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Andrіy Shulha ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Khailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Law

The article deals with the problem of specialist’s participation in the scene examination, which is carried out before entering information into the Unified Register of the pre-trial investigations. The essence of the problem is that the current criminal procedural law of Ukraine recognizes the specialist’s participation only in the pre-trial investigation, the litigation and the proceedings in the case of the commission of an unlawful act under the law of Ukraine on criminal liability. Part 1 of Article 71 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine states that a specialist in criminal proceedings is a person who has special knowledge and skills and can provide advice and conclusions during the pre-trial investigation and trial on issues that require appropriate special knowledge and skills. In other cases, the specialist has no procedural status. In addition, Part 1 of Article 237 of the CPC of Ukraine «Examination» states that the examination is conducted to identify and record information on the circumstances of the offense commitment. It is an act provided by the law of Ukraine on criminal liability. However, there are the cases in the investigation, when a report is received, for example, about a person's death, other events with formal signs of the offense, which must first be checked for signs of a crime, and only then the act can be considered as offense. In this case, a specialist takes part in the scene examination. However, the current criminal procedure law in accordance with Part 1, Article 71 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine determines the legal status of a specialist only as the participant in criminal proceedings. The paragraph 10, part 1 of Article 3 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine defines the criminal proceedings as pre-trial investigation and court proceedings or procedural actions in the case of the commission of an unlawful act. Therefore, when the inspection of the scene is based on the uncertain status of the event (there is no clear information that the event contains signs of an offense), the specialist’s participation is not regulated by law. The authors propose to consider the specialists as «experienced persons» in cases mentioned above and to include their advices to the protocol of the scene examination, as the advices of other scene examination participants.

scholarly journals Prohibition of interrogation of notaries as witnesses in criminal proceedings

1970 ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Ulyana Polyak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Made In

The current criminal procedure law of Ukraine stipulates that a witness is obliged to give a true testimony during pre-trial investigation and trial, however, the legislator made an exception for this by specifying the categories of persons who have been granted immunity from immunity, ie they are released by law. testify. The article deals with the problems of law and practice regarding the prohibition of the interrogation of a notary as a witness in criminal proceedings and the release of him from the obligation to keep the notarial secret by the person who entrusted him with the information which is the subject of this secret. The notion of notarial secrecy is proposed to be changed, since the subject of this secrecy is not only information that became known to the notary public from the interested person, but also those information that the notary received from other sources in the performance of their professional duties, as well as the procedural activity of the notary himself, is aimed at achieving a certain legal result. The proposal made in the legal literature to supplement the CPC of Ukraine with the provisions that a notary is subject to interrogation as a witness on information that constitutes a notarial secret, if the notarial acts were declared illegal in accordance with the procedure established by law The proposal to increase the list of persons who are not subject to interrogation as witnesses about the information constituting a notarial secret is substantiated, this clause is proposed to be supplemented by provisions that, apart from the notary, are not notarized, other notarials, notaries as well as the persons mentioned in Part 3 of Art. 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On Notary". Amendments to the current CPC of Ukraine by the amendments proposed in this publication will significantly improve the law prohibiting the interrogation of a notary as a witness in criminal proceedings, as well as improve certain theoretical provisions of the institute of witness immunity in criminal proceedings.

Judicial Control and Prosecutorial Supervision in the System of Guarantees for Observing the Rights and Freedoms of a Suspect Person

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Talgat T. DYUSSEBAYEV ◽  
Aizhan A. AMANGELDY ◽  
Talgat T. BALASHOV ◽  
Ainur A. AKIMBAYEVA ◽  
Kuanysh ARATULY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Special Studies

In the process of reforming the criminal procedure legislation, the institution of the prosecutor’s office has become one of its important aspects. The judiciary, being one of the independent and autonomous branches of power in criminal proceedings, which is a system of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, is by far the most effective structure for protecting human rights. The article reveals the essence of judicial control and prosecutorial supervision, identifies a number of problems in the form of potential threats to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of a suspect (accused) in this form of preliminary investigation. As a result of the study, the following was stated. The current provisions of the CIS constitutions regulating the sphere of human rights and freedoms have made it possible to single out separate independent areas in the activities of the prosecutor’s office. Based on the practical problems that arise in the conditions of the new Criminal Procedure Code in the CIS countries, the authors consider it reasonable that the current oversight functions assigned to the prosecution authorities in ensuring the rights and freedoms of a suspect and an accused during the investigation, necessitate further special studies with the aim of development of evidence-based proposals for their resolution.  

scholarly journals THE OBSTRUCTION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION: PROBLEMS OF THE OBJECT AND THE OBJECTIVE SIDE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Alexandra Vladimirovna Boyarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject. The article is devoted to the investigation of the main direct object and the circle of victims are subjected of harm by criminal acts stipulated by pts. 1, 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.The purpose of the paper is to identify does the art. 294 of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation meets the other provisions of criminal procedure legislation.The methodology of research includes methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-logical, comparative legal and formal-legal methods.Results and scope of application. The content of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not comply with the provisions of the criminal procedure law. The discrep-ancy lies in terms of the range of participants in criminal proceedings and the functions performed by them, as well as the actual content and correlation of such stages of criminal proceedings as the initiation of criminal proceedings and preliminary investigation. In addi-tion, the current state of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not take into account the ever-widening differentiation of criminal proceedings.The circle of victims listed in pt. 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be supplemented by such participants in the criminal process as a criminal investi-gator, the head of the investigative body, the head of the inquiry department, the head of the body of inquiry. At the same time, the author supports the position that the criminal-legal protection of the said persons should cover not only their activities at the stage of preliminary investigation, but also of the entire pre-trial proceedings as a whole.The circle of criminal acts provided for in art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Fed-eration, should also be specified with an indication of encroachment in the form of kidnapping, destruction or damage to such a crime as materials of criminal, civil and other cases, as well as material evidence.Conclusions. The content of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not comply with the provisions of the criminal procedure law. The author formulates the conclusion that the circle of victims listed in pt. 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code should be broadened and joins the position that the criminal-legal protection of these persons should cover not only their activities at the stage of preliminary investigation, but also of the entire pre-trial proceedings as a whole.

scholarly journals PERANAN ALAT BUKTI DALAM PERKARA PIDANA DALAM PUTUSAN HAKIM MENURUT KUHAP

Yuridika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Bastianto Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Examination Process

The trial of a criminal case is to find out whether a criminal offense has occurred in an event, therefore in the most important criminal proceedings the proceedings are proved. Evidence is a problem that plays a role in the examination process in court because with this proof is determined the fate of a defendant. The legal function in the State of Indonesia is to regulate the order of society in the life of the nation and the state, whereas the violation of the law itself is an event that must exist in every society and is impossible to be eliminated absolutely, because violation of law is an integral part of development More complex. One of the provisions governing how the law enforcement officers carry out the task in the field of repressive is the criminal procedure law which has the purpose of searching and approaching material truth, the complete truth of a criminal case by applying the provisions of criminal procedure law honestly darn precisely with The purpose of finding out who the perpetrator can be charged with is a violation of the law. 

scholarly journals Kriminālprocesuāla, civilprocesuāla vai administratīvi procesuāla konfiskācija

2021 ◽  
pp. 568-575
Author(s):  
Gunārs Kūtris ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Law

The confiscation or forfeiture of crime proceeds is an important challenge in the fight against crime in every country. The Latvian Criminal Procedure Law (2005) provides ability of confiscating criminally acquired property before the sentencing of the guilty person, as well as the ability to apply extended confiscation for a convicted person. However, in recent years, practices and amendments to the law show trends that raise doubts about respect for human rights and principles of criminal proceedings in confiscation processes. The article deals with other countries’ experience in the confiscation of property of uncertain origin in various processes – administrative, civil and criminal proceedings. The summary gives the author’s conclusions on the legally correct confiscation process.

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES OF PERSONAL RIGHTS IN A CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Dildora Bazarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Individual

Ensuring reliable protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens in the judicial system, as well as further strengthening public confidence in justice, the content of legal reforms is to ensure the rights of the individual. Accordingly, this article examines the theoretical and legal foundations of procedural guarantees of individual rights in criminal proceedings on the basis of theoretical and practical analytical data. The article also analyzes the scientific views of scientists on the theoretical aspects of procedural guarantees of individual rights in criminal proceedings.Keywords:law, law, standard, crime, criminal procedure, investigation.

ADDITIONAL GUARANTEES OF DEFENSE OF RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF JUVENILE SUSPECTS, ACCUSED ON THE STAGE OF THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
I. I. Kartashov ◽  
M. A. Kamyshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Juvenile Suspects

The article analyzes the provisions of the criminal procedure law to implement supplementary guaran-tees to defend the rights and legitimate interests of juvenile suspects, accused on the stage of preliminary inves-tigation. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the authors propose changes to certain provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals Issues in separation of criminal procedural functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaija
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Insight Into

The term ‘criminal procedural function’. has historically been used by scientists. In order to identify primary issues in procedural functions, the competition principle was analyzed. This strengthened such important issues as separation of prosecution and court functions, parties’ equality, independence of courts etc. Therefore, the concept of three concept functions – prosecution, defence and adjudication - was developed in criminal proceedings. In the context of the Criminal Procedure Law having taking effect, this term was included into the law, including the principle of separation of criminal procedural functions. The aim of this paper is to offer the insight into interpretation of the concept of the criminal procedural function with the special focus on specific issues in function separation. Section 17 of Criminal Procedure Law determines the function of control of restrictions of human rights in a pre-trail. The functions of prosecution, defence and adjudication do not determine their priority over all other criminal procedural functions. These functions are claimed to be separate and therefore cannot be applied to the same person. This paper examines the equivalence of procedural functions as one of the most fair of the court elements. In the end, key conclusions are summarized.

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