scholarly journals Positive Criminology in a Fight for the Human Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Vitaly Nomokonov ◽  
Tatyana Sudakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
General Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject

Directions for the development of modern criminology, as well as the predicted trends of its future shape, are determined by social processes. A rapid development of convergence technology, as a phenomenon of a new type that is the result of the integration of sciences and the emergence of the techno-science uniting many aspects of natural sciences and technology where knowledge is society- and practice-oriented, set new goals for criminology. The achievement of these goals should be methodologically and practically «innovatively interwoven» within the general context of scientific and social development. The problem of basic premises that should be used as guiding principles for the development of criminology requires an urgent solution. Positive criminology, in the system of leading goalposts that determine, among other things, the essence of its methodological basis, should be based on the principles of convergence, universal humanism and non-violent conflict resolution, creation of a healthy society, patriotism, realistic philosophy, it should preserve the traditions of the past and be ahead of modern trends. The question of outlining the subject of new criminology is complicated and unclear due to the singularity of transformational technologies themselves. At the same time, the development of criminological mentality should be based on the necessity to adapt it to the criminal and technological threats of a new type, which are highly probable to spread uncontrollably. Convergence technologies simultaneously produce a multitude of complex socio-humanitarian problems - preservation of humans, improvement of the human potential and the standard of living - that should be solved by criminology from the standpoint of improving its quality and creating an adequate content of its future basics.

scholarly journals On the role of foreign experts in the development of Soviet industry during 1929–1933 (on the example of Stalingrad industry)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Ivanovich Lozin ◽  
Elena Yur'evna Bolotova
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Labor Resources

The goal of this research is to reveal the role of foreign experts in the period of industrialization of the Soviet economy (1929–1933) on the example of the development of Stalingrad industry. Using the data from the State Archive of Volgograd Region and scientific literature, the author discloses the factors of engaging foreign experts in Stalingrad enterprises, forms of their employment, size, and qualitative characteristics. The subject of this research is the foreign experts involved in the industrial enterprises in Stalingrad. The article is based on the systemic approach, which views foreign experts as part of the labor resources of Stalingrad industrial enterprises; as well as on structural-functional analysis, which reveals the vectors and scope of activity of the foreign employees. The novelty of this research consists in introduction of new archival data into the scientific discourse, as well as in comprehensive analysis of the reminiscences of some foreign specialists about the specificity of their work. The following conclusions were made: the reason for inviting foreign expert to the USSR during the Industrialization period was substantiated by shortage of competent personnel and engineering-technical workers, who would have been capable to accomplish the tasks of building the new type of enterprise; hundreds of foreign specialists were brought to the factories of Stalingrad via legal or illegal methods’; over the period from 1930 to 1933, the number of foreign experts has gradually decreased due to increase in the number of the local qualified personnel; despite this fact, foreign employees and their experience in engineering, construction oversight, introduction of new methods of production to the Soviet workers became the starting point for the rapid development of Stalingrad industry.

scholarly journals Determining Emotions and the Burden of Proof in Investigative Commissions to Palestine

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
International Community ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Violent Conflicts

AbstractThe conflict in Palestine has been the subject of numerous international investigative commissions over the past century. These have been dispatched by governments to determine the causes of violent conflicts and how to resolve them. Commissions both produce and reflect political epistemologies, the social processes and categories by which proof and evidence are produced and mobilized in political claim-making. Using archival and ethnographic sources, my analysis focuses on three investigative commissions: the King-Crane (1919), Anglo-American (1946), and Mitchell (2001) commissions. They reveal how “reading affect” has been a diagnostic of political worthiness. Through these investigations, Western colonial agents and “the international community” have given Palestinians false hope that discourse and reason were the appropriate and effective mode of politics. Rather than simply reason, however, what each required was maintenance of an impossible balance between the rational and the emotional. This essay explores the ways that affect as a diagnostic of political worthiness has worked as a technology of rule in imperial orders, and has served as an unspoken legitimating mechanism of domination.

A Quiet Transformation in Tokugawa Economic History

1971 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Hanley ◽  
Kozo Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Past

This is a brief bibliographical essay which surveys the literature published in Japanese during the past decade on various aspects of the Tokugawa economy. The purpose of the essay is twofold: the first is to present an annotated bibliography of selected books and a list of relevant articles for the convenience of scholars interested in sources relating to economic changes in Tokugawa Japan. The second is to present in summary form what appears to the authors to be the newly emerging consensus in the interpretation of these changes.The emerging consensus is an acceptance of the hypothesis that the Tokugawa economy and its institutions steadily developed, resulting in a rise in the standard of living for most of the population during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. A majority of Japanese economic historians now seem to agree that the peasant class also benefitted from the economic growth, and numerous scholars through exacting case studies have produced evidence to show that agricultural productivity was rising faster than effective tax rates. Other research has documented the rapid development of economic institutions, including the market, credit mechanisms, and guilds. The old theme of stagnation and demise for the late Tokugawa economy has been discharged in favor of a new theme of continuous growth and development.

scholarly journals Public Amenities in Rural Suburban Settlements in Bratislava’s Hinterland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-123
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Sopirová ◽  
Ivana Bradová
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Location Type

Abstract The present paper examines selected urbanistic parameters of public amenities in rural residential areas in the suburban hinterland of Bratislava, which has undergone a rapid development in the past 20 years. In an overall perception of a residential area in terms of its attractivity and vitality, the location, type, structural and technical condition of buildings have a significant influence, together with related public spaces that are indicative of the place’s continuity of development, identity, specificity and standard of living. A quantitative comparison of public amenities presents the differences between selected municipalities on the Danube development axis and their causal relationships. This paper suggests the minimum standards of public amenities necessary for a positive identification with a residential area on both the locals’ and the visitors’ part.

Social Time In The Life Of A Man And Society

1998 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Alexandr V. Maslikhin
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Time ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages

The subject of this paper is social time-the peculiarities of the Past-Present-Future in social processes, and their unbreakable connection. I also focus on the necessity of taking stock of time in human activities and in the societal development. The Past in progress of society signifies the Already-happened which has become the possession of history. This Past exerts an enormous influence on the Present, determining it both directionally and functionally. The Present includes the Present itself, a part of the Past, and some elements of the Future. It represents the only reality for human beings as life is lived in the Present only. The Present creates the material and spiritual preconditions for the Future. Resolution of contemporary global problems is crucial for our Future which runs sequentially in three stages: immediate Future, visible Future and distant Future. All three exert influence on the Present by providing ideological and informational images. Time disciplines our minds and wills, organizes our actions and promotes our cognitions of the Past, the Present and the Future.

scholarly journals The Vegetation of the Inland Sand Deposits of Illinois

1910 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 23-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject

In the rapid development of ecological and phytogeographical knowledge during the past few decades, the vegetation of sand deposits has been the subject of especially frequent and detailed study. At least three reasons may be mentioned why this type of vegetation has received particular attention. First, sand deposits are usually well developed and form dune complexes of greater or less extent along the shores of the ocean or the larger inland lakes, and in many cases are convenient places for vacation trips. Secondly, the vegetation on sand is usually open and easily studied, and the dynamic nature of the environment is emphasized. For this reason the interrelationsof plant and environment are more easily observed and offer attractive fields for study. Thirdly, sand areas are usually infertile incomparison with their surroundings. They are accordingly frequently left uncultivated and constitute temporary natural preserves,in which the original types of vegetation persist and are available for study.

The Significance of The Review of Politics

1955 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
John U. Nef
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World War ◽  
Creative Mind ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Life ◽  
Second World

During the past fourteen years, since the entry of the United States into the Second World War, and especially since the end of the war (with its disillusioning peace blending into the so-called cold war), the United States has had thrust upon it the problems of the overwhelming difficulties of world leadership. Leadership in the true sense of the word cannot be totalitarian or authoritarian. It must be intellectual, moral and spiritual. This our leading statesmen have sometimes recognized, though not, I am inclined to think, often enough. In any event, it is in these spheres that our peoples have been perhaps the least prepared for our mission. Even in the natural sciences, one of the principal creative sources of American leadership has been individual scientists—such as Einstein, Fermi and Teller—bom and trained in Europe, who found asylum in the United States from Nazi or Fascist tyranny. In so far as the creative mind and its place in the national life are concerned, our main weakness has not been, however, in the natural sciences. During the first half of the twentieth century in the United States these have become distinguished in their own right. When it comes to the practical application of science we have led the world. In no other country have the results of new scientific knowledge been utilized technologically to produce as high a standard of living, measured in material quantity, as in the United States.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the Application of Purchase (Bay') and Loan (Salaf) in the Bank Letter of Guarantee

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
New Products ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Financial Transactions

Currently, rapid development in the Islamic finance sector is aimed to fulfill people’s needs. Because of that, Islamic banks need to produce new products and services with combined contracts which do not confine to a single contract. So, this research is made to identify the reasons of prohibition of the combination of purchase contract (bay') and loan contract (salaf) mentioned in a ḥadtīh. One of these reasons is the combination of two contracts in a single transaction that has been abundantly discussed by the scholars in the past and present. A present example of the combined contracts produced by the newly created financial transactions is “Letter of Guarantee,” where the researchers have found that this contract has been formed by combining two contracts in a single transaction, i.e., bay' and salaf. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the mentioned ḥadīth profoundly before its application in the Islamic banks so that it does not contradict the holy Sharī'ah. The researchers use the data collection method for collecting materials related to the subject of the study. They also use the analytical method to analyze the aḥādīth related to the topic, and then investigate the legitimacy of the application of bay' and salaf in the “Letter of Guarantee,” and its juristic adaptation (takyīf fiqhī). An important finding of this research is that the application of bay' and salaf in the “Letter of Guarantee” is permitted, as long as the higher objectives of Sharīah are considered in it, and there is no involvement with the prohibited things.

EXHIBITING EVERYTHING: A REVIEW ON DAMIEN HIRST’S “REAL” EXHIBITION

ATLAS JOURNAL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 2178-2194
Author(s):  
Dilara KARAKAŞ TABAK
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Artistic Styles ◽  
A Chain

In the development process of art, it is seen that many different artistic styles follow each other. Each movement has been linked to each other in a chain and the way of expression of the artists has been directly affected by the conditions of the period and the cultural background. Contemporary art is undoubtedly completely different from any movement that comes before it. The sharpest point of the break is that the perception of beauty has changed. As a result of this change, a new type of expression that is often difficult to understand, questioning, related to concepts and contexts has emerged. With the transformative power of contemporary art, every object can gain the ability to represent and become a work of art. In this respect, making iconographic analysis in order to better understand the nature of contemporary art requires evaluating the work together with the conditions of the period. In this study, Damien Hirst's new exhibition named "Fact Paintings and Fact Sculptures" has been examined together with the subject of the works, the explicit or hidden meanings of the objects, the past exhibitions of the artist and the similarities of his works with his past works, and the artistic conditions of the period. As a result of the examination, it is seen that the exhibition clearly reflects Hirst's artistic style.

scholarly journals BYD Value Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Main Production

BYD, a Chinese car brand founded in 1995, initially started with only 20 people. But until 2003, it had grown into the second largest rechargeable battery manufacturer in the world and established the BYD Motor Company in the same year. Its main production businesses include business cars and family cars. Because BYD is a new type of car company that starts late and has a lower starting point, it mainly takes the production of low end household small car as its main business. So most of the domestic consumers have been positioning BYD as the low end market. However, BYD has been developing in the high-end market of the mid end market and electric vehicle in the past two years, with low starting point but rapid development. BYD has transformed from an ordinary domestic automobile enterprise into a global electric electric giant. Electric vehicles and buses are exported to more than 170 countries and regions around the world. And more than 20 production bases have been established in the world, with a total area of more than 16 million square meters and about 200 thousand employees. The development of BYD has made us see the rapid development of Chinese economy and Chinese automobile enterprises. The share of domestic automobile in the global automobile market has gradually become bigger. At present, most of the consumers in China lack the scientific and effective evaluation of "BYD". This article is aimed at calculating the value of BYD by the way of value evaluation, and using scientific methods to tell consumers the value and status of BYD.

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