Bronchodilating Activity of Formulated Syrup of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae) Root Extract in Albino Rats

10.17158/335 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen G. Bersabal ◽  
Angeli B. Alaza ◽  
Charlotte Grace D. De Claro ◽  
Bianca Karla P. Licatan
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Dose Levels

<p>Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) root extract, with a bronchodilating agent, is traditionally used for treating asthma. To provide a scientific basis for such claim, this study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the formulated syrup of such extract by determining its acute oral toxicity level, approximate effective dose, the significant difference in the total leukocyte count (TLC), total eosinophil count (TEC) and histopathologic evaluation of lung tissue. Female Swiss mice were used to determine the toxicity at selected fixed dose levels of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg. Approximate Effective Dose (AED) determination was conducted using female albino rats with a logarithmic increase by 0.6 intervals. Animals were administered with alumovalbumin and desired dose of root extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected for leukocyte and eosinophil counts. It was found that acute oral toxicity was at 2000mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. AED has significant influence on TLC and TEC at dose levels of 15.85, 251.19, 1000 and 3981.07 mg/ kg. Analysis of Variance showed a significant difference in the mean of the decrease in the total leukocyte count due to the formulated syrup of root extract, Salbutamol (positive control) and plain syrup (negative control). Tukey’s multiple comparison tests, t-test and histopathologic evaluation on the group treated with Salbutamol and root extract formulation showed no significant difference on the TLC and TEC. Salbutamol was not significantly different from the formulated syrup. Hence, both treatments were effective as bronchodilating agents.</p>

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ARISTOLOCHIA ALBIDA DUCH. LEAVES ON WISTAR RATS LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix F. D. Guinnin ◽  
Jean Robert Klotoe ◽  
Jean Marc Ategbo
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Aristolochia albida Duch is frequently used by alternative medicine to treat some pathologies like hepatitis. Our main objective was to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of the ethanolic extract of this plant.Methods: Exploratory tests for acute oral toxicity are performed in vivo on Wistar albino rats in a limit test of 2000 mg/kg for 14 d in accordance with the OECD Guidelines 423. The clinical signs were observed every day, followed by measurement of body weight change, the haematological and biochemical examinations were executed and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The various clinical signs observed after administration and for 14 d were recorded and no mortality was observed. With the exception of white blood cells, mean cell volume and platelets with statistically significant difference in control (p<0.05), all the haematological parameters showed an insignificant statistical difference to the control ratio (p>0.05). For biochemical parameters, except blood glucose and total protein of control batches, which show a significant statistical difference after 14 d (p>0.05), all the biochemical parameters show the statistically insignificant difference for test and controls batches (p>0.05) as well as the weight variation of the animals.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the leaves of A. albida Duch (EEAr) had not toxic effect on the biochemical and hematological parameters studied at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The lethal dose is therefore over 2000 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Safety and Fertility Potential of Kenyan Grewia tenax (Mukawa Wa Guba) Root Extract Secondary Metabolites

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Peter J. Kasyoki ◽  
Catherine K. Kaingu ◽  
Christine O. Wangia ◽  
Faraj O. Alkizim
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Grewia Tenax

Aim: To screen Kenyan Grewia tenax root extract phytochemicals and correlate the attribute fertility enhancing effects and safety in female albino rats. Study Design: An experimental study design was used. Place and Duration of Study: The phytochemical studies were done at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Department of Botany Laboratory, while acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi (UON) animal house. The study was done during the month of March to June 2019. Methodology: Grewia tenax was harvested with the help of a plant taxonomist. The roots were chopped into small pieces and dried under shade for three weeks. They were then ground into powder. Organic extracts were prepared by sequential extraction (petroleum ether, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and methanol), by use of cold maceration. Aqueous extracts were obtained by hot maceration. Phytochemical screening of extracts was done by standard phytochemical procedures. A total of 12 female albino rats were used in acute oral toxicity studies as per OECD 423 guidelines. Results: Methanol extract had the highest composition of phytochemicals, i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, terpenes and cardiac glycosides. Aqueous and DCM extracts showed presence of alkaloids, saponins and cardiac glycosides, while petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showed presence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Steroids and tannins were absent in all extracts. Flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes are fertility enhancing compounds due to their antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides improve fertility by inducing ovarian steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. In the acute oral toxicity study, there were no adverse effects at 5000 mg/kg extract administration. Conclusion: Kenyan Grewia tenax root extract has phytochemicals postulated to enhance fertility and is orally safe. These findings may require further verification using in vivo studies.

scholarly journals A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽  
Povi Lawson-Evi ◽  
Yendubé T. Kantati ◽  
Tchin Darré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

scholarly journals Acute oral toxicity evaluation of extracts of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides in wister albino rats as per OECD 425 TG

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswar Hazarika ◽  
K.M. Geetha ◽  
P. Sivakami Sundari ◽  
Divya Madhu
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Leukocyte and Thrombocyte Increasing Activity and Nutritional Value of Formulated Suspension from Yellow Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Passifloraceae) Juice

10.17158/225 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florie C. Casalan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Using Swiss mice and male rabbits as test animals, the researcher studied the leukocyte and the thrombocyte increasing activity of the fresh Yellow Passion Fruit juice. This study was conducted by using two parameters: increase in the leukocyte count and increase in the thrombocyte count. The Acute Oral Toxicity Level of the Yellow Passion Fruit Juice was considered non-toxic as it is labeled Category 5 according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Globally Harmonized Classification of Toxicants. The Approximate Effective Dose (AED) of the fruit juice on increasing the leukocytes and thrombocytes ranged from 3.98 to 15.84 mg/kg while the effective dose, ED50 of the population of the male rabbits of the Yellow Passion Fruit juice leukocyte increasing activity was at 11.29 mg/kg body weight and the ED50 in thrombocyte increasing activity was at 11.93 mg/kg body weight. The t-test analysis revealed a significant difference before and after treatment of Yellow Passion Fruit juice suspension on leukocytes while there was no significant difference before and after treatment of Yellow Passion Fruit juice suspension on thrombocytes of male rabbits. It can be inferred that the formulated Passion Fruit juice suspension only possesses an increasing activity on leukocyte count.

The fixed-dose procedure and the acute-toxic-class method: a mathematical comparison

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 974-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stallard ◽  
A. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Acute Toxic

The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed by the British Toxicology Society, and the acute-toxic-class (ATC) method, proposed by the German Federal Health Authority, provide alternatives to the LD50 test for classify ing substances by their acute oral toxicity. This paper pre sents a mathematical model that is used to compare the two procedures in terms of their classification properties and the required numbers of animals. It is found that the classification properties of the proce dures depend on the dose levels used, the number of ani mals tested per dose and the criteria that are used to decide whether testing should continue at a higher or lower dose. For substances with steep dose-response curves, the most likely classification is determined chiefly by the choice of the dose levels whilst the number of ani mals and continuation criteria used are increasingly important for substances with dose-response curves with a smaller slope. The use of toxicity as a possible endpoint as in the FDP and the use of a two-stage testing procedure at each dose as in the ATC method are both found to reduce the expect ed numbers of animals required with little effect on the classification properties. On the strength of these findings it is indicated that a new procedure combining the dose levels and testing approach of the ATC method with the inclusion of toxicity as an endpoint as in the FDP would be more efficient than either the FDP or the ATC method.

scholarly journals Non-clinical safety profile and pharmacodynamics of two formulations of the anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih M. Uckun ◽  
Cemal Orhan ◽  
Joy Powell ◽  
Emre Sahin ◽  
Ibrahim H. Ozercan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Levels

AbstractHere, we demonstrate that the two distinct formulations of our anti-sepsis drug candidate Rejuveinix (RJX) have a very favorable safety profile in Wistar Albino rats at dose levels comparable to the projected clinical dose levels. 14-day treatment with RJX-P or RJX-B similarly elevated the day 15 tissue levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as ascorbic acid in both the lungs and liver in a dose-dependent fashion. The activity of SOD and ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in tissues of RJX-P or RJX-B treated rats than vehicle-treated control rats (p <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between tissues SOD activity or ascorbic acid levels of rats treated with RJX-P vs. rats treated with RJX-B (p >0.05). The observed elevations of the SOD and ascorbic acid levels were transient and were no longer detectable on day 28 following a 14-day recovery period. These results demonstrate that RJX-P and RJX-B are bioequivalent relative to their pharmacodynamic effects on tissue SOD and ascorbic acid levels.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Safety of Karnasphota (Cardiospermum halicacabum L.) Leaf through Acute Oral Toxicity Study and Repeated Dose: 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Albino Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Sudesh N Gaidhani ◽  
Kandiyoor R Surabhi ◽  
Yalwar R Sanjayakumar ◽  
Paravazhi Radhakrishnan ◽  
Natarajan Thamizhselvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats
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