scholarly journals Characterization of women and youth smallholder agricultural entrepreneur’s in rural irrigation schemes in Vhembe district, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-122
Author(s):  
Mavhungu ◽  
Nesamvuni ◽  
Tshikolomo ◽  
Raphulu ◽  
Van Niekerk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Vhembe District

The purpose of the study was to characterize irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprises (ISAEs) in selected areas of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. The characterization focused on the geophysical environment and on participants in ISAEs.  Precipitation was at most 460mmpa for villages along Madimbo Corridor and 701-1380mmpa for those along Mutale Valley, and temperatures were 38.1℃-44.0℃ (Madimbo) and 30.0℃-40.0℃ (Mutale). Groundwater supplemented surface water and was utilized more at Madimbo Corridor compared to Mutale Valley. The study area was characterized as semi-arid to sub-humid, hence technologies for efficient irrigation should be promoted. Participants in ISAEs were female (94.9%), and adult (52.72%) with low education levels (67.7% ≤ secondary education). The majority (88.65%) were not formally employed (54.61% self-employed, 34.04% full-time farmers). Participants experienced some level of poverty, 68.03 percent received low household incomes (R1001-R5000/month), 77 percent received social grants. Interestingly, the majority (65.31%) stayed in multiple-roomed houses, had cement brick walls, and corrugated iron roofs (54.42%), and all had electricity, a stove, and a fridge. Also, majority-owned radio (96.67%), DSTV (87.45%), vehicles (65.56%), and cellphones. Participants mostly provided adequate food supply (91.84%) with three meals/day (79.38%) except during hard times where 49.56 percent provided fewer meals mostly due to delayed readiness of farm produce. Strategies to empower ISAE participants to be more effective should consider their gender, age, education, and economic status estimated by income, asset ownership, and food security.

Climate Change Mainstreaming in Extension Agents Training Curricula: A Case of Mopani and Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Zafezeka Mbali Zikhali ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya ◽  
Maxwell Mudhara ◽  
Obert Jiri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Vhembe District

This study assessed the provision of informal training offered by the Limpopo Department of Agriculture, South Africa, to agricultural extension officers (AEOs). The study used surveyed 90 public extension officers purposively sampled. There were statistically significant differences in extension officers’ exposure to climate change between their education levels and in the provision of climate change training between extension officers’ work experience ( P⩽0.05). The study concluded that the majority of AEOs have not been fully exposed to climate information prior to their employment. This suggests that the information gap in Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services (AEAS) stems from the slow mainstreaming and integration of climate change information.

scholarly journals Perceptions on irrigation water supply and utilisation by smallholder agricultural enterprises in Vhembe district of Limpopo Province, South Africa

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 968-979
Author(s):  
Azwihangwisi E. Nesamvuni ◽  
Khathutshelo A. Tshikolomo ◽  
Ndivhudzannyi S. Mpandeli ◽  
Melanie De Bruyn ◽  
Samkelisiwe Hlophe-Ginindza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vhembe District ◽  
Very High ◽  
Surface Water Supply

The study investigated perceptions on irrigation water supply and utilisation by Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises (SHAEs) in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province. More (55.4%) SHAEs depended on surface water as the main source for irrigation. Surface water supply was ranked moderate in the majority of SHAEs, both for summer (58.6%) and winter (69.7%) irrigation and was regarded as always available (51.3%). Groundwater was the main source in 44.2% of SHAEs and was ranked very high for summer (55.7%) and winter (34.4%) irrigation. Groundwater was perceived to have the advantage of being always available in 83.6% of SHAEs while 64.9% complained about higher pumping costs. One in three (33.9%) SHAEs revealed they irrigated two to four times a day while one in five (18.7%) irrigated once every eight to 14 days. The mean amount of water used to irrigate was estimated at 5 300,88l +/- 20 762,91l. Almost two in three (62.6%) SHAEs experienced competition for water. Statistically, signification association was observed between the main source for irrigation and monthly income (X2 (1) = 7.10, p < 0.013) after the Bonferroni adjustment. It was determined that 51,3% of SHAEs with income </= R5000/month used surface water as the main source for irrigation compared to 69.6% with income > R5000/month.

scholarly journals Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative Study

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402098261
Author(s):  
Rula Odeh Alsawalqa
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Abuse Of Women

As the literature on the economic abuse of women in Arabic contexts is quite limited, we aimed to detect the correlation between this economic abuse and a variety of demographic variables. Specifically, we considered women’s age, education, income, number of children, and length of marriage, as well as the husband’s education and employment status. We distributed questionnaires that included the economic, psychological, and community composite abuse scales to 500 married working women in the capital of Amman, Jordan. The results revealed that the economic abuse of women decreased as their education levels and length of marriage increased, as long as the husband worked full-time. In addition, a husband’s high education level would also increase the likelihood of economic abuse. Most importantly, the findings showed that economic abuse definitively heightened the probability of intimate partner violence (psychological, emotional, and physical abuse, as well as harassment).

scholarly journals Factors affecting integration of midwifery nursing science theory with clinical practice in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province as perceived by professional midwives

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thivhulawi Malwela ◽  
Sonto M. Maputle ◽  
Rachel T. Lebese
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Contextual Design ◽  
Vhembe District

Background: Professional midwives have an important role to play in midwifery training to produce a competent midwife. According to the social learning theory, professional midwives act as role models for students. When allocated for clinical learning experiences in the training hospitals, students will have the opportunity to observe the well-trained, skilled, and experienced professional midwives. The whole process will enable students to integrate theory with practice and they will become competent.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting integration of midwifery nursing science theory with clinical practice as perceived by midwives.Setting: The study was conducted at the training hospitals in Vhembe district of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. These hospitals were: Donald Fraser, Siloam, and Tshidzini.Methods: A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used. A Nonprobability, convenient sampling method was used to select 11 midwives from the following hospitals: Donald Fraser, Siloam, and Tshidzini, in Vhembe district. In-depth individual interviews were conducted. Data were analysed through open coding method.Result: One theme and five sub-themes emerged from the analysed data, namely: shortage of midwives, attitudes towards student midwives, reluctance to perform teaching functions, language barriers, and declining midwifery practice standards.Conclusion: Shortage of midwives in the clinical areas led to fewer numbers of mentors whom the students could observe and imitate to acquire clinical skills. Some of the midwives were reluctant to teach students. Recommendations were made for both training institutions and hospitals to employ preceptors for students in the clinical practical.

Assets and Economic Mobility in a Youth Cohort, 1985–1997

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Economic Mobility ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Positive Economic ◽  
Full Time Employment

This study examined the role of assets in economic mobility within a youth cohort (N = 4,467) between 1985 and 19 97. Increasing percentages of poor and affluent youth resided in families with no change in economic status while increasing percentages of middle-class youth resided in families experiencing downward economic mobility. The rate of economic stasis of youth living in affluent families was about three times that of those in poor families. Length of time of asset ownership influenced economic mobility beyond that of background, sociodemographic, psychological, and other cumulative correlates. In particular, IRAs and tax-deferred annuities were related to positive economic mobility. Robust indicators of positive economic mobility included being a college graduate, number of siblings in family of origin, number of years of full-time employment, number of years living in households where someone received either AFDC/TANF or SSI, and locus of control. Robust indicators of downward economic mobility included age of respondent, number of years married, and being Catholic. Finally, neither sex nor race/ethnicity increased the explanatory power of positive economic mobility beyond that of other correlates regardless of asset ownership. Discussion also includes public and private initiatives to expand IRAs into Individual Development Accounts and to encourage employers to offer (and workers to take advantage of) tax-deferred annuities, particularly for low-income workers.

scholarly journals Sexual risk behaviour amongst young people in the Vhembe district of the Limpopo province, South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelmah X. Maluleke
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Famous Person ◽  
Vhembe District

This study entailed a quantitative, cross-sectional survey amongst young people in four villages of the Vhembe district of the Limpopo province. The purpose of the research was to determine the sexual health risk behaviour indicators prevalent amongst young people that could contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS in this district. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify sexual risk behaviour, (2) to establish the prevalence of substance use before sexual intercourse, (3) to determine the prevalence of coerced sexual intercourse and (4) to determine the prevalence of forced sexual intercourse amongst young people in the Vhembe district.Purposive sampling was used to select the four villages that participated in the study and simple,random sampling was used to select the respondents. A total of 400 respondents participated in the study, 227 of which were female and 173 were male. The following sexual risk behaviour indicators were identified (1) early sexual debut, (2) teenage pregnancy and (3) early marriage. It was found that young people expose themselves to sexual intercourse without condoms, and that they are likely to have sexual intercourse without a condom in return for reward, and to have sexual intercourse with a famous person. Approximately 20% of the sexually active respondents had used substances before sexual intercourse. Alcohol and marijuana (‘dagga’) were most commonly used amongst those respondents taking substances before sexual intercourse, and these were used predominantly in coerced and forced sexual intercourse.OpsommingDie studie was ’n kwantitatiewe, deursnee-opname wat onder jongmense in vier dorpies in die Vhembe-distrik van die Limpopo-provinsie uitgevoer is. Die doel van die navorsing was om vas te stel watter aanwysers van risikogedrag ten opsigte van seksuele gesondheid onder die jongmense voorkom wat moontlik tot die verspreiding van MIV en vigs in hierdie distrik bydra. Die doelstellings van hierdie studie was om (1) seksuele risikogedrag te identifiseer, (2) die voorkoms van middelgebruik voor seksuele omgang te bepaal, (3) die voorkoms van gedwonge seksuele omgang en (4) die voorkoms van geforseerde seksuele omgang onder jongmense in die Vhembedistrik te bepaal.Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om die vier dorpies wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, te selekteer en eenvoudige ewekansige steekproefneming is gebruik om die respondente te selekteer.’n Totaal van 400 respondente het aan die studie deelgeneem, waarvan 227 vroulik en 173 manlik was. Die volgende aanwysers van seksuele risikogedrag is geïdentifiseer (1) vroeë seksuele debuut,(2) tienerswangerskap en (3) vroeë huwelik. Daar is gevind dat jongmense hulself aan seksuele omgang sonder kondome blootstel, en dat hulle waarskynlik seksuele omgang sonder ’n kondoom sal hê in ruil vir vergoeding en seksuele omgang met ’n bekende persoon sal hê. Ongeveer 20% van die seksueel aktiewe respondente het middels voor seksuele omgang gebruik. Alkohol en marijuana(‘dagga’) was die algemeenste middels onder diegene wat middels voor seksuele omgang gebruikhet, en dit is meestal in gedwonge en geforseerde seksuele omgang gebruik.

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