scholarly journals Fraudulent records – Grave forensic consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-274
Author(s):  
Leanne M Sykes ◽  
Liam Robertson ◽  
Herman Bernitz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Chain Of Evidence ◽  
Investigative Team

Natural disasters, fatal accidents, and violent criminal offences are part of everyday life. All of these may result in fatalities that shatter the lives of the victim’s families and friends. Their trauma is compounded by the fact that all unnatural deaths have to be investigated, and the bodies of the deceased positively identified before they can be released to the families for burial. Bodies of victims of violent crimes, fires, drowning, motor vehicle or aviation accidents, work place fatalities or situations where some time has elapsed since death may be so disfigured that “identification by a family member is neither possible or desirable”. Often the nature or degree of the injury may be so extensive that fingerprinting is also not a viable option. DNA analysis may be considered, however it takes time and is a costly procedure. There are also concerns with maintaining strict control over the chain of evidence during all additional procedures and tests. Thus, in these situations the forensic odontologist may be called in as part of the investigative team.

Television and Violent Criminal Behavior: Beyond the Bobo Doll

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Heath ◽  
Candace Kruttschnitt ◽  
David Ward
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Encoding Specificity ◽  
The Relationship

This study builds on the research concerning television viewing and aggression by extending the external validity, or generalizability, of the dependent variable. We assess the relationship between self-reported television viewing at 8, 10, and 12 years of age and the subsequent commission of a violent criminal act. This study is based on interview data from 48 males incarcerated for violent crimes and 45 nonincarcerated, nonviolent males matched on age, race, and neighborhood of residence during adolescence. Results show that the extent of a respondent’s reported television viewing was not, in and of itself, predictive of violent criminal acts. Instead, it was the interaction of heavy doses of television viewing and exposure to either maternal or paternal abuse that related to violent crime. These findings support the efforts of some recent scholars in their attempts to understand why television has a negative effect on only some viewers. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive formulations of neoassociationism, encoding specificity, and the double-dose effect.

scholarly journals A study on the nature of criminal offences in prisoners with psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Sunilkumar R. Suryavanshi ◽  
Ivan S. Netto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
Research Criteria

Background: There are very few Indian studies related to the nature of criminal offences in individuals with psychiatric disorders.Methods: Sample consisted of 50 prisoners admitted to a Mental hospital. Their diagnostic categorization was done according to ICD-10 diagnostic research criteria and criminal offences using the Indian Penal code (IPC). The criminal offences and nature of psychiatric illness were divided into two broad groups as violent/non-violent criminal offence and schizophrenia/non-schizophrenia groups respectively.Results: 46 males and 4 female prisoners participated. Murder (IPC 302) was the most common crime among the prisoners. 88% (44) of them had a history of violent crimes and 12% (6) had non-violent crimes. The violent crimes were mainly murder (IPC 302), attempt to murder (IPC 307), and culpable homicide not amounting to murder (IPC 304) and voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons (IPC 323, 324, 325, 326). The non-violent crimes were destroying, damaging or defiling (IPC 295), kidnapping (IPC 363), theft (IPC 379) and sexual crimes (IPC 376). All females had committed murder while males had other crimes in addition to murder.Conclusions: Murder, attempt to murder, rape, kidnapping, grievous injury and theft were the crimes committed by the prisoners. Murder was the most common crime committed by both male and female prisoners. Most prisoners with violent crimes (murder) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This has implications for mental health services, training of mental health professional research and policy in forensic psychiatry in the Indian setting. 

scholarly journals INVESTIGATIVE SITUATIONS OF INTERROGATION OF A VIOLENT CRIMINAL DEFENDANT

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
O.V. Bespechniy ◽  
M.A. Neymark
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Criminal Defendant ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Judicial Investigation

The article examines the problems of the tactics of interrogating the defendant when the court considerscriminal cases of violent crimes against the person. The urgency of such a study is substantiated. Theimportance of the interrogation of the defendant in the establishment by the court of the circumstances ofthe criminal event in question is noted. Typical situations of judicial investigation are determined, dependingon the position of the defendant. The differences of such situations from investigative situations emerging atthe stage of preliminary investigation are revealed. The features of investigative situations of interrogation ofthe defendant, their significance for the construction of the tactics of the judicial investigation are considered.The peculiarities of the formation of the testimony of the defendant during the judicial examination ofcriminal cases of violent crimes, the factors influencing their formation are revealed. Highlighted the typicalversions put forward by the defense when the court is considering criminal cases of violent crimes. Tacticalrecommendations for organizing the interrogation of the defendant are formulated, the circumstancesthat require clarification during interrogation are indicated, tactical techniques that can be used by theprosecution to ensure the effectiveness of the interrogation are determined.

scholarly journals Using Forensic Anthropology to Investigate Mass Graves: Comparative Case Studies from Rwanda and Guatemala

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis L. VanBaarle ◽  
Class of 2021
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Commingled Remains ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Investigative Team

Excavation of mass graves can help in the aftermath of genocides by providing closure for surviving families and aiding in successful prosecution of criminals. In this article, I compare the methods used to investigate mass graves from cases in Rwanda and Guatemala. Anthropologists in Guatemala used excavations to provide closure for families who suffered through a 36-year governmental assault on the indigenous Mayan people. In contrast, Rwanda’s genocide on ethnic Tutsi compelled the UN to form an investigative team to use evidence collected to prosecute those whomthey deemed to have committed crimes against humanity. Comparing these two cases exemplifies how purpose affects exhumation, analysis, and resources; for example, Guatemalan investigators worked extensively with local peoples throughout investigations, while Rwandan investigators only used families to obtain legally defensible positive identificationIDs. In addition, Iwilladdress some of the issues with excavation of mass graves,including resource deficits, DNA analysis, and commingled remains.

scholarly journals Outcome of fractures of dorso lumbar spine treated by short segment posterior stabilization with intermediate pedicle screws

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
N. Manikandan ◽  
Babu Aloy
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Posterior Stabilization ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Posterior Stabilisation

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Spine fractures are common in today’s world due to high frequency of motor vehicle accidents and work place injuries. These are major cause of disability in adult population. The mortality rate following spinal injuries is 7%. The aim of the study was to study the functional and radiological outcome of fractures of dorso lumbar spine treated by short segment posterior stabilization with intermediate pedicle screws.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Dorso-lumbar fractures with intact pedicle on the fractured segment, Load sharing classification score of equal or less than 6, Neurologic involvement caused by the fracture, loss of vertebral body height by more than 50% and kyphosis angle more than 20° are included. Patients with multiple level fractures and pathological fractures were excluded from the study. Denis classification and AO classification were used. Load sharing score is used to decision making for intermediate screw fixation.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> L1 is more frequently fractured followed by D12. Distraction type (AO) and burst (Denis) are most common types. 4 of our patients had complete neurological deficit. 15 had incomplete deficit and 11 patients doesn’t have any neurological involvement. Frankel A grade cases remained in the same grade. Mean Kyphotic correction is 6.7°. Mean AVBCP in the postoperative cases 26. None of the cases developed kyphosis or loss of correction in the follow up. Outcome using Roland Morris disability questionnaire is excellent in 64.3%, good in 21.6% and poor in 14.3% cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> To conclude that short segment posterior stabilisation with intermediate screws provides better biomechanical stability when compared with conventional short segment fixation.</p>

scholarly journals PELATIHAN PROSEDUR LABORATORIUM ANALISIS DNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Dewi Indriyani Roslim ◽  
Herman Herman ◽  
Roza Elvyra ◽  
Nery Sofiyanti ◽  
Ennie Chahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Paternity Test ◽  
Analysis Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Currently, analysis based on DNA is one of the techniques for solving the problems such as paternity test, determining the identity of accident victims, natural disasters victims, and authentication of foods ingredients. But not everyone knows about the stages of DNA analysis laboratory procedures. The purpose of this workshop is to provide knowledgments about DNA analysis laboratory procedures. The training was attended by 30 participants from various universities and research centers in Riau Province. Workshop materials include DNA isolation of animal, plant and bacterial, electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and visualization of DNA bands. Evaluation uses a questionnaire distributed to participants. Questionnaire analysis showed that workshop was very useful especially for beginners who want to be involved in DNA analysis activities in the laboratory.

Feasibility Analysis of Using Local Remanufactured Products: A Case Study of Industrial Starters and Alternators

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang ◽  
Teresa J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
International Trade Commission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
The Third ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Forecasting Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Annual Amount

Reported by the U.S. International Trade Commission, production of remanufactured goods had a total annual amount of approximately $43 billion and accounted for about 2% of total manufacturing annual sales from 2009–2011. The remanufacturing industry of motor vehicle parts was the third largest of the remanufacturing sectors and had a production of remanufactured goods with an annual total of approximately $6.2 billion in 2011. Reliable replacement engine parts for heavy duty equipment in Alaska are a high need. Remanufactured engine parts are one way to fulfill that need. While remanufactured industrial starters and alternators are available in Alaska they are currently remanufactured out of state and shipped to a local Anchorage, Alaska business to be sold. The purpose of this paper is to determine what the best method of obtaining industrial starters and alternators is. To that end a variety of forecasting analysis is performed using data from an Anchorage, Alaska business. The results indicate that while remanufacturing industrial starters and alternators in Anchorage, Alaska is possible, there are some problems such as core availability and employee utilization that need to be overcome in order to make it a viable option.

scholarly journals Trauma journalism and disaster resilience. German journalists’ coping strategies when reporting about crime, violence, accidents, crises and natural disasters

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Verhovnik
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Violent Crimes

Accidents, violent crimes, war and natural disasters are traumatic experiences for individuals directly and indirectly involved, and often result in long-lasting consequences which are difficult to deal with. Journalists who report on these incidents are part of this group. Since the events on 9/11, this topic has shifted into the public’s focus, but there is still little known about the effects of crisis coverage for the journalists involved. The results of 30 semi-structured interviews show a dependence on coping strategies for the specific job situation, and a dependence on third variables, such as age and individual resources.

scholarly journals Predicting Spatial Crime Occurrences through an Efficient Ensemble-Learning Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Yasmine Lamari ◽  
Bartol Freskura ◽  
Anass Abdessamad ◽  
Sarah Eichberg ◽  
Simon de Bonviller
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Selection Of

While the use of crime data has been widely advocated in the literature, its availability is often limited to large urban cities and isolated databases that tend not to allow for spatial comparisons. This paper presents an efficient machine learning framework capable of predicting spatial crime occurrences, without using past crime as a predictor, and at a relatively high resolution: the U.S. Census Block Group level. The proposed framework is based on an in-depth multidisciplinary literature review allowing the selection of 188 best-fit crime predictors from socio-economic, demographic, spatial, and environmental data. Such data are published periodically for the entire United States. The selection of the appropriate predictive model was made through a comparative study of different machine learning families of algorithms, including generalized linear models, deep learning, and ensemble learning. The gradient boosting model was found to yield the most accurate predictions for violent crimes, property crimes, motor vehicle thefts, vandalism, and the total count of crimes. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets of crimes reported in 11 U.S. cities demonstrated that the proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 73% and 77% when predicting property crimes and violent crimes, respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis The Potentials and Barriers of Applying Flexible Ridesharing Method in Southern Expressway in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeeshani K.N. Silva ◽  
◽  
Chamodhi S. Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Work Place ◽  
The Public ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Research Findings

The ridesharing arrangement means the transportation of persons in a motor vehicle when such transportation is incidental to the principal purpose of the driver, which is to reach a destination and not to transport person for profit. Internet based ridesharing is the method that allows individuals in need of transportation to access a pool of drivers through a mobile app. The research aim is to find out the potential of applying internet based ridesharing in Sri Lanka under three main objectives; to ascertain the problems of the current transportation system available in Southern Expressway, to analyze the commuters’ perception towards the internet-based ridesharing concept and to examine the potential barriers and constraints of application of internet based the ridesharing system in Southern Expressway. Accordingly, data is collected using three samples representing 30 commuters from each group; the public bus users, personal vehicle users, and arranged hired vehicle users who are frequent commuters of the Southern Expressway. According to the research findings, the majority (90%) of the commuters use Southern Expressway to travel their work place and perceive travel cost as fair cost in contrast to time. The majority of the commuters’ view is the availability of buses in Southern Expressway is not at a satisfactory level. More than 90% said Southern Expressway is much comfortable to travel. The majority of the commuters (85%) willing to use the ridesharing if it is available for Southern Expressway. More than 90% have internet access and therefore the application is not much difficult to implement in Sri Lanka. Even though, people are willing to use ridesharing application, there are some barriers have identified through this study such as gender issues, social status and fear to travel with strangers. Anyhow, research findings have shed green light to implement the ridesharing methods in southern Expressway despite of the prevailing barriers

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document