scholarly journals Seedling dynamics and community forecast for disturbed forests of the Western Himalayas: a multivariate analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
Afsheen Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana ◽  
Dca Ordination ◽  
Disturbed Environment

The present study focuses on the forest structure of highly disturbed sites in Western Himalayan regions in Pakistan. In this study, the regeneration potential of conifer species is a key point for the assessment of future conifer status in disturbed environment by employing multivariate techniques. The forests are composed of four conifer species Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks, Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don, and Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle., associated with broadleaved species Quercus baloot Griffith, Quercus dilatata Raf., and Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook. Cluster analysis shows five groups when Pinus wallichiana (PW) forms the largest group, incorporates with other conifers and broadleaved species and in some cases it overlaps with its subgroups forming a pure larger group. Similarly in DCA (ordination) overlapping exists in all the axes while elevation is the only variable that shows a highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation with conifers. Cedrus deodara (CD) with Quercus baloot (QB) and Aesculus indica (AI) shares a significant (P < 0.05) correlation in the same habitat while there is no correlation between the remaining conifers. It is anticipated that overlapping in cluster analysis and ordination and non-significant correlations in cluster analysis and ordination are due to the highly disturbed nature of the sites. It is also suggested that seedling recruitment and development are highly affected due to the anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, proper maintenance of the forest, proper management and conservational practice should be imposed. 

scholarly journals Seedling diversity and spatial distribution of some conifers and associated tree species in highly disturbed Western Himalayan regions in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Afsheen Khan
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Abies Pindrow ◽  
Associated Species

This article encompasses the impacts of disturbance, regeneration potential of conifers and the dynamics of tree species seedlings along the spatial scale in Murree forest. The seedling status preferably of conifers along with associated broadleaved dominant tree species is determined by a quantitative evaluation of diversity functions. An empirical approach is applied to predicting the future of seedlings under stress as well as the current hypothetical appearance of seedlings in the forest. The need of analysing diversity of this forest is due to highly disturbed conditions there, and this paper is designed to know the recent trends of species diversity in the area. Species diversity and species abundance at a seedling level are estimated by using standard formulas of diversity measurements. Thirty stands are used for the evaluation of seedling abundance in highly disturbed conditions with the examination of diversity in the area. Seedling density is too low in the forest whereas diversity is also in poor condition. Seedlings from four conifers with three broadleaved species in different stands indicated the low density of future trees. The mean density·ha<sup>–1</sup> of pine seedlings is consecutively low in Pinus wallichiana (16 ± 2), Pinus roxburghii (11 ± 3), Cedrus deodara (9 ± 3), Abies pindrow (8 ± 3). The correlation coefficient is as low as 0.76, 0.66 and 0.61 in Pinus roxburghii, Cedrus deodara and Abies pindrow, respectively, while Pinus wallichiana showed a significant correlation, i.e. P &gt; 0.5. Hence, this study claims that the survival of the forest is threatened as seedling density and diversity are too low. This forest needs serious attention towards preventing and conserving pines and other associated species seedlings for the existence of this forest in future.

scholarly journals Typology and characterization of the pampean beekeeping systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Tomás Bragulat ◽  
Elena Angón ◽  
Alberto Giorgis ◽  
José Perea
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Random Survey

Objective: Identify and characterize the beekeeping systems of La Pampa (Argentina) using multivariate techniques based on the main structural, productive and economic characteristics. Methodology: The data was collected through a random survey of 80 beekeepers. The classification and description of the apicultural systems was based on a multivariate sequence comprising three stages: review and selection of variables, factor analysis and cluster analysis. Results: Factor analysis revealed that the size of the farm and the productive and economic performance of beekeeping jointly explained 66% of the variability. Through cluster analysis, three types of beekeeping have been identified: (i) Subsistence beekeeping grouped 55% of the farms, mainly characterized by small sizes and low productive and economic yields. (ii) Industrial beekeeping concentrated 54% of production in 15% of farms, mainly characterized by large sizes and high productive and economic yields. (iii) Commercial beekeeping grouped 30% of the farms, mainly characterized by high productivity with intermediate sizes. Limitations: The study has been carried out on a few farms due to the difficulty of obtaining answers to all the variables included in the survey. Practical implications: Beekeeping in La Pampa is generally a highly heterogeneous complement of income or family subsistence, with low productivity and low input use. Subsistence beekeeping is a socially relevant system for its contribution to family employment and income in rural areas. Industrial beekeeping is oriented to the export market and has a more competitive scale. Commercial beekeeping is situated on an intermediate scale.

scholarly journals AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF SOME SELECTED GYMNOSPERM SPECIES ALONG THE ROAD SIDE OF KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Prakash Hamal ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Air Pollution Tolerance Index ◽  
Polluted Sites

Response of plants towards air pollution is assessed by air pollution tolerance index (APTI). Four species of Gymnosperms (Thuja orientiales, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburghii and Araucaria bidwillii) were evaluated for APTI. Leaves were collected during winter season from polluted sites (Airport, Dhumbarahi, Jawalakhel, Ratnapark, and Sankhapark) and less polluted site (Narayanthan) of Kathmandu valley. Of four gymnosperm species collected from road side, all species (Cedrus deodara, Araucaria bidwillii, Thuja orientiales and Pinus roxburghii) showed high value of APTI (i.e., more than 8), indicating their resistance to air pollution.ECOPRINT 24: 13-19, 2017

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the macrozoobenthos in the Solís Grande Stream estuary (Canelones-Maldonado, Uruguay)

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MUNIZ ◽  
N. VENTURINI
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Variation Explained

The analysis of 24 quantitative macrobenthic samples taken from the Solís Grande Stream estuary yielded 10 species from a total of 4,446 individuals. It was verified that both species richness and diversity was lower than those recorded in nearby regions with similar environmental conditions. In contrast with other studies, a marked dominance of any of the present species was not verified. All the species recorded correspond to typical estuarine organisms. Abundance data were analysed with multivariate techniques and the results showed a relationship with salinity, mean diameter and the percentage of fine sand. According to the cluster analysis and the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) four groups of stations were defined. The partition out of total variation of the species data showed that the amount of variation explained by the space alone was low. Spatial patterns observed and their possible causes are analysed and discussed in relation to the natural factors that acts in this coastal ecosystem.

scholarly journals Chloroplast microsatellites reveal genetic diversity and population structure in natural populations of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
H. S. Ginwal ◽  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Priti Chauhan ◽  
Kirti Chamling Rai ◽  
Santan Barthwal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellites ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
High Level

AbstractHimalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) is one of the most important temperate timber species of Western Himalayas and is considered to be among the endangered conifer species in the region. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR) were used to study genetic diversity and population structure in twenty one natural populations of C. deodara throughout its entire distribution range in Western Himalayas. When alleles at each of the 10 loci were jointly analysed, 254 different haplotypes were identified among 1050 individuals. The cpSSRs indicate that C. deodara forests maintain a moderately high level of genetic diversity (mean h = 0.79 ). AMOVA analysis showed that most of the diversity in C. deodara occurs within populations. Bayesian analysis for population structure (BAPS) revealed spatial structuration of the variation (22 % of the total variation) and substructuring captured nineteen genetic clusters in the entire divisions of the populations. Most of the populations were clustered independently with minor admixtures. The distribution of genetic diversity and sub-structuring of C. deodara may be due to restricted gene flow due to geographic isolation, genetic drift, and natural selection. These findings indicated existence of genetically distinct and different high diversity and low diversity clusters, which are potential groups of populations that require attention for their conservation and management. The results are interpreted in context of future conservation plans for C. deodara.

scholarly journals Diversity and Ethnobotanical Importance of Pine Species from Sub-Tropical Forests, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Kishwar Sultana ◽  
Sher Wali Khan ◽  
Safdar Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana ◽  
General Investigation ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Abies Pindrow

A general investigation of sub-tropical forests, from Pir Chinasi National Park, Tolipir National Park, Dhirkot Nature Reserve and Banjosa Game Reserve was carried out during different months from February 2008 to May 2010. The relative abundance of species was calculated using line transects of 50m. A total of five different species (Abies pindrow. Cedrus deodara, Pinus wallichiana, Pinus roxburgii and Picea smithiana) from the Pinaceae family were recorded. The main reported use of Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana by the local people was for furniture and construction purposes. Pinus wallichiana was observed as the dominant species from all the selected sites.

scholarly journals Screening of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Salt Tolerance on the Basis of Physiochemical Characteristics and Bio-Physiological Parameters and Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Farzana Shaheen ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Tasneem Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen Ashraf ◽  
Kafeel Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Physiological Indices

Salt stress is a major threat for growth and development of wheat crop. Screening technique for salinity tolerance is an effective tool to identify tolerant cultivar and high yielding wheat genotypes. Present study was carried out to screen twenty wheat genotypes under laboratory terms utilizing various growth and physiological indices like plant fresh weight stress indices (PFSI), plant height stress tolerance index (PHSI), shoot length stress tolerance index (SLSI), germination stress tolerance index (GSI), plant dry weight stress indices (PDSI), root length stress tolerance index (RLSI), relative water content (RWC). Multivariate techniques like cluster analysis and correlation were used to analyze the variance between wheat genotypes. The correlations analysis indicated significant among different physiological indices like GSI, SLSI, RLSI, PFSI, PDSI and RWC. On the basis of cluster analysis 20 wheat genotypes were classified into three clusters: first cluster included (The genotype WL-711 was the premier scorer followed by Nifa Bathoor, ARRI-II and Millat-11) presents sufficient salt tolerating degree, on the other hand, cluster-2 is comprised of wheat genotypes (Inqilab-91, NIAB-09, Punjab-96, Sehar-2006, Tatara, AS-2002, SA-75, Lasani-09, FSD-08 and Galaxy-13) with medium level of salt tolerance and cluster-3 included genotypes (LU-26-S, Fakhar e Sarhad, Bakhtawar, Punjab-11, Barsat and Kohistan-97) did not perform upto the mark and have lower level of salt tolerance. Correlation analysis among different screening techniques indicated that physiological indices exhibited highly significant and positive correlations among GSI, PHSI, SLSI, PDSI, PFSI, and RWC while non-significant correlation existed among PDSI and RLSI. The correlation between PFSI and RWC was significant. Significant correlations between cluster analysis and different indices also proved that salt tolerant wheat genotypes screened.

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