scholarly journals Effects of putrescine and low temperature on the apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of two wheat cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Çakmak ◽  
Ö. Atıcı
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The effects of putrescine (a polyamine), low temperature and their combinations on the activities of apoplastic antioxidant enzymes were studied in the leaves of two wheat cultivars, winter (Dogu-88) and spring (Gerek-79). Fifteen-day-old wheat seedlings were treated with putrescine solutions (0.1, 1 and 10mM) prior to cold treatment (5/3°C). The activities of apoplastic catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were determined in the leaves both under normal and cold conditions at 1, 3 and 5 days. The results indicate that cold treatment significantly increased the activities of apoplastic catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in winter wheat while not generally affecting spring wheat. Under control conditions, the putrescine treatments were more effective in increasing the enzyme activities in winter wheat than in spring wheat. However, under cold conditions, the putrescine treatments surprisingly induced enzyme activities in spring wheat while generally reducing those in winter wheat leaves. The results show that putrescine may act as an agent inducing primary changes in the apoplastic antioxidant system of wheat leaves during reactive oxygen species-mediated damage caused by low temperature stress.

Cytokines increase rat lung antioxidant enzymes during exposure to hyperoxia

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. White ◽  
P. Ghezzi ◽  
S. McMahon ◽  
C. A. Dinarello ◽  
J. E. Repine
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Pretreatment with the combination of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF/C) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in lungs of rats continuously exposed to hyperoxia for 72 h, a time when all untreated rats had already died. Pretreatment with TNF/C and IL-1 also increased, albeit slightly, lung G6PDH and GR activities of rats exposed to hyperoxia for 4 or 16 h. By comparison, no differences occurred in lung antioxidant enzyme activities of TNF/C and IL-1- or saline-pretreated rats exposed to hyperoxia for 36 or 52 h; the latter is a time just before untreated rats began to succumb during exposure to hyperoxia. The results raise the possibility that TNF/C and IL-1 treatment can increase lung antioxidant enzyme activities and that increased lung antioxidant enzymes may contribute to the increased survival of TNF/C and IL-1-pretreated rats in hyperoxia for greater than 72 h.

Response of antioxidant enzymes to intermittent and continuous hyperbaric oxygen

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Harabin ◽  
J. C. Braisted ◽  
E. T. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Time Required

Rats and guinea pigs were exposed to O2 at 2.8 ATA (HBO) delivered either continuously or intermittently (repeated cycles of 10 min of 100% O2 followed by 2.5 min of air). The O2 time required to produce convulsions and death was increased significantly in both species by intermittency. To determine whether changes in brain and lung superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) correlated with the observed tolerance, enzyme activities were measured after short or long HBO exposures. For each exposure duration, one group received continuous and one intermittent HBO; O2 times were matched. HBO had marked effects on these enzymes: lung SOD increased (guinea pigs 47%, rats 88%) and CAT and GSHPx activities decreased (33%) in brain and lung. No differences were seen in lung GSHPx or brain CAT in rats or brain SOD in either species. In guinea pigs, but less so in rats, the observed changes in activity were usually modulated by intermittency. Increases in hematocrit, organ protein, and lung DNA, which may also reflect ongoing oxidative damage, were also slowed with intermittency in guinea pigs. Intermittency benefited both species by postponing gross symptoms of toxicity, but its modulation of changes in enzyme activities and other biochemical variables was more pronounced in guinea pigs than in rats, suggesting that there are additional mechanisms for tolerance.

scholarly journals HETEROSIS IN F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN SPRING AND WINTER WHEATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. GRANT ◽  
HUGH McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Wheat Parent

Significant levels of heterosis were demonstrated in F1 yield trials from crosses between three spring and three winter wheats (T. aestivum L.): Thatcher × Winalta, Cypress × Kharkov 22 MC, and Lee × Cheyenne. Yields up to 40% higher than those of the spring wheat parent were attributed to heterosis resulting from hybridization of genetically diverse spring and winter types. To our knowledge this is the first published report of heterosis for yield in F1 hybrids between spring and winter wheat cultivars. This information has significance in both hybrid wheat and conventional breeding programs.

Nitrate reductase from winter wheat leaves is activated at low temperature via protein dephosphorylation

2002 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Asparuhova Yaneva ◽  
Guido Wolf Hoffmann ◽  
Rudolf Tischner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Dephosphorylation ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Imidazolinone-Resistant Wheat Acetolactate Synthase In Vivo Response to Imazamox

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis R. Rainbolt ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Robert S. Zemetra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wheat Lines

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the utility of an in vivo acetolactate synthase (ALS) assay for comparing sensitivity to imazamox among imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines. Ten single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat cultivars/lines, one two-gene and four single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines, and three pairs of heterozygous and homozygous imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat lines were evaluated in the assay experiments. Additionally, a dose-response assay was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of several imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars to imazamox on a whole plant level. The I50value (i.e., the imazamox dose that inhibited ALS activity by 50%) of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Above’ was 54 to 84% higher than the I50values of 99-420, 99-433, and CV-9804. However, based on the results of this study, it is unclear whether genetic background or market class (hard red winter vs. soft white winter) influences the level of ALS inhibition by imazamox. Teal 15A, the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivar, had an I50value that was two to three times greater than the I50value of the single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines. The heterozygous imidazolinone-resistant wheat lines had I50values that were 69 to 81% less than the I50values of the homozygous lines. In the whole plant dose response, theR50values (i.e., the imazamox dose that reduced biomass by 50%) of the susceptible cultivars Brundage 96 and Conan were 15 to 17 times less than the homozygous single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter and spring cultivars/lines, whoseR50values were about 1.7 times less than theR50value of the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat line, Teal 15A. The results of the in vivo ALS imazamox assays and the whole plant imazamox dose-response assay were similar, indicating that the in vivo assay can be used to accurately and quickly compare resistance between imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Chromium VI Toxicity in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) using Glycine Betaine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Jayanti Tokas ◽  
H. R. Singal
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Cr Toxicity ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Abstract The main objective of the present research work was to study the effect of Cr toxicity and its amelioration by glycine betaine (GB) in sorghum (HJ 541 and SSG 59-3). Chromium (Cr VI), 2 and 4 ppm led to a significant reduction in plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase; and metabolites viz. ascorbate, proline, and glutathione. The results of the present study supported the findings that the application of GB can minimize or reduce the toxic effects caused by Cr VI which reaches the plants via soil, water, and air pollution. It is concluded that GB at both 50, as well as 100 mM concentrations, successfully ameliorated Cr VI (up to 4 ppm) toxicity and its application may be recommended for crops affected by Cr VI toxicity to get better growth and yield.

Reactions of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars to mechanical inoculation with wheat streak mosaic virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta McKelvy ◽  
Monica Brelsford ◽  
Jamie Sherman ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes sporadic epidemics in Montana which can threaten profitability of the state’s small grains production. One challenge for WSMV management in Montana is that most commercially available wheat and barley cultivars are susceptible to WSMV or their performance under WSMV pressure is unknown. In a three-year field study from 2017 to 2019 winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars were evaluated for their susceptibility to WSMV and yield performance under WSMV pressure. Plants were mechanically inoculated and WSMV incidence was assessed using DAS-ELISA. There was effective resistance to WSMV in breeding line CO12D922, which had consistently low WSMV incidence, highlighting promising efforts in the development of WSMV-resistant winter wheat cultivars. Moderate WSMV incidence and minor yield losses were observed from WSMV infection of commercial winter wheat ‘Brawl CL Plus’ and MSU breeding line MTV1681. Spring wheat cultivars in this study had high WSMV incidence of up to 100 % in ‘Duclair,’ ‘Egan,’ and ‘McNeal.’ High WSMV incidence was associated with severe yield losses as high as 85 % for Duclair and ‘WB9879CL’ in 2019, demonstrating a high degree of susceptibility to WSMV inoculation. Barley cultivars had considerably lower WSMV incidence compared to spring and winter wheat. Grain yield response to WSMV inoculation was variable between barley cultivars. The study provided an experimental basis for cultivar recommendations for high WSMV pressure environments and identified breeding lines and cultivars with potential resistance traits of interest to breeding programs that aim to develop WSMV-resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Physicochemical Background of Mammalian Androgen Activity in Winter Wheat Exposed to Low Temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko ◽  
Jolanta Biesaga-Kościelniak ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Maria Filek ◽  
Katarzyna Hura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Understanding of the physiological role of mammalian hormone—androstenedione (AN)—in plants is scant and the mechanisms of its action at a cellular level are practically unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and biochemical background of AN activity in winter wheat exposed to low temperature. Cold periods are important in the lifecycle of this species as they induce frost resistance and further generative development. Wheat seedlings (control and AN-supplemented) were acclimated 2 weeks in cold and then exposed to frost (−12 °C). AN supplementation reduced frost damages by 30%. Moreover, AN also accelerated generative development of wheat. The AN-induced changes in redox homeostasis seemed to be important for processes of acclimation to low temperature and generative induction. AN influenced hormonal balance in wheat and stimulated accumulation among other gibberellins and cytokinins. For example, in aerial part of plants, the content of GA3 was increased by AN in 12 days of cold by about 30%, whereas the content of cis-zeatin was increased by 65%. AN was absorbed into plant membranes (Langmuir bath studies). The membrane absorption of AN increased the distance between lipid molecules and this may be an important step in the AN-induced enhancement of frost resistance. AN interaction with lipid membranes showed similarity to the interactions of some known regulators stimulating flowering in plants, and thus it may also underlie the acceleration of wheat development. Androstenedione was naturally present in wheat leaves (5–21 pg g−1 FW).

scholarly journals Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency and Enzyme Activities of Leguminous Plant under Cadmium Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Naseer ALYEMENI ◽  
Qaiser HAYAT ◽  
Leonard WIJAYA ◽  
Shamsul HAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Cd Exposure

The present study was designed with an objective to elucidate the effect of the exogenous application of 10-5 M of salicylic acid (SA) to the foliage of the chickpea plants exposed to 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg cadmium (Cd) per kg of soil. The foliage of the plants grown in soil amended with varying doses of Cd was sprayed with 10-5 M of SA at 30 days after sowing (DAS). The plant samples were collected at 60 and 90 DAS to assess various parameters. The damage caused due to the Cd exposure was partially overcome by the exogenous application of SA. The SA treatment resulted in a significant increase of growth, photosynthesis, yield and the activity of antioxidative enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the plants exposed to 0, 25 or 50 mg Cd per kg of soil. However, the treatment did not prove to be fruitful in alleviating completely the stress generated by 100 mg Cd per kg of soil.

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