scholarly journals Genotypic dependent effect of exogenous glutathione on Cd-induced changes in cadmium and mineral uptake and accumulation in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa)

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cai ◽  
L. Lin ◽  
W. Cheng ◽  
G. Zhang ◽  
F. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Mn Concentrations

A hydroponic experiment was performed using Cd-sensitive (cv. Xiushui63) and tolerant (cv. Bing97252) rice cultivars to evaluate the difference in their response to Cd toxicity in the presence of exogenous glutathione (GSH). The results showed that Cd stress (5 and 50 μmol/l Cd) decreased plant fresh weight, contents of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, with Cd-sensitive genotype being more severely affected. Cd significantly decreased concentration and accumulation of Mn in roots/shoots, and Zn in shoots, but increased Cu concentration in roots/shoots. There was a significantly negative correlation between shoot Zn concentrations and shoot/root Cd concentrations, and between root Cd and Mn concentrations. Exogenous GSH significantly alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition and markedly reduced Cd uptake in both genotypes. In addition, GSH induced a Cd-dose- and genotype-dependent effects on Cd-induced changes in mineral concentration/accumulation and chlorophyll content in rice seedlings. GSH alleviated Cd-induced decrease in root/shoot Zn and Ca concentrations and accumulation of Xiushui 63, while increased root Ca and Mn concentrations in Bing 97252 under 5 µmol/l Cd stress. In addition, GSH also significantly enhanced chlorophyll a and b contents of Bing 97252 in both 5 and 50 µmol/l Cd, and Xiushui 63 in 50 µmol Cd.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertan Yildirim ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Güleray Ağar ◽  
Atilla Dursun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Fresh Leaf

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic and very mobile heavy metal that can be adsorbed and uptaken by plants in large quantities without any visible sign. Therefore, stabilization of Cd before uptake is crucial to the conservation of biodiversity and food safety. Owing to the high number of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups in their structure, humic substances form strong bonds with heavy metals which makes them perfect stabilizing agents. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of humic and fulvic acid (HA + FA) levels (0, 3500, 5250, and 7000 mg/L) on alleviation of Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in garden cress (Lepidium sativum) contaminated with Cd (CdSO4.8H2O) (0, 100, and 200 Cd mg/kg) under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed that, Cd stress had a negative effect on the growth of garden cress, decreased leaf fresh, leaf dry, root fresh and root dry weights, leaf relative water content (LRWC), and mineral content except for Cd, and increased the membrane permeability (MP) and enzyme (CAT, SOD and POD) activity. However, the HA + FA applications decreased the adverse effects of the Cd pollution. At 200 mg/kg Cd pollution, HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L increased the leaf fresh, leaf dry, root fresh, root dry weights, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll reading value (CRV), MP, and LRWC values by 262%, 137%, 550%,133%, 92%, 104%, 34%, 537%, and 32% respectively, compared to the control. Although the highest H2O2, MDA, proline and sucrose values were obtained at 200 mg/L Cd pollution, HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully alleviated the deleterious effects of Cd stress by decreasing H2O2, MDA, proline, and sucrose values by 66%, 68%, 70%, and 56%, respectively at 200 mg/kg Cd pollution level. HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully mitigated the negative impacts of Cd pollution by enhanced N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mn, Zn, and B by 75%, 23%, 84%, 87%, 40%, 85%, 143%, 1%, 65%, and 115%, respectively. In addition, HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully reduced Cd uptake by 95% and Cl uptake by 80%. Considering the plant growth parameters, the best results were determined when HA + FA concentration was 7000 mg/L. We have shown that, it is critical to apply a humic substance with high percentage of FA, which was 10% in this study, to mitigate the adverse effects of heavy metal stress on plant growth. In conclusion, the application of HA + FA may be suggested as an effective solution for reducing the Cd uptake of the plants by stabilizing Cd in soil and preventing translocation of Cd from the roots of plant to its shoot and leaves.

scholarly journals An extended PROSPECT: Advance in the leaf optical properties model separating total chlorophylls into chlorophyll a and b

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Jingfeng Huang ◽  
Fumin Wang ◽  
George Alan Blackburn ◽  
Hankui K. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Leaf Optical Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

scholarly journals A Long Journey of CICA-17 Quinoa Variety to Salinity Conditions in Egypt: Mineral Concentration in the Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Juan A. González ◽  
Leonardo Hinojosa ◽  
María I. Mercado ◽  
José-Luis Fernández-Turiel ◽  
Didier Bazile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Induced Changes

Quinoa may be a promising alternative solution for arid regions, and it is necessary to test yield and mineral accumulation in grains under different soil types. Field experiments with Chenopodium quinoa (cv. CICA-17) were performed in Egypt in non-saline (electrical conductivity, 1.9 dS m−1) and saline (20 dS m−1) soils. Thirty-four chemical elements were studied in these crops. Results show different yields and mineral accumulations in the grains. Potassium (K), P, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, and Fe are the main elements occurring in the quinoa grains, but their concentrations change between both soil types. Besides, soil salinity induced changes in the mineral pattern distribution among the different grain organs. Sodium was detected in the pericarp but not in other tissues. Pericarp structure may be a shield to prevent sodium entry to the underlying tissues but not for chloride, increasing its content in saline conditions. Under saline conditions, yield decreased to near 47%, and grain sizes greater than 1.68 mm were unfavored. Quinoa may serve as a complementary crop in the marginal lands of Egypt. It has an excellent nutrition perspective due to its mineral content and has a high potential to adapt to semi-arid and arid environments.

scholarly journals A study of the low-lying singlet and triplet electronic states of chlorophyll A and B

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1775-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihajlo Etinski ◽  
Milena Petkovic ◽  
Miroslav Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetimes ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Vertical Ionization Potentials ◽  
Density Functional Theory Optimization ◽  
Triplet Formation ◽  
Good Agreement

Chlorophylls have been extensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically owing to the fact that they are essential for photosynthesis. We have studied two forms of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, by means of density functional theory. Optimization of S0, S1 and T1 states was performed with the B3-LYP functional. The computed fluorescence lifetimes show good agreement with the available experimental data. The electronic adiabatic energies of S1 and T1 states are 2.09/2.12 and 1.19/1.29 eV for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b respectively. We discussed the implications of this results on the triplet formation. Also, the calculated vertical ionization potentials shows good agreement with the experimental results.

Light-Induced Accumulation and Stability of Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
G. Burkard ◽  
G. Kuhn ◽  
U. Prenzel
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Radish Seedlings

Abstract Illumination of 3 day old etiolated radish seedlings with continuous white light results in a progressive accumulation of chlorophyll a and b. Both pigments are bound in a different way to the thylakoid chlorophyll-proteins, which appear parallel to the formation of chlorophylls. By applying the SDS-PAGE method to SDS-digested chloroplasts, it was possible to show that the chloroplasts of radish cotyledons contain the typical chlorophyll proteins LHCP1-3, CPa, CPI and CPIa which have been found in other plants. Between LHCP1 and CPI an additional chlorophyll protein is detected with the spectral properties of a LHCP; it is termed here LHCPy. When the green plants are transferred to continuous darkness, chlorophylls and the chlorophyll-proteins are progressively degraded. At an early stage of greening chlorophyll b is destroyed at a much higher rate in darkness than chlorophyll a, which yields high chlorophyll a/b ratios. This is paralleled by a faster decrease in the level of the corresponding chloro­phyll a/b-protein LHCP3 than of CPI. At a later stage of greening, after the end of the logarithmic chlorophyll accumulation, the chlorophylls a and b and also the LHCP3 and CPI are destroyed in continuous darkness at equal rates; the a/b ratios and the LHCP3/CPI ratios are then little different from the light control. The data indicate that at an early stage of greening the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein LHCP3 is less stable than the other chlorophyll-proteins (CPI, CPIa, CPa), which contain pre­ dominantly chlorophyll a. The ratio chlorophyll a to β-carotene (a/c ratio) of CPIa, CPI and CPa is about 10, while that of the LHCP1-3 is found to be between 150 to 300. We therefore propose using the a/c ratio to define the chlorophyll-proteins which, besides the absorption spectra, is the most suitable parameter.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Multispectral lidar time series of pine canopy chlorophyll content

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hakala ◽  
O. Nevalainen ◽  
S. Kaasalainen ◽  
R. Mäkipää
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

Abstract. We present an empirical application of multispectral laser scanning for monitoring the seasonal and spatial changes in pine chlorophyll (a + b) content and upscaling the accurate leaf-level chlorophyll measurements into branch and tree level. The results show the capability of the new instrument for monitoring the changes in the shape and physiology of tree canopy: the spectral indices retrieved from the multispectral point cloud agree with laboratory measurements of the chlorophyll a and b content. The approach opens new prospects for replacing destructive and labour-intensive manual sampling with remote observations of tree physiology.

scholarly journals Extraction and degradation of chlorophyll a and b from Alternanthera sessilis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAM Jinasena ◽  
ADUS Amarasinghe ◽  
BMWPK Amarasinghe ◽  
MAB Prashantha
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B
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