scholarly journals Effect of early immunocastration on testicular histology in pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sladek ◽  
M. Prudikova ◽  
A. Knoll ◽  
P. Kulich ◽  
I. Steinhauserova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Normal Spermatogenesis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Delayed Time

The objective of this study was to investigate short- and long-term effects of early immunocastration with Improvac<sup>®</sup> vaccine, administered in two doses, at ages eight and 14 weeks, on testicular histology in pigs slaughtered eight or 15 weeks after the second dose. We hypothesised that the effectiveness of early vaccination could be diminished by late application of the booster dose and/or delayed time of slaughter. Thirty non-castrated male pigs of a commercial hybrid breed were used in this study. Pigs (n = 15) in the control group (NOCA) remained intact throughout the study. Pigs (n = 15) in the experimental group (IMCA) were administered Improvac in two doses: a priming dose at eight weeks and a booster dose at 14 weeks. Subsequently, nine of the IMCA pigs were slaughtered at eight weeks and the remaining six at 15 weeks after the second dose. In NOCA pigs, we observed normal spermatogenesis in the tubuli seminiferi and many prominent interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells. In IMCA<sub>8</sub> pigs, there was a noticeable decrease in the diameter and area of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis was absent. Interstitial endocrine cells appeared atrophied with pyknotic nuclei. In IMCA<sub>15</sub> pigs, we observed a larger diameter of tubuli, thickened germinal epithelium and larger and more numerous interstitial endocrine cells when compared to IMCA<sub>8</sub>. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that early immunocastration with Improvac disrupts spermatogenesis and reduces the number and size of interstitial endocrine cells. This indicates that vaccination at an age of eight weeks and again at 14 weeks in pigs causes disruption of testicular histology and spermatogenesis at least through the subsequent 15 weeks.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of using shooting straps on free-throw accuracy of young female basketball players

Kinesiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez ◽  
Jaime Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Player ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Intervention Training ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Group

This study identified the short- and long-term effects of using a shooting strap on the accuracy of freethrows performed by U15 female basketball players during training and competition. Thirty six female<br>basketball player volunteers (aged 14.3±0.5 years) from the Lithuanian Schoolchildren Basketball League were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group used a shooting strap that immobilized movements of the supporting hand while shooting. The control group performed freethrows without any training aid. Learning and transfer of performance was assessed before and after the intervention training sessions (4-week intervention program applied 4 times per week), and on a retention test after one year. Results showed that: (a) free-throw accuracy was higher after one month and after one year of intervention than before the intervention training program in both practice and competition; (b) the experimental group scored better in practice and competition than the control group after one month and one year of the intervention; and (c) free-throw accuracy was higher during training sessions than during&nbsp;competition. The identified short-term and long-term improvements in free-throw shooting accuracy support the usage of shooting straps. The use of shooting straps and external assisting devices might allow adjusting programs of training to provide fluent free-throw accuracy progresses from youth to senior categories.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Dentin Bond Strength of Bioactive Glass-Modified Dental Adhesives

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Ramona Oltramare ◽  
Matej Par ◽  
Dirk Mohn ◽  
Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dental Adhesives ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Self Etch

This study investigated the short- and long-term effects of dental adhesives doped with nano-sized bioactive glass 45S5 (BAG) on the resin–dentin interfacial bond strength. Two etch-and-rinse adhesives (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (ASB) and Solobond Plus (SB)) and one self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond (CF)) were doped with different concentrations of BAG (5, 10, and 20 wt%). The unmodified (0 wt% BAG) commercial adhesives served as control groups. Dentin of 120 molars (n = 10 per group) was treated with the different adhesives, followed by buildups with a conventional composite restorative material. From each tooth, 14 sticks were prepared for micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) testing. The sticks were stored in simulated body fluid at 37 °C and tested after 24 h or six months for µTBS and failure mode. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests in combination with post-hoc Conover-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at a level of significance of a = 0.05. After 24 h and six months, both etch-and-rinse adhesives with a low BAG content (up to 10 wt% for ASB and 5 wt% for SB) showed similar µTBSs as their respective control groups (0 wt% BAG). CF showed a significant decrease in µTBS even after addition of 5 wt% BAG. At a high concentration of added BAG (20 wt%), all three adhesives showed a significant decrease in µTBS compared to the unmodified controls. The CF control group showed significantly lower µTBS after 6 months of storage than after 24 h. In contrast, the µTBS of all CF groups modified with BAG was unaffected by aging. In conclusion, the tested etch-and-rinse adhesives can be modified with up to 5 wt% (SB), or 10 wt% (ASB) of BAG without reducing their short- and long-term dentin bond strength. Moreover, the addition of nano-sized BAG may prevent long-term bond strength deterioration of a self-etch adhesive.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an educational game-based intervention for enhancing nutritional knowledge of elementary school students

RENOTE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Lucas Florêncio de Brito ◽  
Ricardo Argenton Ramos ◽  
Jaelson Freire Brelaz de Castro ◽  
João Araújo ◽  
Rodrigo Pereira Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
School Students ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Short And Long Term

Obesity can generate short and long term effects on health. Nutritionalknowledge is important to increase the potential of acquiring healthy eating habits and prevent obesity. In this study, it was investigated an educational game-basedintervention with the Nutrikids digital game to improve nutritional knowledge. Onehundred and sixty-four Brazilians fifth graders were divided into the following fourgroups: one that played the Nutrikids game; the lecture-game group, which received traditional classes and played Nutrikids; the lecture group, which received traditional classes only; and the control group, with no intervention. The results suggest that nutritional knowledge in students can be improved more effectively through game-based learning than traditional classes.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Auxiliary Labels on Patient Knowledge of Precautionary Drug Information

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace S. Brown ◽  
Brenda L. Solovitz ◽  
Stephen G. Bryant ◽  
Brock G. Guernsey ◽  
Seymour Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Drug Information ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of auxiliary prescription labels in educating outpatients about medicines at two different time periods. Five hundred fifty-nine patients were randomly assigned either to an experimental group or a control group; each person in the experimental group received a prescription bottle to which one study auxiliary label (“sticker”) had been affixed, and those in the control group received bottles with no study sticker attached. Patients were interviewed by telephone approximately one week or two months after prescription pick up. Patients who had the study sticker affixed to their prescription bottle were significantly more knowledgeable after one week about precautionary information than those patients who did not receive stickers; however, sticker-group patients receiving the delayed interview incorrectly attributed many precautions to their medication. This is the first controlled study to document that auxiliary labels increase short-term knowledge about medications, and to suggest that the same labels may result in an inappropriate generalization over time.

scholarly journals Changes in Age Stereotypes in Adolescent and Older Participants of an Intergenerational Encounter Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Kranz ◽  
Nicole Maria Thomas ◽  
Jan Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Life Story Interview ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Future Plans

This intervention study explored the effects of a newly developed intergenerational encounter program on cross-generational age stereotyping (CGAS). Based on a biographical-narrative approach, participants (secondary school students and nursing home residents) were invited to share ideas about existential questions of life (e.g., about one’s core experiences, future plans, and personal values). Therefore, the dyadic Life Story Interview (LSI) had been translated into a group format (the Life Story Encounter Program, LSEP), consisting of 10 90-min sessions. Analyses verified that LSEP participants of both generations showed more favorable CGAS immediately after, but also 3 months after the program end. Such change in CGAS was absent in a control group (no LSEP participation). The LSEP-driven short- and long-term effects on CGAS could be partially explained by two program benefits, the feeling of comfort with and the experience of learning from the other generation.

Suppression of spermatogenesis by exogenous testosterone

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Fusco ◽  
Paolo Verze ◽  
Marco Capece ◽  
Luigi Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Normal Spermatogenesis

: Sperm production starts from puberty in the seminiferous tubules providing for testosterone production by the Leydig cells taking place in the interstice of the testicles. Normal spermatogenesis depends on specific signalling from the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnRH, FSH and LH are the main hormones involved in the production and maturation of spermatozoa. Exogenous administration of androgens influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis with negative feedback that may lead to partial or complete cessation of spermatogenesis by decreasing FSH and LH. Despite the fact that many trials have confirmed that exogenous testosterone affects male fertility status, evidence regarding the long-term effects of treatment is conflicting. Regarding this aspect, many studies have confirmed a return to baseline sperm concentration after testosterone treatment discontinuation, however none of them can specify how long recovery will take nor whether the sperm count is sufficient for fertility.

scholarly journals Early Parenteral Administration of Ceftiofur has Gender-Specific Short- and Long-Term Effects on the Fecal Microbiota and Growth in Pigs from the Suckling to Growing Phase

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Ruczizka ◽  
Barbara Metzler-Zebeli ◽  
Christine Unterweger ◽  
Evelyne Mann ◽  
Lukas Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Short And Long Term

Using ceftiofur during the first days of life is a common preventative strategy against several bacterial diseases in pig production. This study aimed to evaluate short- and long-term effects of early use of ceftiofur on the fecal microbiota development in suckling and growing pigs. Sixty-four piglets from eight litters were assigned to the antibiotic (AB; n = 32) or control group (control; n = 32). Twelve hours postpartum (day 0) AB piglets received an intramuscular injection of ceftiofur (5.0 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo. DNA was extracted from fecal samples collected on days 0, 12, 28, and 97 for deep-sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The AB administration disturbed the maturational changes in the fecal microbiome, whereby effects were sex-specific. Sex-related differences in AB metabolism in females and males may have caused these diverging AB-effects on the fecal microbiota. Especially the loss of bacterial diversity and of certain taxa in female AB pigs may have contributed to the decreased body weight of these females on day 97 of life. Taken together, this study showed that an AB injection with ceftiofur 12 h postpartum markedly affected the successional changes in the fecal microbiota composition in male and female pigs, with long-term consequences for host performance.

The response of skin perfusion and of rheological and immunological variables to intravenous prostanoid administration in Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to collagenosis

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drinda ◽  
Neumann ◽  
Pöhlmann ◽  
Vogelsang ◽  
Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

Background: Prostanoids are used in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon and acral perfusion disorders secondary to collagenosis. In subjective terms, intravenous administration of these agents produces success in more than 50% of patients. The therapeutic outcome of clinical administration of alprostadil or iloprost may vary from individual to individual. Patients and methods: The following variables were analysed in a cross-over study in 27 patients with collagenosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon: plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation (rheological variables), partial pressure of oxygen and laser Doppler flowmetry in the finger region, and lymphocyte phenotyping and interleukin (IL) determinations (immunological variables). Results: Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed significant differences between patients with secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and a control group of 25 healthy subjects. Laser Doppler readings did not change significantly as a result of the treatments. Therapy with iloprost produced a reduction in IL-1beta, L-selectin (CD 62 L) and IL-6. Conclusion: The change in immunological variables due to iloprost may explain the long-term effects of prostaglandins in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon. From our results it is not possible to infer any preference for iloprost or alprostadil.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

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