scholarly journals Influence of simethicone and fasting on the quality of abdominal ultrasonography in dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Paninarova ◽  
L Stehlik ◽  
P Proks ◽  
I Nyvltova ◽  
M Vignoli
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Pancreas Body

The presence of a significant quantity of gas in the gastrointestinal tract may hinder a proper ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of simethicone and fasting on the quality of ultrasonographic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract and the small organs in the abdominal cavity. Fourteen clinically healthy dogs were examined repeatedly after four different preparation protocols. The visualisation of the organs was assessed subjectively with a 3-point scoring system. The administration of simethicone is superior in the visualisation of the ileum, the ileocolic junction, the pancreas (body and right lobe), the jejunal lymph nodes, and both adrenal glands when compared to no preparation. The combination of the oral administration of simethicone and fasting is superior in the visualisation of the pylorus, the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the ileocolic junction, the pancreas (body, right and left lobe), the jejunal lymph nodes, and both adrenal glands when compared to no preparation. The conclusion and clinical relevance from this exploratory study suggest that the oral administration of simethicone and fasting before an ultrasonographic examination significantly improve the visualisation of some abdominal organs.

Resolution of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a young dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001022
Author(s):  
Ingrid Isaac ◽  
Ines Carrera ◽  
Juan Martí ◽  
Andrea DiBella
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Peritoneal Effusion ◽  
Encapsulating Peritonitis

An eight-month-old Labrador retriever presented with abdominal effusion. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed significant free fluid and a linear hyperechoic band surrounding the abdominal organs. CT showed the gastrointestinal organs to be located centrally, enclosed by a thin, hyperattenuating enhanced band with no peritoneal effusion in this region. Surgery was performed to obtain biopsies for diagnostic purposes. Histopathology revealed granulation tissue with reactive fibroblasts, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and neovascularisation; these findings were consistent with the diagnosis of secondary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. The patient responded well to treatment with tamoxifen, prednisolone and spironolactone. Four months later, follow-up abdominal ultrasonography revealed a small volume of free fluid. However, there was a mild adverse reaction to tamoxifen, causing protrusion of the penis and attraction of other dogs. Two and a half years after diagnosis, the patient continued to have good quality-of-life with no clinical signs or relapse.

Pathways for the outflow of lymph from the abdominal cavity

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
V. S.
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Abdominal Organs

To clarify the scheme of the lymph outflow, the abdominal organs, according to A.A. Troitskaya (Moscow M. Zh., 1925, No. 9), should be divided into 2 sections: the upper section includes the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands , to the bottom - the intestines and pelvic organs.

Ultrasonographic examination of liver and spleen of normal adult spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uiase Bin Farooq ◽  
Adarsh Kumar ◽  
Rajni Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Splenic Parenchyma ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

The main objective of this study was to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks for locating liver and spleen and to generate sonographic calliper measurements along with dynamic parameters of these organs. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 50 native adult (Spiti horses and Himalayan hill mules) healthy unsedated equines of either sex. The thickness, character and echo-architecture of liver and spleen were recorded. In horses, the right lobe of liver was found from 8th to 15th intercostal space (ICS) and left lobe from 6th to 11th (±1) ICS, while in mules the right liver lobe was found between 6th to 15th (±1) ICS and left lobe between 6th to 9th (±1) ICS. The liver was recognized by its branching vasculature and architecture was found relatively homogenous. In addition ventral edges were distinctly sharp. Spleen was found from 8th to 17th ICS both in horses as well as in mules. The splenic parenchyma was homogenously granular in appearance with few blood vessels and most echogenic organ in the abdominal cavity of equines. The only measurement that was reliably obtained was the central thickness or depth of the spleen, which varied from 41.4 to 68.4 mm (Mean± SE= 50.84±4.61 mm) in horses and 37.9 to 51.6 mm (Mean± SE = 42.76±2.34 mm) in mules. Therefore detailed ultrasonographic examination of liver and spleen helped us to compile baseline data, which will be helpful in management of the affections of liver and spleen in future.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND ENDOSCOPY OF THE SCHNAUZER DOG WITH UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISORDERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Deni Noviana ◽  
Kholis Afidatunnisa ◽  
Annisa Rofiqoh Syafikriatillah ◽  
M. Fakhrul Ulum ◽  
Gunanti Gunanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Abdominal Radiograph ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

The aim of this study was to describe the role of diagnostic imaging and endoscopy to define the diagnose of the upper gastrointestinal tract disorder of the Schnauzer. The information from the owner stated that the dog has been vomiting for a year, sometimes containing blood. There might also be a possibility that it had eaten a corpus alienum. This case study covered physical examination, hematology and blood chemical analysis, diagnostic imaging radiography and ultrasonography as well as endoscopy performed. Physical examination showed weight loss and anorexia. Hematology and blood chemical analysis showed an increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte, ureum, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values. Abdominal radiograph showed no abnormality in the abdominal organs. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a hiperechoic elongated mass attached on the stomach mucosal surface which forms an acoustic shadowing at the ventral.  Endoscopy showed pathological lesions that is inconsistency of stomach mucosa surface, foamy fluid in the stomach, ulcers and erosion of the stomach mucosal surface. Based on the diagnostic imaging and endoscopy performed, the animal was clearly diagnosed with chronic gastritis accompanied by stomach ulcer and erosion.

scholarly journals Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The adrenal glands

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Diagnostic Work

Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the adrenal glands can provide important information pertaining to several conditions including hyperaldosteronism and hyperadrenocorticism. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings, such as adrenal mineralisation, and clinically significant pathological changes can be challenging. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the ultrasonographic examination of the normal and diseased adrenal glands. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

scholarly journals An assessment of the use of patient reported outcome measurements (PROMs) in cancers of the pelvic abdominal cavity: identifying oncologic benefit and an evidence-practice gap in routine clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miss Charlotte L. Moss ◽  
Ajay Aggarwal ◽  
Asad Qureshi ◽  
Benjamin Taylor ◽  
Teresa Guerrero-Urbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Outcome Measurements ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Cancer Setting

Abstract Background Patient reported outcome measurements (PROMs) are emerging as an important component of patient management in the cancer setting, providing broad perspectives on patients’ quality of life and experience. The use of PROMs is, however, generally limited to the context of randomised control trials, as healthcare services are challenged to sustain high quality of care whilst facing increasing demand and financial shortfalls. We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify any oncological benefit of using PROMs and investigate the wider impact on patient experience, in cancers of the pelvic abdominal cavity specifically. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE (Pubmed) and Ovid Gateway (Embase and Ovid) until April 2020. Studies investigating the oncological outcomes of PROMs were deemed suitable for inclusion. Results A total of 21 studies were included from 2167 screened articles. Various domains of quality of life (QoL) were identified as potential prognosticators for oncologic outcomes in cancers of the pelvic abdominal cavity, independent of other clinicopathological features of disease: 3 studies identified global QoL as a prognostic factor, 6 studies identified physical and role functioning, and 2 studies highlighted fatigue. In addition to improved outcomes, a number of included studies also reported that the use of PROMs enhanced both patient-clinician communication and patient satisfaction with care in the clinical setting. Conclusions This review highlights the necessity of routine collection of PROMs within the pelvic abdominal cancer setting to improve patient quality of life and outcomes.

Should Total Number of Lymph Nodes be Used as a Quality of Care Measure for Stage III Colon Cancer?

2010 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Jiping Wang ◽  
Mahmoud Kulaylat ◽  
James Hassett ◽  
Kelli Bullard Dunn ◽  
Merril Dayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Stage Iii Colon Cancer ◽  
Care Measure

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration of Selenium and Vitamin E on the Quality of Fresh, Refrigerated and Frozen Semen in French Bulldog Breed Dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Marcelo George Mungai Chacur ◽  
Mariana Grandis Ripari de Souza ◽  
Camila Dutra de Souza ◽  
Camila Pires Cremasco
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
French Bulldog ◽  
Fresh Semen

Background: New methodologies have been developed seeking to maximize pregnancy rate in female dogs created in commercial kennels, and also in order to maintain the quality of canine semen after dilution, refrigeration or freezing. One of the main factors that generate damage to sperm is oxidative stress, to minimize sperm damage, selenium and antioxidants like vitamin E are administered, by oral administration, seeking to improve the quality of semen. The objective was to study the effect of vitamin E and selenium, by oral administration, in the quality of fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in adult dogs French Bulldog breed.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples were collected from 5 adult dogs, French Bulldog breed, being 2 semen drawing before the daily oral supplementation with vitamin E and selenium (ESE®) and semen drawing at 20, 40 and 60 days after the beginning of oral supplement. The ejaculated samples were diluted in TRIS - fructose citric acid (3.28 g TRIS-hydroxy-methyl-amino-methane, 1.78 g of citric acid monohydrate and 1.25 g of D - fructose, dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and added of 20% egg yolk and 6% of glycerol. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: volume (mL), color, appearance, concentration (x106 / mL), sperm motility (%), sperm strength (1 to 5) and morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen were analyzed: sperm motility (%), sperm strength (1-5) and morphology (%). Diluted semen samples were centrifuged at: 1500 g/10 min and “pellets” formed by sperm of each ejaculated, detached from the tube wall were diluted homogeneously in the diluent TRIS type up to the final volume of 1.5 mL. After that, packaged in 0.5 mL French straws, kept under refrigeration at 5ºC/4 h, placed in nitrogen vapor at -120ºC/15 min, and dipped in liquid nitrogen at -196ºC and then stored on identified rachis and stored in liquid nitrogen container until the time of thawing in  water bath at 37°C/30 s for semen microscopic analysis. Data from fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and the average compared by 5% of Tukey test. Fresh semen sperm concentration differed (P < 0.05) between the samples, rising after 40 days after the beginning of oral supplementation with selenium and vitamin E. For the spermatic strength, better score (P < 0.05) was observed at collection 4, in 40 days after the beginning of oral supplementation to dogs. For fresh and refrigerated semen, the total defects, defects of head, acrosome and tail did not differ (P > 0.05) between the samples. Total sperm defects and minor head and tail defects did not differ (P > 0.05) between the samples in post-thawing. Regarding the acrosome defects after thawing, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in samples performed 40 and 60 days after the beginning of oral supplementation with selenium and vitamin E.Discussion: Attention should be paid for what purpose the extenders within the refrigeration or freezing biotech will be used. The managed supplement, by oral administration, containing selenium and vitamin E, influenced beneficially raising the sperm concentration in fresh semen and decreasing the acrosome defects in frozen semen. Oral administration of supplementation with selenium and vitamin E is recommended for improving the quality of fresh and frozen semen in dogs.

Inhibition of Escherichia coli Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Normal Cecal Flora in Gnotobiotic or Antibiotic-Decontaminated Mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081
Author(s):  
Rodney D. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gnotobiotic Mice

Escherichia coli C25 maintained population levels of 10 9 to 10 10 per g of cecum and translocated to 100% of the middle mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli C25. Intragastric inoculation of these mice with the cecal contents from specific-pathogen-free mice reduced the population levels of E. coli C25 to 10 6 per g of cecum and completely inhibited translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Intragastric inoculation with heat-treated, Formalintreated, or filtered cecal contents did not reduce the population levels of E. coli C25 or reduce the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25 to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, viable bacteria apparently are required in the cecal contents inocula to reduce the population levels and the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25. Treatment with streptomycin plus bacitracin decreased the anaerobic bacterial levels in these gnotobiotic mice, allowing increased population levels of E. coli C25 and increased translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. E. coli C25 also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes of specific-pathogen-free mice treated with streptomycin and bacitracin before colonization with E. coli C25. The high cecal population levels of E. coli C25 in these antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free mice apparently overwhelm any barrier to translocation exerted by the immunologically developed lamina propria of the specific-pathogen-free mice. Inoculation of gnotobiotic mice with a cecal flora also reduced the population levels of an indigenous strain of E. coli with a concomitant inhibition of translocation of the indigenous E. coli to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial antagonism of the gastrointestinal population levels of certain indigenous bacteria, such as E. coli , by other members of the normal bacterial flora appears to be an important defense mechanism confining bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.

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