The evolution of some nutritional parameters of the tomato fruit during the harvesting stages

The main purpose of this study was to highlight the nutraceutical value of the tomato fruit for five hybrids recently introduced in culture, during the harvesting phases: mature green, half ripen and full ripen: ‘Antalya’, ‘Cemil’, ‘Lorely’, ‘Tiger’ and ‘Sacher’. They differentiate because of their size and fruit colour. The parameters to be followed for each harvest phase were: the chlorophyll a and b content, the total carotenes, the soluble substance, vitamin C, the titratable acidity, and also a maturity index was established. The results obtained showed significant differences between the hybrids, but also during the maturation phases. It singularised Tiger F1 with a total carotene contentof 7.1 (green) to 12.5 (half ripen) and 18.6 mg/100g f.w. (in full ripen) and Sacher F1 with vitamin C from 6.2 (green) to 17.2 (half ripen) and 20.7 mg/100g f.w. (in full ripen). This variability can be attributed to these harvesting phases, but also to the genetic factors, such as cultivar type, fruit size and colour.

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Influence of the main stem pruning and fruit thinning on quality of melon

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663060007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 789-795

Author(s):

Rafaella Martins de Araújo Ferreira ◽

Edna Maria Mendes Aroucha ◽

Cristiane Alves de Paiva ◽

José Francismar de Medeiros ◽

Flavinicíus Pereira Barreto

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Management Practices ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Main Stem ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Flesh Firmness

ABSTRACT Among many management practices used in melon crops, those that change source: sink relationship, such as pruning and fruit thinning, directly influence production, affect fruit size and its composition, including sugar and vitamin contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pruning of the main stem and time of fruit thinning in melon postharvest quality. Thus, two experiments were set up in Mossoró, state of Rio Grande do Norte, each with a melon hybrid (Amaregal and Banzai). Each experiment was conducted in a randomized block, in a (2 x 4) + 1 factorial design, 2 pruning management (with and without pruning), 4 levels of fruit thinning (3, 6, 9 and 12 DARB - days after removal agro textile blanket) and a control (without pruning and thinning), and four replications. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and transported to the Laboratory of Food Technology of UFERSA, where they were evaluated for the following characteristics: weight, diameter, length, flesh thickness, flesh firmness, soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity, soluble solids: titratable acidity ratio and vitamin C. No interaction between factors in any of the experiments was found. Titratable acidity (0.077%) and vitamin C content (3.4 mg/100 g) in Amaregal melon and soluble solids (10.2%) in Banzai melon were lower in the treatments with stem pruning. In Amaregal melon, fruits showed longer length (134 mm) and greater flesh firmness (40 N) when thinning was carried out on 6 DARB, and as thinning was delayed, it found a decrease in the values of soluble solids, SS: TA ratio and pH. In Banzai melon, fruits showed greater flesh thickness (33.5 mm) and SS: TA (247.5) ratio when thinning was carried out on 6 DARB. However, delay in thinning promoted an increase in pH and vitamin C content of the fruits. Pruning of the main stem and thinning season had effect on the quality of Amaregal and Banzai melons in different ways.

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Internal Bruising Affects Chemical and Physical Composition of Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.522c ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 522C-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Celso L. Moretti ◽

Steven A. Sargent ◽

Donald J. Huber ◽

Rolf Puschmann

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Placental Tissue ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Enzymic Activity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Polygalacturonase Activity ◽

Locule Tissue

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruits, cv. Solarset, were harvested at the mature-green stage and treated with 50 μL/L ethylene at 20C. Breaker fruits (<10% red coloration) were dropped from 40 cm onto a smooth, solid surface and held along with undropped fruits at 20°C and 85% relative humidity. At table-ripe stage, pericarp, placental, and locular tissue were individually excised and analyzed for total carotenoids, total soluble sugars, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, density (locule tissue), polygalacturonase activity, and electrolyte efflux (pericarp tissue). Internal bruising caused by impact forces significantly affected pericarp and locule tissues, but not placental tissue. For bruised locule tissue, total carotenoids content decreased by 37.1%, vitamin C content by 15.6%, and titratable acidity by 15.3% as compared to control. However, density was increased by 3.0%. For bruised pericarp tissue, vitamin C content decreased by 16.5%, while polygalacturonase activity and electrolyte efflux increased by 33.3% and 24.8%, respectively. The development of abnormal ripening following an impact was confined to locule and pericarp tissues and appears to be related to the disruption of cellular structure and stimulation of enzymic activity.

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Physico-Chemical Studies on Maroon Coloured Karonda (Carissa carandus) Collected from Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Economic Plants ◽

10.23910/2/2020.0358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 034-037

Author(s):

Vijay Singh Meena ◽

◽

Bhanu Pratap ◽

K. C. Bhatt ◽

K. Pradeep ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Economic Status ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Colour ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chemical Studies

An exploration was conducted to collect genetic variability of Karonda (Carissa carandus), in different district of Uttar Pradesh during 2019-20. Augmenting germplasm is the first and the foremost activity indeed required for this fruit crop improvement as vast diversity still present in different ecosystem. Being a rich source of iron and minerals, it has potential to improve socio economic status and nutrition standard of Indian rural population. All genotype from IC632668 to 0632678 collected from different places of Uttar Pradesh found erect in nature with fruit diameter of 11 to 19 mm and with three distinct colours (white, green and red). Higher variation was reported in fruit weight, leave size, fruit colour, TSS, acidity and vitamin C content. Significant difference among TSS and vitamin C content was recorded. Attractive colour with good fruit size was observed in Accession no. IC-0632675 collected from Chiraigaon district Varanasi with excellent blend of TSS (9.5°B), acidity (1.10) and vitamin C (28 mg 100 g-1).

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Impact of Selenium and Copper Nanoparticles on Yield, Antioxidant System, and Fruit Quality of Tomato Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8100355 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 355 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hernández-Hernández ◽

Quiterio-Gutiérrez ◽

Cadenas-Pliego ◽

Ortega-Ortiz ◽

Hernández-Fuentes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

The Impact

The effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on plants are contrasting; these depend on the model plant, the synthesis of the nanoparticles (concentration, size, shape), and the forms of application (foliar, substrate, seeds). For this reason, the objective of this study was to report the impact of different concentrations of selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) NPs on yield, antioxidant capacity, and quality of tomato fruit. The different concentrations of Se and Cu NPs were applied to the substrate every 15 days (five applications). The yield was determined until day 102 after the transplant. Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant compounds were determined in the leaves and fruits as well as the fruit quality at harvest. The results indicate that tomato yield was increased by up to 21% with 10 mg L−1 of Se NPs. In leaves, Se and Cu NPs increased the content of chlorophyll, vitamin C, glutathione, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and phenylalanine ammonia liasa (PAL). In fruits, they increased vitamin C, glutathione, flavonoids, firmness, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity. The combination of Se and Cu NPs at optimal concentrations could be a good alternative to improve tomato yield and quality, but more studies are needed to elucidate their effects more clearly.

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Relationship of Tomato Fruit Sugar Concentration with Physical and Chemical Traits and Linkage of RAPD Markers

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.6.0839 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 839-845 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

N. Georgelis ◽

J.W. Scott ◽

E.A. Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Chemical Traits ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Physical And Chemical

Small-fruited cherry tomato accession PI 270248 (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme Dunal) with high fruit sugars was crossed to large-fruited inbred line Fla.7833-1-1-1 (7833) that had normal (low) fruit sugar. Sugars in the F2 were positively correlated with soluble solids, glucose, fructose, pH, and titratable acidity, and inversely correlated with fruit size. Earliness was not significantly correlated with sugars but was negatively correlated with fruit size. Thus, the lack of a sugar-earliness correlation indirectly indicates a trend for early tomato plants to be lower in sugars than later maturing plants. Sugars were not correlated with yield or pedicel type. Fruit from indeterminate plants had significantly more sugars than from determinate plants. Six random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to high sugars were found, five dominant (OPAE 4, UBC 731, UBC 744, UBC 489, UBC 290) and one co-dominant (UBC 269). Five of the markers were also linked to small fruit size and one of these also was linked to low yield (UBC 290). The sixth marker (UBC 269) was linked to indeterminate plant habit. UBC 731, UBC 489, and possibly OPAE 4 were in one linkage group, while UBC 744 and UBC 290 were in another linkage group. Combinations of all the markers together explained 35% of the sugar variation in the F2 grown in Spring 2002.

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Postharvest quality of tomato as affected by nitrogen and sulfur interaction

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v69n2.73691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 130-135

Author(s):

Matias Siueia Júnior ◽

Maria Ligia de Souza Silva ◽

Anderson Ricardo Trevizam ◽

Valdemar Faquin ◽

Deivisson Ferreira da Silva

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Randomized Design

Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are nutrients that, in addition to influencing plant growth and production, interfere with processes related to postharvest fruit quality. In the present study, N x S interaction was evaluated in the postharvest quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using 5 dm3 capacity vessels containing a 0-20 cm layer of a dystropherric Red Latosol. A 5 x 3 factorial design was used, with combinations of five doses of N (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) and three doses of S (0, 60 and 120 mg dm-3) distributed in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. After harvest, the attributes of fruit quality were evaluated: firmness, pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), soluble solids ratio and titratable acidity (SS / AT), vitamin C, lycopene and beta-carotene. An increase in firmness was observed, as well as the content of soluble solids, titratable acidity and the SS / AT ratio of the fruits as a result of the interaction N x S. However, this interaction favoured the reduction of the contents of vitamin C, lycopene and beta-carotene, and the quality characteristics of tomato fruit in relation to the recommended values. Only the increasing doses of N favoured a higher pH in the tomato fruits.

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Improving Quality Attributes of Tomato during Cold Storage by Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Potassium Thiosulfate

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.98 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 98-110

Author(s):

Wael M. Semida ◽

Ahmed E. Emara ◽

Mohammed A. Barakat

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Total Soluble Sugars

The aim of this trial was to investigate the pre-harvest foliar application of calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate each at 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 % on some quality of tomato fruit (hybrid 65010) during cold storage. The experimental layout of cold storage experiments was a split-split-plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks design with three replications. Time of cold storage, calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate levels were randomly distributed in the main, sub-and sub-sub plots, orderly. At the termination of cold storage, effect on tomato fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C and lycopene contents while, negative impact on firmness and total soluble sugars contents was obtained. At termination of cold storage, pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride at 0.2 and/or 0.4 % caused increments in fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. In addition, pre-harvest foliar potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % enhanced fruit vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents and also increased titratable acidity content. Generally, the interaction between cold storage × pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride or potassium thiosulfate at 0.2 and/or 0.4% increased fruit total titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. Also, the interaction between pre-harvest calcium chloride × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was distinguished and increased all studied fruit quality at the end of cold storage. The interaction treatment of cold storage × calcium chloride at 0.4 % × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was the best that improved fruit quality more than others.

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(307) NFT versus Subirrigation: II. Tomato Fruit Quality Grown in Closed Soilless Systems under Salinity or Water Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1011d ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1011D-1011

Author(s):

Francesco Montesano ◽

Cristina Ferulli ◽

Angelo Parente ◽

Francesco Serio ◽

Pietro Santamaria

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Total Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Average Weight ◽

Fresh Matter

Nutrient solutions (NS) containing moderate to high concentrations of salts are frequently supplied to improve the taste of tomato fruits grown in soilless systems. The aim of this study was to determine whether salinity and water stress affect the tomato fruit quality similarly. The research was conducted in Mola di Bari, Italy, during Autumn 2004, and compared the nutrient film technique (NFT) with the trough-bench technique [Subirrigation (SUB)] in terms of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Kabiria) fruit quality. In the NFT, the plants were grown with two electrical conductivity (EC) levels (2–4 and 6–8 dS·m-1) of NS. The highest EC was obtained by increasing all the ions in the NS. In the SUB system, two water tensions (-4 and -8 kPa) of substrate (perlite) were examinated. At harvest, in each cluster (six/plant), fruit dry matter (DM) and total soluble solids (TSS) were determinated. In the fourth and sixth cluster, vitamin C content and titratable acidity were determined. Total yield was not influenced by either soilless system, while the average weight of the fruit was lower in the SUB. The DM and TTS were influenced by soilless system (on average, 6.6 vs 7.3 g/100 g of fresh matter and 5.3 vs. 5.9 °Brix, with NFT and SUB, respectively). Both of the stresses resulted in the increase of DM and TSS, principally in SUB (water stress) in respect to NFT (salinity stress), while vitamin C and titratable acidity were not influenced by soilless system or water/salinity stress (25.2 mg/100 g fresh matter and 0.45 g/100 mL of citric acid juice, respectively). Results of NFT with the highest EC of NS exceeded 9 dS·m-1, without any stress symptoms in the plants, while EC in the SUB system remained unchanged (about 2.5 dS·m-1).

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