scholarly journals Preparation and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against the N protein of the SHpd/2012 strain of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Ding ◽  
YR Luo ◽  
ST Zhou ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hybridoma Cells ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
And Control

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea is caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, and is a highly contagious disease which affects the intestines of new-born piglets resulting in intense diarrhoea. Historically, the virus has caused enormous economic losses in the pig industry. In particular, the emergence of new epidemic strains means there is a pressing need for prevention and control of the disease. Owing to the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies now available, study of the pathogenesis, immune mechanisms and new diagnostic methods can be performed. In this study, 13 strains of positive hybridoma cells were prepared by immunising mice with purified whole porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, and analysis was performed using ELISA and Western blotting. Three cell strains specifically recognised the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus nucleocapsid protein (N protein). In this study, we report the characterisation of effective tools for the establishment of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus diagnostic methods and we have specifically generated primary antibodies for ELISA, IFA, test strip and Western blotting.

scholarly journals Current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) in European pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Marta Antas ◽  
Grzegorz Woźniakowski
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Farming Industry

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious and devastating enteric disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family. The disease is clinically similar to other forms of porcine gastroenteritis. Pigs are the only known host of the disease, and the occurrence of PED in wild boars is unknown. The virus causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in suckling piglets reaching 100%. Heavy economic losses in the pig-farming industry were sustained in the USA between 2013 and 2015 when PEDV spread very quickly and resulted in epidemics. The loss in the US pig industry has been estimated at almost seven million pigs. The purpose of this review is a description of the current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in European pigs and the risk presented by the introduction of PEDV to Poland in comparison to the epidemics in the USA.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Poland reveals the presence of swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) sequence in S gene

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258318
Author(s):  
Marta Antas ◽  
Monika Olech ◽  
Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric viral disease of pigs with a high morbidity and mortality rate, which ultimately results in huge economic losses in the pig production sector. The etiological agent of this disease is the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) which is an enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA virus. The aim of this study was to perform molecular characterization of PEDV to identify the strains circulating in Poland. In this study, 662 faecal samples from 2015 to 2021 were tested with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results showed that 3.8% of the tested samples revealed a positive result for PEDV. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and complete S gene sequences showed that Polish PEDV strains belonged to the G1b (S-INDEL) subgroup and were closely related to the European PEDV strains isolated from 2014 to 2019. Furthermore, RDP4 analysis revealed that the Polish PEDV strains harboured a recombinant fragment of ~400 nt in the 5’ end of S gene with PEDV and swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) being the major and minor parents, respectively. Antigenic analysis showed that the aa sequences of neutralizing epitopes were conserved among the Polish PEDV strains. Only one strain, #0100/5P, had a unique substitution in the COE epitope. However, Polish PEDV strains showed several substitutions, especially in the COE antigen, as compared to the classical strain CV777. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus strains, as well as the first phylogenetic analysis for PEDV in Poland.

scholarly journals Frequency of diarrhoea-associated viruses in swine of various ages in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Valkó ◽  
András Marosi ◽  
Attila Cságola ◽  
Rózsa Farkas ◽  
Zsuzsanna Rónai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Significant Difference

Enteric viral diseases of swine are one of the most frequent disorders causing huge economic losses in pork production. After the reappearance of an emerging enteropathogen, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Hungary in 2016, an extensive survey was initiated in an attempt to identify diarrhoea-related porcine viruses, including adeno-, astro-, boca-, calici-, circo-, corona-, kobu-, rota- and Torque teno viruses. A total of 384 faecal samples collected during a twoyear period from diarrhoeic and asymptomatic pigs of various ages in 17 farms were screened by conventional and real-time PCR methods. Half of the samples contained at least one examined virus with the dominance of kobuvirus (55.1%) followed by bocaviruses (33.2%) and rotavirus groups A and C together (20.9%), while coronaviruses including PEDV were not found in this set of samples. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the frequency of single infections compared to mixed ones with the exception of weaned pigs, in which group additionally most viruses were detected. The results of this study suggest that the complexity of this disease may vary with age, which makes the prevention of diarrhoea a challenge, especially in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Challenges of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Hélder Quintas ◽  
Isabel Pires ◽  
Andreia Garcês ◽  
Justina Prada ◽  
Filipe Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Club Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Adenomatosis ◽  
And Control

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and jaagsiekte, is a contagious pulmonary tumor of sheep, characterized by neoplastic proliferation of type II pneumocyte and club cells. OPA is induced by the oncogenic activity of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of exogenous jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). This disease is associated with significant economic losses in numerous sheep raising countries. The onset of suggestive clinical signs is often late, making difficult the early diagnosis of the disease and timely implementation of control measures on the affected farms. Further, the lack of diagnostic tests that can be performed routinely by veterinary clinicians to accurately assess infected animals (e.g., serological or others) means that the true prevalence at flock level is not known. Imaging diagnostic methods (e.g., ultrasound, X-ray and computed tomography) can be used to support the clinical diagnosis, even in pre-clinical stages in affected flocks. The diagnosis must be confirmed by PCR of nasal excretions or immunohistochemistry and PCR of tumor lesions. No vaccine for OPA has yet been developed. Thus, in this work, we review the main methods of diagnosis of OPA in order to support the clinician in the identification of the disease, avoid underdiagnosis and allow the implementation of suitable measures to prevent and control its spread.

scholarly journals Diagnostic studies of abortion in Danish cattle 2015–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godelind Alma Wolf-Jäckel ◽  
Mette Sif Hansen ◽  
Gitte Larsen ◽  
Elisabeth Holm ◽  
Jørgen Steen Agerholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
International Studies ◽  
National Veterinary Institute ◽  
Diagnostic Certainty ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protozoal Infection

Abstract Background Abortion is a major source of economic losses in cattle breeding. Abortion occurs due to a wide range of causes, but infections are the most frequently diagnosed. However, establishing an aetiological diagnosis remains challenging due to the large variety of bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and fungi that have been associated with abortion in cattle. Economic restraints limit the range of diagnostic methods available for routine diagnostics, and decomposition of the conceptus or lack of proper fetal and/or maternal samples further restrict the diagnostic success. In this study, we report recent diagnostic findings from bovine abortions in Denmark, a country that has a large dairy sector and is free from most infectious agents causing epizootic abortion in cattle. The aims of the study were: (i) to identify infectious causes of bovine abortion in Denmark, (ii) to categorise the diagnostic findings based on the level of diagnostic certainty, and (iii) to assess the diagnostic rate. Due to economic restraints, only a limited panel of routine diagnostic methods were available. Placentas and/or fetuses from mid- to late-term abortions and stillbirths (n = 162) were submitted to the Danish National Veterinary Institute between January 2015 and June 2017. The aborted materials were examined macroscopically, histologically, and by bacterial culture. Maternal blood samples were tested for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antibodies. Results The likely aetiology of the abortion was diagnosed in 52 cases, resulting in a diagnostic rate of 33%. The most common cause was protozoal infection (19%) followed by infection with Trueperella pyogenes (3%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), and non-haemolytic Escherichia coli (2%). Lesions in fetuses with a protozoal infection were consistent with neosporosis. In many cases (38%), inflammatory changes were found in the placenta and/or fetal organs but no specific aetiology was identified. Neither infection with Brucella spp. nor maternal BVDV antibodies were detected. The majority of submitting herds (92%) were each represented by fewer than three abortion cases over the study period. Conclusions Protozoal infection, most likely neosporosis, was the most commonly diagnosed cause of abortion and the only one associated with potential epizootic abortion events. Despite using a reduced number of diagnostic methods in comparison to other abortion studies, the diagnostic rate of this study was within the range reported in an earlier Danish study, as well as in recent international studies. The low number of submitted cases per herd and the sparse anamnestic information provided at submission hampered conclusions on the potential epizootic character of the abortion events in question.

Phylogeny and expression of the nucleocapsid gene of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Guangxing Li ◽  
Yudong Ren ◽  
Siqingaowa Suo ◽  
Xiaofeng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
High Level Expression ◽  
Nucleocapsid Gene ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
High Level

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is one of the important pathogens that may cause severe diarrhoea in piglets. In this study, the nucleocapsid (N) gene of a Chinese PEDV isolate designated HLJBY was cloned. The phylogeny of PEDV strains was investigated by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the N protein sequences. The results indicate that there are two major groups of Chinese PEDVs, a Japanese PEDV group and a Korean PEDV group. High-level expression of the N protein was achieved inEscherichia coli. The immunoreactivity between PEDV particles or the bacterially expressed N protein and rabbit anti-PEDV serum was confirmed by immunofluorescence assays and Western blot. Both PEDV N protein and the polyclonal antibody generated in this study are valuable diagnostic reagents for PEDV surveillance.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterisation of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in Hungary – Short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Valkó ◽  
Ervin Albert ◽  
Attila Cságola ◽  
Tünde Varga ◽  
Krisztián Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is an emerging enteropathogen, causing great economic losses in the pig industry. After many years of quiescence, PEDV was detected in Hungary in 2016 with a recombination in its S gene. In order to determine the extent of this change, an attempt was made to isolate the recombinant PEDV. This study was extended with a variety of samples collected from three separate farms with newly identified PEDV in 2018. The recombinant PEDV from 2016 was isolated successfully along with three viruses from 2018, and one isolate from the new cases was used for whole genome determination. Whole genome sequence alignment revealed the highest identity with recombinant Hungarian and Slovenian PEDV within the low-pathogenic European viruses. This suggests that these recombinant PEDV are circulating in this area and may spread to other parts of the continent.

scholarly journals Microbiological, serological and molecular diagnosis of abscess of withers in equine in the State of Pará

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e34910917754
Author(s):  
Vitória Fonseca Rodrigues ◽  
Andrea Viana da Cruz ◽  
Elem Cristina Macedo Barra ◽  
Barbara Wilka Leal Silva ◽  
Camila de Cássia dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Joint Evaluation

There are several infectious diseases that affect equines and can cause large economic losses in this sector and damage to animal welfare. In this species, abscessing lesions of a purulent character preferentially in the withers are strongly suggestive of brucellosis. However, few studies have been carried out on the disease in this species, making its identification and control difficult due to the lack of standardization in the interpretation of results. Therefore, samples of whole blood, serum and purulent secretion were collected from three horses. The animals came from the state of Pará. The diagnostic methods selected were the Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), for the negative molecular results for brucellosis, microbiological analysis were chosen. Although part of the samples were positive for brucellosis in serological tests, all of them showed negative results for PCR. In bacterial cultivation, species were isolated Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Enterococcus faecalis e Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. lentus., which showed resistance to antibacterials, especially the E. faecalis isolate classified as MDR (multi drug resistant). In conclusion, the best form of diagnosis is the joint evaluation of several tests, both screening and confirmatory, in order to obtain a definitive diagnosis with assertiveness.

scholarly journals Porcine enteric coronavirus infections in wild boar in Poland – a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Antas ◽  
Monika Olech ◽  
Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Provinces Of Poland

Abstract Introduction Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) of the Coronaviridae family causes significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Wild boars contribute to the transmission of different viral, bacterial and parasitic infections to livestock animals and humans. However, their role in the maintenance and transmission of PEDV has not been established. Material and Methods In this study, blood and faecal samples from 157 wild boars were collected from 14 provinces of Poland during the 2017–2018 hunting season. RNA was extracted from the faecal homogenate supernatant and subjected to quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), while clotted blood samples were used for detection of antibodies against PEDV by ELISA. Results Five blood samples (3.2%) were seropositive in ELISA, while none of the faecal samples were found positive using RT-qPCR assays. Conclusion The results of this analysis indicate the need for additional studies incorporating a larger number of samples and preferably comparing different serological methods, to confirm whether wild boars in Poland act as PEDV reservoirs.

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