scholarly journals Enzymatic degradation of polysaccharides in Chinese vinegar residue to produce alcohol and xylose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyi Liu ◽  
Shulai Zhou ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Liran Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Vinegar Residue ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Chinese Vinegar

Vinegar residue is a key secondary waste in the brewing industry that is often disposed irresponsibly, due to its large quantity and lack of reasonably effective use, causing environmental pollution issues. NaOH was used to pretreat Chinese vinegar residue, and the reaction products were consumed by the enzyme complex and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1300 during the stage of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The results show that the optimal pretreatment conditions for Chinese vinegar residue were solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 11‏, NaOH concentration of 2.2%, pretreatment temperature of 63 °C, pretreatment time of 80 min, and amount of 4.9 IU g<sup>–1</sup> xylanase. While these optimal conditions allowed more effective enzymatic degradation of the dried vinegar residue and resulted in the total sugar yield of 66.1%. Subsequently, dried vinegar residue and enzyme complex were added into the SSF process four times, and SSF reacted in a shaker at 120 r min<sup>–1</sup> and 37 °C for 120 h, the yields of ethanol and xylose were 31.4% and 18.5%, respectively. Therefore, the method of Chinese vinegar residue for alcohol and xylose production by SSF was proved.

scholarly journals A study on alkali pretreatment conditions of sorghum stem for maximum sugar recovery using statistical approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Nikzad ◽  
Kamyar Movagharnejad ◽  
Farid Talebnia ◽  
Ghasem Najafpour ◽  
Farahi Hosein
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Energy Production System ◽  
Central Composite

Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass provides an alternative energy-production system. Sorghum bicolor stem is a cheap agro-waste for bioethanol production. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize alkali pretreatment conditions for sorghum bicolor stem with respect to substrate concentration, NaOH concentration and pretreatment time based on a central composite rotary design. The main goal was to achieve the highest glucose and xylose yields after enzymatic hydrolysis. Under optimum conditions of pretreatment i.e. time 60.4 min, solid loading 4.2%, and NaOH concentration 1.7%, yields of 98.94% g glucose/g cellulose and 65.14% g xylose/g hemicelluloses were obtained. The results of a confirmation experiment under the optimal conditions agreed well with model predictions. Pretreatment of sorghum bicolor stem at the optimum condition increased the glucose and xylose yields by 7.14 and 3.02 fold, respectively. Alkali pretreatment showed to be a great choice for the pretreatment of sorghum bicolor stem.

scholarly journals Chemical Kinetics of Alkaline Pretreatment of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Prior Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Eshorame Sanni ◽  
Olasubomi Akinrinola ◽  
Esther Ojima Yusuf ◽  
Omololu Oluwatobi Fagbiele ◽  
Oluranti Agboola
Keyword(s):  
Waste Material ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Vast Area ◽  
Total Lignin

Background:Napier grass is a naturally abundant waste material that can be cultivated over a vast area of land which makes it a viable source for sugar and bioethanol production.Introduction:The presence of lignin in the biomass makes cellulose inaccessible for conversion to useful products, however, in order to provide for efficient utilization of the waste material, reagent and energy, a study on the kinetics of lignin removal from Napier grass was carried out in this work using 1 and 3 w/w % NaOH at temperatures between 80 and 120°C.Materials & Methods:Based on the investigation, there was increased lignin removal for increased NaOH concentration. Kinetic parameters were also determined and it was observed that, the reaction of lignin in Napier grass with NaOH obeys a pseudo-zero or pseudo-fractional order kinetics. Furthermore, the orders of the reaction for the pretreatment conditions of 3 w/w% NaOH at 100°C and those of 3 and 1 w/w NaOH at 120°C gave close reaction orders of 0.2, 0.22 and 0.24 respectively after 110 minutes, which implies that, for the three cases, the residual lignin in the extract was almost the same at the pretreatment conditions while slight differences are evident in their pseudo rate constants. Also, it was observed that, the activation energy of the reaction reduced significantly as the concentration of NaOH increased from 1w/w - 3 w/w%.Conclusion:Based on the AIL and the total lignin (i.e.AIL + ASL) in the Napier grass, the recorded delignification efficiencies at the optimum pretreatment time of 17.5 h are 90 and 76% respectively. In addition, the adopted Differential Technique (DT) combined with the Ostwald Method of Isolation (OMI) can be accurately used to study the kinetics of lignin removal from Napier grass.

scholarly journals Strategy to enhance the sugar production using recyclable inorganic salt for pre-treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 4912-4931
Author(s):  
Nursia Hassan ◽  
Nur Amirah Khairina Khairil Anwar ◽  
Ani Idris
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

Inorganic salts were used for the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) to enhance the delignification and saccharification yield of OPEFB. The sequential pretreatment of OPEFB using sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4.12H2O) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) proved to be an effective approach. OPEFB was delignified by 58.8%, producing a maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 0.97 g/g under optimum pretreatment conditions of 15% Na3PO4.12H2O, 60 min (30 min/stage) pretreatment time, 10% solid to liquid ratio, and pretreatment temperature of 121 °C. In addition, structural and morphological analysis of the pretreated OPEFB using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X- ray diffraction (X-RD) revealed major structural changes, such as the generation of porous structure, which allows for better enzyme accessibility. Moreover, recycle experiments showed encouraging findings, as the spent pretreatment liquid with pH adjustment can be recycled efficiently for at least 5 times without a substantial decrease in its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Optimization and Evaluation of Alkali-Pretreated Paeonia Ostii Seed Coats as Adsorbent for the Removal of Mb From Aqueous Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Shaowen Zhang ◽  
Lingbo Qu ◽  
Baozeng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Adsorption Capability

Abstract A novel effi cient adsorbent, alkali-pretreated Paeonia ostii seed coats (AP-PSC), was investigated for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from solution. Orthogonal array design was applied to optimize the process parameters viz. alkali concentration, liquid-solid ratio (LSR) and pretreatment time. The results revealed that the optimal pretreatment conditions were at 0.8% (w/w) NaOH with LSR of 0.35 L g-1 treating for 50 min. Equilibrium and kinetic studies indicated that Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second-order models described the experimental data well. The maximum adsorption capability was of 368.2 mg g-1 for MB at 25oC. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the AP-PSC adsorption process was physical, endothermic and spontaneous. Furthermore, the adsorption process was infl uenced by several interactive mechanisms, including ion-exchange, as well as Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds that occur concomitantly. It was concluded that AP-PSC may be potential as an effi cient adsorbent to remove MB from solution.

scholarly journals Characterization of Total-Phosphorus (TP) Pretreatment Microfluidic Chip Based on a Thermally Enhanced Photocatalyst for Portable Analysis of Eutrophication

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3452
Author(s):  
Dong Geon Jung ◽  
Daewoong Jung ◽  
Seong Ho Kong
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Photocatalytic Reaction ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Analysis System

To minimize conventional total-phosphorus (TP) analysis systems, TP pretreatment microfluidic chip is proposed and characterized in this paper. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements in ecosystem but it causes the eutrophication due to its overdose. TP analysis systems are increasingly receiving attention as a means to prevent eutrophication. Even though conventional TP analysis systems have high accuracy and sensitivity, they are not frequently utilized outside the laboratory because of their bulky size, complicated pretreatment processes, long response times, and high cost. Thus, there is a growing need to develop portable TP analysis systems. The microfluidic chip in this study is proposed with the aim of simplifying and minimizing TP analysis by replacing the conventional pretreatment process with a new method employing a thermally enhanced photocatalytic reaction that can be applied directly to a microfluidic chip of small size. The fabricated TP pretreatment microfluidic chip with thermally enhanced photocatalyst (TiO2) was optimized compared to the conventional pretreatment equipment (autoclave). The optimum pretreatment conditions using the proposed chip were pretreatment time of 10 min and temperature of 75 °C. The optimized pretreatment process using the proposed microfluidic chip showed similar performance to the conventional pretreatment method, even with shorter pretreatment time. The shorter pretreatment time and small size are advantages that enable the TP analysis system to be minimized. Therefore, the proposed TP pretreatment microfluidic chip based on thermally enhanced photocatalytic reaction in this study will be utilized to develop a portable TP analysis system.

scholarly journals Effect of Low Temperatures and Residence Times of Pretreatment on Glucan Reactivity of Sodium Hydroxide-Pretreated Rice Straw

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Supaporn SOPHONPUTTANAPHOCA ◽  
Kontawan SIRIGATMANEERAT ◽  
Kulphaphorn KRUAKRUT
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

Alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is an approach to enhance the susceptibility of the biomass that is subsequently converted into fermentable sugars. The efficacy of the sodium hydroxide pretreatment of rice straw RD41 was evaluated in terms of total solid removal, lignin removal, glucan recovery, and glucan conversion yields. The pretreatment conditions were 50, 60, 70, 80, and 100 °C, and each temperature kept for 1 to 5 h. The effect of pretreatment temperatures was more pronounced than that of the pretreatment times. The elevated temperatures caused higher total solid removal and lignin removal. The highest total solid removal (52.5 to 55.8 %) was found in the pretreatment at 100 °C. At this temperature, the highest lignin removal (~87 %) could be obtained regardless of the residence times of the pretreatment. Most of the glucan (~80 to 100 %) was preserved in the pretreated rice straw. Lower temperatures (50 and 60 °C) favored higher glucan preservation (> 90 %) in the pretreated solids. Glucan conversion of the 3 h pretreatment time samples of each pretreatment temperature revealed that more than 80 % of glucan conversion could be accounted for in samples pretreated at 70 to 100 °C within 24 h of saccharification. The lower temperatures required a prolonged pretreatment time to reach a higher glucan conversion (~90 %), as found in the 50 °C, 5 h pretreated rice straw. The optimal conditions of this simple method are economically feasible, and can be applied to testing the reactivity of herbaceous lignocellulose in future research.

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