scholarly journals Relationships between external and internal udder measurements and the linear scores for udder morphology traits in dairy sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Milerski ◽  
M. Margetín ◽  
A. Čapistrák ◽  
D. Apolen ◽  
J. Špánik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Residual Error ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Animal Effects

Udder morphology traits were measured and subjectively assessed by the use of linear scores in 266 ewes of Tsigai (T), Improved Walachian (IW) and Lacaune (LC) dairy breeds. Animals were recorded repeatedly within and between lactations, therefore 772 sets of measurements and linear scores were collected in total. Udder measurements included: udder length, udder width, rear udder depth, cistern depth, teat length, teat angle, sum of cistern cross-section areas scanned by the ultrasound technique from the side and from the bottom in a water bath. Linear scores were assessed for: udder depth, cistern depth, teat placement, teat length, udder attachment, udder cleft, and udder shape from the aspect of machine milking. Analysis of variance was conducted by the mixed procedure of SAS statistical package. The model included effects of experimental day, parity, days in milk, random effect of animal and residual error. Subsequently, correlations between random animal effects for udder measurements and linear scores were computed for individual examined breeds separately. Subjectively assessed linear scores for udder depth, cistern depth, teat position and teat size showed high correlations with actual measurements of the respective traits on udder in all examined breeds (r<sub>p</sub> = 0.65&ndash;0.80). Linear scores for cistern depth and teat position were highly correlated (r<sub>p</sub> = 0.84; 0.77 and 0.90 for T; IW and LC ewes), suggesting that they are nearly identical traits. Linear score for udder shape was significantly correlated with the linear score for udder attachment in all examined breeds (r<sub>p</sub> = 0.79; 0.80 and 0.78 for T; IW and LC). In T and IW assessments of the udder shape were also highly correlated with linear score for udder height (r<sub>p</sub> = 0.84 resp. r<sub>p</sub> = 0.79) while in LC this correlation was close to zero. In LC assessment of the udder shape was more dependent on teat position (r<sub>p</sub> = &ndash;0.37) and cistern depth (r<sub>p</sub> = &ndash;0.30). &nbsp;

Seasonality in the Cross Section of Stock Returns: The International Evidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Heston ◽  
Ronnie Sadka
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Trading Strategies ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Seasonal Predictability ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractThis paper studies seasonal predictability in the cross section of international stock returns. Stocks that outperform the domestic market in a particular month continue to outperform the domestic market in that same calendar month for up to 5 years. The pattern appears in Canada, Japan, and 12 European countries. Global trading strategies based on seasonal predictability outperform similar nonseasonal strategies by over 1% per month. Abnormal seasonal returns remain after controlling for size, beta, and value, using global or local risk factors. In addition, the strategies are not highly correlated across countries. This suggests they do not reflect return premiums for systematic global risk.

Eco-friendly Leather Dyeing using Ultrasound Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Md. Abu Sayid Mia ◽  
Refat E Ashraf ◽  
Mohammad Nurnabi ◽  
Md. Zahnagir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Spent Liquor ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Sem Analyses

In this study, leather was dyed using ultrasound and conventional methods to investigate the influence of ultrasound on leather dyeing. Ultrasound is more effective than mechanical agitation in enhancing leather dyeing. Effects of various process parameters, such as, dyeing temperature, dyeing time and doses of dye on dyeing of leather in presence of ultrasound were investigated. Dyed leathers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photomicrographic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), etc. It was observed that percentage exhaustion of dye, dye uptake, dye penetration and diffusion coefficient were increased significantly in presence of ultrasound compared to those of dyeing in absence of ultrasound. Moreover, physical properties of the dyed leathers were also investigated. Color rub fastness, perspiration, tensile strength, etc. of dyed leather in presence of ultrasound were higher than that of without ultrasound. SEM analyses of the surface and cross section of the dyed leather showed that fiber structure was not affected by ultrasound. Photomicrographic analysis of cross-section of the dyed leather also showed a deeper penetration of dye in presence of ultrasound. Consequently, dye content in the spent liquor was decreased resulting in a lower environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Import Flows of Bangladesh: Gravity Model Approach under Panel Data Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mili Roy ◽  
Md. Israt Rayhan
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Extended Gravity ◽  
Trading Partners

In counterpoint to export growth, Bangladesh import growth has remained much less strong, despite impressive progress in import liberalization. This study gives an overview of different methodologies related to gravity model analysis in Bangladesh’s import flow. A pooled cross section and time series data were analyzed to incorporate the country specific heterogeneity in country pair trading partners. The import flows are justified by the basic gravity model since Bangladesh’s imports are positively significant by the economy size and inversely related to trade barrier. Accordingly, we have analyzed pooled ordinary least square, fixed effect, random effect. This study also explores extended gravity model using several variables in the light of gravity model panel data approach. Bangladesh’s import is determined by the home and foreign country’s gross domestic product and exchange rate. In addition, Cross section results show that regional trade arrangement which is South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation and border are significant for Bangladesh’s importimplies that Bangladesh should import more from intra regional country and also should import from India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11485 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 153-157, 2012 (July)  

scholarly journals Effect of the Age on the Evaluation of Horse Conformation and Movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Wejer ◽  
Dorota Lewczuk
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Young Horses

AbstractThe evaluation of horse conformation is a changeable characteristic and knowledge of its character is essential in horse breeding. The effect of the age was investigated based on the analysis of a subjective evaluation of eight conformation and movement traits according to the 70 points scale of registered 857 Polish Trakehner. The analysis of variance included fixed effects of sex (mares and stallions), age (up to 1 year, yearlings, 2-year-old, 3-year-old and older) and the kind of breeder (private/national) and the random effect of the sire. The effect of the sire was statistically significant for all traits. The effect of the sex was significant only for the movement traits – the walk and canter in stallions reached higher notes. The effect of the kind of breeder was also statistically significant but only for the movement traits. The considered effect of the age was the most surprising result as it was statistically significant for all traits, but the only differences between age classes were found between very young horses (up to 1 year) and all other groups. The phenotypic correlations between traits suggest that traits such as overall impression, type, trunk and limbs (feet and legs) are overvalued in the youngest group of horses.

scholarly journals Teat anatomy affects requirements for udder preparation in Mediterranean buffaloes

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ambord ◽  
Michael H Stoffel ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Longitudinal Cross Section ◽  
Additional Experiment ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Teat Canal ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The present study was conducted to assess the interrelation between teat anatomy and machine milking in dairy buffaloes raised in Switzerland. A 3-min pre-stimulation induced milk ejection before cluster attachment in most cases and caused an optimal milk removal during machine milking. In an additional experiment, longitudinal cross-section ultrasound was obtained before and after a 3-min pre-stimulation. Teat wall thickness, teat diameter, cisternal diameter and teat canal length were evaluated. It was observed that 3-min pre-stimulation dramatically reduced teat canal length whereas all the other anatomical parameters remained unchanged. The vacuum needed to open the teat canal was also measured before and after a 3-min pre-stimulation by using a special teat cup with only the mouthpiece of the liner remaining on the top of the teat cup (no liner, no pulsation). Without pre-stimulation but after wetting the teat canal by stripping one squirt of milk out of the teat, no milk could be withdrawn with a vacuum up to 39 kPa. However, after pre-stimulation, milk flow occurred in all buffaloes at a vacuum between 16 and 38 kPa. In the last experiment, the teat tissue was examined in slaughtered buffaloes and compared with teat tissue of cows. No difference was noted in histological sections and teat canal length was similar in cows and buffaloes. Proximal to the teat canal, the teat did not pass into an open cistern but the lumen was collapsed. In conclusion, buffaloes need to be well pre-stimulated because the tissue above the teat canal provides additional teat closure before milk ejection. Therefore, milk can only be obtained after pre-stimulation.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN RATA-RATA LAMA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Miftaqh Nur Faritz ◽  
Ady Soejoto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Central Java Province

Latar belakang yang mendasari penelitian ini karena Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan provinsi dengan presentase penduduk miskin sebesar 11,19% Tahun 2018 dan menempati posisi dua terbawah dari berberapa provinsi yang ada di Pulau Jawa, Kemiskinan di Jawa Tengah disebabkan oleh rendahnya pertumbuhan ekonomi serta rendahnya pendidikan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan rata-rata lama sekolah terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data panel dengan data yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik, mengunakan Cross Section 35 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Time Series tahun 2009-2018, menggunakan model random effect. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap kemiskinan di provinsi jawa tengah, rata-rata lama sekolah berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap kemiskinan di provinsi jawa tengah. Sedangkan secara simultan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan rata-rata lama sekolah berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap kemiskinan di provinsi jawa tengah Kata Kunci : Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah dan Kemiskinan AbstractThe background which is the basis of this research is that Central Java Province is a province with a poor population percentage of 11.19% in 2018 and occupies the second lowest position of several provinces in Java Island, Poverty in Central Java is caused by low economic growth and low public education . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of economic growth and average length of school on poverty in Central Java Province. This research uses panel data analysis techniques with data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, using Cross Section 35 districts / cities in Central Java Province and Time Series in 2009-2018, using a random effect model. The results of this research show that partially economic growth has a significant negative effect on poverty in Central Java Province, the average length of school has a significant negative effect on poverty in the province of Central Java. While simultaneous economic growth and average length of school have a significant negative effect on poverty in Central Java Province.Keywords: Economic Growth, Mean Years School, Poverty.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly Chrome Tanning of Leather using Ultrasound Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abu Sayid Mia ◽  
Shamima Yeasmin ◽  
Mohammad Nurnabi ◽  
Md. Zahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Sem Analyses

Abstract This article describes the development of an environment friendly chrome tanning of leather using ultrasound. Most of the leathers are tanned by the conventional method using basic chromium sulphate. It is one of the most polluting and time-consuming steps in leather processing. In this study, investigations were carried out on ultrasound assisted eco-friendly tanning process so that the chrome tanning agent could provide better quality leather without creating any environmental problem. Effects of using ultrasound in chrome tanning process were studied at different pH, tanning time, tanning agent dosage, and then compared with that of conventional method. Tanned leathers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photomicrographic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), etc. SEM analyses of the surface and cross-section of the tanned leather showed that fibre structures were not affected by ultrasound. It was also found that the shrinkage temperature of leather tanned with ultrasound was increased by about 5–29°C. Chrome uptake and content were found to increase by 30–50% and 1–7%, respectively. Tanning time was shortened from 6 hours to 2 hours and the quantity of leachable chromium in the leather was also decreased significantly. The noteworthy enhancing effects have been attributed largely because of the increased penetration of tanning agents into pickled leather. Photomicrographic analysis of the cross-section of the tanned leather also showed a higher penetration of tanning agents in presence of ultrasound.

scholarly journals THE ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF INVESTOR SENTIMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1477-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandler Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Dynamic Factor Model ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Asymmetric Effects ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

We use the returns on lottery-like stocks and a dynamic factor model to construct a novel index of investor sentiment. This new measure is highly correlated with other behavioral indicators, but more closely tracks speculative episodes. Our main new finding is that the effects of sentiment are asymmetric: During peak-to-trough periods of investor sentiment (sentiment contractions), high sentiment predicts low future returns for the cross section of speculative stocks and for the market overall, whereas the relationship between sentiment and future returns is positive but relatively weak during trough-to-peak episodes (sentiment expansions). Overall, these results match theories and anecdotal accounts of investor sentiment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh PDRB, Upah Minimum Provinsi, dan Angkatan Kerja Terhadap Investasi Asing Langsung di Indonesia Tahun 2013-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Siti Utma ◽  
◽  
Arif Rakhman
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Common Effect ◽  
Effect Model

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), upah minimum provinsi (UMP), dan angkatan kerja terhadap investasi asing langsung di Indonesia tahun 2013 – 2016. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data panel yang merupakan gabungan data provinsi sebagai cross section dan tahun 2013 – 2016 sebagai time series. Investasi asing langsung merupakan variabel dependen, sedangkan variabel Independen yang digunakan adalah produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), upah minimum provinsi (UMP), dan angkatan kerja. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi dengan tiga model yaitu common effect model, fixed effect model, dan random effect model. Dari tiga model tersebut, fixed Effects Model (FEM) terpilih sebagai model regresi data panel yang paling tepat. Hasil regresi produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap investasi asing langsung. Hal ini berarti setiap kenaikan produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) akan menaikkan investasi asing langsung di Indonesia. Adapun variabel upah minimum provinsi (UMP) dan Angkatan Kerja, tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap investasi asing langsung di Indonesia tahun 2013 – 2016.

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