scholarly journals Amino acid contents and biological value of protein in various amaranth species

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Písaříková ◽  
S. Kráčmar ◽  
I. Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amaranth Species ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Amino acid content before and after heat treatment was assessed in grain of six selected amaranth varieties and four species: Amaranthus cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus and A. hybridus, cultivated in the Czech Republic. High content of Lys and Arg was detected in both heat treated and untreated grains, as well as satisfactory content of Cys and lower levels of Met, Val, Ile and Leu. The latter three amino acids appear as limiting. Chemical scores of essential amino acids and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were determined. EAAI value of 90.4% shows the favourable nutritional quality of amaranth protein, which is almost comparable with egg protein. Heat treatment by popping at 170 to 190°C for 30 s resulted in decreased EAAI to 85.4%. Of the essential amino acids under study, Val and Leu contents decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The relatively high content of essential amino acids in amaranth grain predetermines its use as a substitution of meat-and-bone meals.  

scholarly journals Available lysine and digestible amino acid contents of proteinaceous foods of India

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S59-S68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane M. Rutherfurd ◽  
Kiran Bains ◽  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Prepared Food

Cereals and legumes are staple foods in India and are limiting in lysine and sulphur amino acids, respectively. Available lysine loss, due to Maillard-type reactions that may occur during food preparation, exacerbates the problem of lysine deficiency particularly in cereals. Consequently, determining the contents of digestible essential amino acids, particularly lysine, is important. True ileal digestibilities of most amino acids (including total and reactive lysine) were determined for ten food ingredients and eleven foods commonly consumed in India. Semi-synthetic diets each containing either an ingredient or the prepared food as the sole protein source were formulated to contain 100 g kg− 1protein (75 g kg− 1for rice-based diets) and fed to growing rats. Titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker. Digesta were collected and the amino acid content (including reactive lysine) of diets and ileal digesta determined. Available (digestible reactive) lysine content ranged from 1·9–15·4 g kg− 1and 1·8–12·7 g kg− 1across the ingredients and prepared foods respectively. True ileal amino acid digestibility varied widely both across ingredients and prepared foods for each amino acid (on average 60–92 %) and across amino acids within each ingredient and prepared food (overall digestibility 31–96 %). Amino acid digestibility was low for many of the ingredients and prepared foods and consequently digestibility must be considered when assessing the protein quality of poorer quality foods. Given commonly encountered daily energy intakes for members of the Indian population, it is estimated that lysine is limiting for adults in many Indian diets.

scholarly journals PROFIL PROTEIN DAN ASAM AMINO KEONG IPONG-IPONG (Fasciolaria salmo) PADA PENGOLAHAN YANG BERBEDA

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sri Purwaningsih ◽  
Ella Salamah ◽  
Gian P Apriyana
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Calculation ◽  
Improve Health

Ipong-Ipong (Fasciolaria salmo) snail is a mollusk from marine gastropod class in Cirebon, West Java which is consumed by public and believed to improve health, but no research on the protein and amino acid content. This study aimed to determine the proximate content, acid insoluble ash, amino acids (before and after treatment), and content of taurine on the best methods. The research was conducted in two parts. The first part covers sampling, identification, preparation, determination of size and weight, calculation of body recovery, processing, and organoleptic tests. The second part consists of processing treatments boiling (100ºC for 15 minutes), steaming (100ºC for 20 minutes), and boiling with the addition of 3% salt for 15 minutes. The results showed that the treatment gives a significant effect in fat, protein, water, ash and acid insoluble ash content (α=0.05). The highest content of essential amino acids in Ipong-ipong snail was arginine and non-essential amino acid was glutamic. The treatment method causes decreased in amino acid content. Steaming resulted in a decrease of taurine content of 164.17 mg/100 g to 149.62 mg/100 g.<br /> <br /><br />

Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

scholarly journals 24-Epibrassinolide Restores the Synthesis of Proteins and Amino Acids in Brassica juncea L. Leaves Under Imidacloprid Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anket Sharma ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Thukral ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Abstract Pesticides are applied to protect crops from a variety of insect pests but their application cause toxicity to plants that results, among others, in reduction of protein as well as amino acid contents. The present study is aimed at observing the effect of seed pre-soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on the protein and amino acid content in the leaves of Brassica juncea L. grown in soil that is amended with pesticide im-idacloprid (IMI). Soil amendment with IMI resulted in a decrease in the contents in leaves of total proteins and 21 amino acids studied. Seed soaking with 100 nM of EBL resulted in the recovery of total protein as well as amino acid contents in leaves, when compared with plants grown in only IMI amended soils.

AMINO ACIDS IN THE BLOOD AND URINE OF NORMAL AND ARTHRITIC SUBJECTS BEFORE AND AFTER A GLYCINE LOAD GIVEN WITH AND WITHOUT ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Derrick ◽  
Audrey P. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum And Urine

Observations have been made on the specific free amino acids (chromatographic analysis) and other nitrogenous constituents in the serum and urine of normal and arthritic men under controlled dietary conditions, before and after a glycine load and adrenocorticotropin administered separately and together.Differences in the metabolism of amino acids between normal individuals and arthritics, particularly of alanine, proline, glutamic acid, taurine, and possibly tyrosine (and/or tryptophan) and cystine, were apparent. The differences were largely confined to the non-essential amino acids. Concomitant increases seen in the serum levels and in the excretion of several amino acids, in response to a load of a single amino acid, indicate that the increases in excretion are more than a matter of competition for reabsorption in the kidney. A prerenal phenomenon appears to be involved, possibly interconversion of amino acids. This concept is supported by the evidence that the increases in the serum levels were restricted to the non-essential amino acids.

AMINO ACIDS IN THE BLOOD AND URINE OF NORMAL AND ARTHRITIC SUBJECTS BEFORE AND AFTER A GLYCINE LOAD GIVEN WITH AND WITHOUT ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Derrick ◽  
Audrey P. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum And Urine

Observations have been made on the specific free amino acids (chromatographic analysis) and other nitrogenous constituents in the serum and urine of normal and arthritic men under controlled dietary conditions, before and after a glycine load and adrenocorticotropin administered separately and together.Differences in the metabolism of amino acids between normal individuals and arthritics, particularly of alanine, proline, glutamic acid, taurine, and possibly tyrosine (and/or tryptophan) and cystine, were apparent. The differences were largely confined to the non-essential amino acids. Concomitant increases seen in the serum levels and in the excretion of several amino acids, in response to a load of a single amino acid, indicate that the increases in excretion are more than a matter of competition for reabsorption in the kidney. A prerenal phenomenon appears to be involved, possibly interconversion of amino acids. This concept is supported by the evidence that the increases in the serum levels were restricted to the non-essential amino acids.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF AMINO ACIDS IN 8 DIFFERENT BOILED TROPICAL FRUITS

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Radha Palaniswamy ◽  
Dhanyasri Selvaraj ◽  
Sandhiya Renganathan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Good Balance

Objective: To determine the protein quality, especially the amino acid content of 8 tropical fruits both raw and boiled samples. Eight different tropical fruits were used in the study (Apricot, Jamun, Dragonfruit, Pomegranate, Mangustan, Litchi, Jackfruit, and Kiwi.Methods: Ninhydrin method was used for the estimation of the concentration of amino acids present in the above fruits. Raw and boiled fruits were used for the study.Results: Both raw and boiled forms which showed thats Jamun and Mangustan contained highest concentration amino acids whereas apricot shows the lowest concentration of amino acids except in Jamun which showed higher values in the raw fruit whereas in others the boiled samples showed higher values.Conclusion: It was evident that tropical fruits have a good balance of the essential amino acids (both raw and boiled fomr) which provide significant sources of protein in our diet.

scholarly journals The effect of individual rye chromosomes on the amino acid content of wheat grains

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Riley ◽  
J. A. D. Ewart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Chromosome I

SUMMARYAt the present time attempts are being made to improve the nutritional value of wheat by increasing the content of certain essential amino acids, particularly lysine, in the proteins of the grain. Rye grain has a considerably higher lysine content than that of wheat. Consequently in the present work studies were made of the amino acid contents of the grains of the wheat variety Holdfast, the rye variety King II, the Triticale derived from these parental varieties and the seven lines in which, in turn, each pair of chromosomes of King II are separately added to Holdfast.Rye chromosome I increased the lysine content of wheat by 8·7% and associated changes in the proportions of other amino acids suggest that this increase is meaningful. Rye chromosome I is in homoeologous group 5 and other reports have indicated a relationship between changed lysine content and another character determined by chromosomes of this group. Consequently there is a suggestion that group 5 chromosomes may be of particular significance in the determination of lysine content in wheat grains. Confirmation of this would lead to a more rational approach to breeding for higher lysine content.

scholarly journals Symbiotic bacteria enable insect to use a nutritionally inadequate diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1658) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Akman Gündüz ◽  
A.E Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Phloem Sap

Animals generally require a dietary supply of various nutrients (vitamins, essential amino acids, etc.) because their biosynthetic capabilities are limited. The capacity of aphids to use plant phloem sap, with low essential amino acid content, has been attributed to their symbiotic bacteria, Buchnera aphidicola , which can synthesize these nutrients; but this has not been demonstrated empirically. We demonstrate here that phloem sap obtained from the severed stylets of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on Vicia faba plants generally provided inadequate amounts of at least one essential amino acid to support aphid growth. Complementary analyses using aphids reared on chemically defined diets with each amino acid individually omitted revealed that the capacity of the symbiotic bacterium B. aphidicola to synthesize essential amino acids exceeded the dietary deficit of all phloem amino acids except methionine. It is proposed that this shortfall of methionine was met by aphid usage of the non-protein amino acid 5-methylmethionine in the phloem sap. This study provides the first quantitative demonstration that bacterial symbiosis can meet the nutritional demand of plant-reared aphids. It shows how symbiosis with micro-organisms has enabled this group of animals to escape from the constraint of requiring a balanced dietary supply of amino acids.

Protein degradation and synthesis measured with multiple amino acid tracers in vivo

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. E733-E741 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tessari ◽  
R. Barazzoni ◽  
M. Zanetti ◽  
M. Vettore ◽  
S. Normand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Multiple Amino Acid

Whether tracers of different essential amino acids yield the same estimates of body protein turnover is still uncertain. Therefore, we have simultaneously determined leucine (Leu; using [14C]Leu), phenylalanine (Phe; using [13C]Phe), and tyrosine (Tyr; using [2H2]Tyr) rates of appearance (Ra) from proteolysis (PD), as well as Leu and Phe disposal, into protein synthesis (PS) both before and after an anabolic stimulus in healthy volunteers. Protein anabolism was stimulated by insulin plus a branched-chain amino acid-enriched aromatic amino acid-deficient amino acid solution, which increased Leu (from 145 +/- 9 to 266 +/- 10 mumol/l) but decreased Phe (from 57 +/- 2 to 46 +/- 3) and Tyr (from 58.7 +/- 5.5 to 21.0 +/- 2.2) concentrations. Postabsorptive endogenous Leu Ra (2.04 +/- 0.12 mumol.kg-1.min-1), Phe Ra (0.66 +/- 0.03), and Tyr Ra (0.45 +/- 0.06), as well as rates of PS determined with the leucine (1.65 +/- 0.10 mumol.kg-1.min-1) and the phenylalanine tracer (0.57 +/- 0.03), agreed well with the known abundance of these amino acids in body protein(s). After insulin and amino acids, PD was suppressed (P < 0.001) using all tracers. However, although percent suppression of endogenous Leu Ra (-->1.49 +/- 0.10 mumol.kg-1.min-1, 26 +/- 5%) and Phe Ra (-->0.53 +/- 0.02 mumol.kg-1.min-1, -20 +/- 2%) were comparable, endogenous Tyr Ra was suppressed to a larger extent (-->0.23 +/- 0.02 mumol.kg-1.min-1, -46 +/- 3% P = 0.038). PS was stimulated using the Leu (+24 +/- 7%, P < 0.02) but not the Phe (+6 +/- 4%, not significant) data. We conclude that isotopes of different essential amino acid: provide comparable estimates of PD and PS in the postabsorptive state. However, their responses to an anabolic stimulus may differ, possibly depending on exogenous amino acid availability and/or the resulting plasma levels.

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