scholarly journals   Effects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Shen ◽  
D.D. Zhao ◽  
H.F. Han ◽  
X.B. Zhou ◽  
Q.Q. Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Compact Type ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Straw Mulching

To develop rainfed agriculture in northern China, we conducted field experiments with three straw mulching rates (0, 6, and 12 t/ha) on two plant types (a compact type, Chaoshi1, and a flat type, Danyu86) during the summer maize-growing season in 2009 and 2010 to study soil moisture content, evapotranspiration, grain yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE). The results indicated that straw mulching could significantly (LSD, P &lt; 0.05) improve soil moisture content at a depth of 20&ndash;80 cm below the ground surface during the anthesis-silking stage; however, at maturity, straw mulching decreased the soil moisture content at a depth of 0&ndash;60 cm below the ground surface. In 2009, straw mulching at the rate of 12 t/ha significantly (LSD, P &lt; 0.05) increased the evapotranspiration in Chaoshi1 and Danyu86. In 2010, straw mulching at the rate of 6 t/ha significantly (LSD,<br />P &lt; 0.05) increased evapotranspiration in Danyu86 alone. The grain yields of Danyu86 in 2009 and Chaoshi1 in 2010 were significantly (LSD, P &lt; 0.05) higher with straw mulching at the rate of 12 t/ha than on the application of other treatments. Irrespective of whether precipitation was concentrated during the beginning or the latter half of the summer maize growing stage, straw mulching increased the WUE of Chaoshi1, but not of Danyu86. These results indicated that under rainfed conditions in northern China, straw mulching could increase the grain yield and WUE of compact-type maize. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on root mass density, soil properties and their correlation on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
MM Sarker ◽  
MA Matin ◽  
MG Hossain ◽  
MMR Sarker ◽  
MS Huda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Root Mass

An experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh during the Aman season of 2008 to study the effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on the root mass density soil properties and their correlation on rice yield (BRRI dhan 41). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The treatments were three tillage operations as factor A: one passing (P1), two passing (P2), and three passing (P3) of a power tiller and four fertilizer and manure treatments as factor B: recommended dose of fertilizers (FM0), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t/ha (FM1), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + rice straw @ 5 t/ha (FM2) and 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung @ 2.5 t/ha plus rice straw @ 2.5 t/ha (FM3). The highest and the lowest bulk densities were found in P1FM0 and P3FM treatments, respectively. The maximum soil moisture content and air filled porosity were obtained in P3FM1 treatment, whereas PM1FM0 demonstrated the lowest soil moisture content. The maximum (8.09 mg cm-3) and minimum (1.63 mg cm-3) root mass densities were observed in P3 (10 cm depth) and P1 (10-20 cm depth) treatments, respectively. The highest grain yield was recorded in P3FM0 treatment. Root mass density was positively correlated with soil moisture content and grain yield, but negatively with bulk density. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 529-535, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12129

An Experimental Study of the Zhao He Grassland Soil Wind Erosion Characteristics on the Northern Foothills of Yin Shan Mountain

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4496-4503
Author(s):  
Jian Qiang Chen ◽  
Man Quan Zhao ◽  
Zhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Soil Wind Erosion ◽  
Erosion Test ◽  
And Control

The soil erosion test was carried out for the Zhao He grassland on the northern foothills of Yin Shan Mountain by the use of a portable wind erosion tunnel developed by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, the variation low of soil wind erosion rate with the different wind speed and different arrangement in pairs of different soil moisture content and different vegetation coverage was obtained and the data analysis indicates that the anti-wind erosion characteristics of ground surface is most satisfactory when the vegetation coverage is 40%, soil moisture content 9.3% and the height of vegetation 50cm. The result of this study may provide a certain reference date for the application of prevention and control technology of soil wind erosion and be of vital significance to the implementation of sustainable development of livestock husbandry.

scholarly journals Post-Anthesis Drought Management in Late-Shown Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Pramod Bhari ◽  
Shrawan K Sah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Post anthesis drought is common problem in late sown wheat, which reduces crop yield. A field experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur in 2005/06 to find out the effect of irrigation, seed rate and mulch on soil moisture content and productivity of late sown wheat. Irrigation applied at crown root initiation CRI and heading stage significantly increased moisture content at 80 days after sowing, grain filling period (GFP) and crop duration period (CDP), thousand grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. Higher seed rate was non significant on yield attributes and yield. Soil moisture content at 30, 80 and 95 days after sowing, vegetative growth period (VGP) and crop duration period, and grain yield were significantly higher in mulched plot than non mulched plot. Irrigation at reproductive stage and mulch were effective in increasing yield of late sown wheat.

A survey on the soil penetration resistance and soil moisture content in field experiments

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359
Author(s):  
P. Földesi ◽  
C. Gyuricza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance

Various forms of physical soil degradation, including soil compaction, have been widely investigated both in Hungary and abroad. Soil compaction is a world-scale problem, which may be triggered by both natural and artificial factors and may adversely influence the effectiveness of crop production. In the long run this unfavourable change in the physical condition of the soil may result in extra expenses, higher energy consumption and excessive environmental damage. The effect of conventional tillage on the physical condition of the soil was assessed on six farms for three years in the framework of field experiments. In this study the physical condition of the soil was examined in terms of soil penetration resistance and moisture content. Significant differences between the experiments were revealed when penetration resistance (PR) was examinated at a depth of 20–30 cm, but not at other depths. In 2004 the mean PR values exceeded 3 MPa in experiments A, B and E. In 2005 significant differences were observed between the experiments at a depth of 30–40 cm, but no adverse compaction was detected at any depth in any of the experiments. In 2006 significant differences were observed between the experiments at depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, though even in that year no adverse soil compaction was detected. In the first year significant differences in soil moisture content were revealed at depths of 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, 30–40 cm and 40–50 cm, and in 2005 at depths of 20–30 cm and 30–40 cm. In 2006 no significant differences were found between the experiments at any depth. The highest soil moisture contents were recorded in all the experiments at a depth of 30–40 cm. All in all, the results of both penetration resistance and moisture content were indicative of favourable soil conditions. During the period investigated adversely compact layers that would hamper moisture transport were not found in any of the experiments.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Mulching on Soil Moisture, Yield, and Yield Contributing Components of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goitom Teame ◽  
Alemtsahay Tsegay ◽  
Berhanu Abrha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Foreign Exchange Earning ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Oil Crops

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the chief foreign exchange earning oil crops in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to lack of appropriate agronomic practices. The aim of this research was to study the effect of organic mulches on sesame productivity and in situ moisture conservation. This experiment was carried out in Humera Agricultural Research Center, Western Tigray, during 2015 growing season. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. There were four types of organic mulches; rice straw, sorghum straw, sesame straw, and Sudan grass were compared with control. Sesame, variety Setit-1 was used in the experiment. The organic mulching rate of application was 10 ton ha−1and this was applied evenly to the soil immediately after germination. Soil water content, phonological characteristics yield, and yield components of sesame were collected. The analyzed results indicated that organic mulching had significant effect on soil moisture content at 0–0.2 m, 0.21–0.4 m, and 0.41–0.6 m in every two-week interval after sowing and grain yield of sesame. Sesame straw conserved highest soil moisture content as compared with respective mulch material. The highest yield (664 kg ha−1) was recorded with Sudan grass while the lowest grain yield (190 kg ha−1) was recorded with no mulch.

scholarly journals Influence of slope direction on the permafrost degradation: a case study in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingwen Fan ◽  
Zhanju Lin ◽  
fujiun niu ◽  
Zeyong Gao ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Slope Direction

Slope direction affects permafrost degradation because of its influence on the surface energy balance. The ground thermal difference between slopes of differing aspect is known, however there are few detailed reports on differences in soil temperature, humidity, and radiation from slopes in permafrost areas that caused permafrost degradation. In this study variations in air and ground thermal regime were compared at two sloping sites with opposing aspect in a permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The results indicate that air temperatures (Ta) were similar at both sites in September 2016-19. However, ground temperatures, including the ground surface temperature (Ts), the temperature near the permafrost surface (Tps), and the permafrost temperature at 5.0 m depth (Tg), and soil moisture content within the active layer differed greatly between sites. The mean annual Ts, Tps, and Tg over three years (2016-19) were 1.3-1.4 ℃ higher at the sunny slope than at the shady slope. The near-surface soil moisture content during the thawing season was 10-13% lower at the sunny slope (~22-27%) than the shady slope (~35-38%), and was significantly and negatively correlated with ground temperature. Shortwave downward radiation (DR) at the sunny slope was higher than at the shady slope. However, net radiation (Rn) was lower at the sunny slope due to the greater surface albedo at the site. The results highlight a complex spatial pattern of ground thermal conditions in mountainous permafrost regions, help define the climate-permafrost relation in the region, and for understanding permafrost degradation on a local scale.

scholarly journals Tillage and seeding strategies for wheat optimizing production in harvested rice fields with high soil moisture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Ding ◽  
Fujian Li ◽  
Tao Le ◽  
Dongyi Xu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
High Soil Moisture

AbstractSuitable tillage and seeding strategies for wheat can be used to combat excessive residues and poor soil conditions in harvested rice fields. This study investigated the effects of different tillage (zero tillage and rotary tillage) and seeding methods on wheat growth, grain yield, nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization, and economic benefit when the soil moisture was high during the tillage and seeding practices. In 2016–2017, three seeders were tested: SM1-1, SM2, and SM3; in 2017–2018, four seeders were tested: SM1-2, SM2, SM3, and SM4. Although the soil moisture was different between years, zero tillage could be used to reduce the sowing depth, which facilitated early-phase wheat growth and N uptake compared with rotary tillage, resulting in higher grain yield, NUpE, and net return. In 2016–2017 (high wet soil), a small-size seeder (SM1-1) with sowing near the soil surface facilitated higher grain yield, NUpE, and net returns compared with the other seeders; in 2017–2018 (low wet soil), medium-size seeders (SM3 and SM4) were more suitable than small-size seeders (SM1-2 and SM2). In both years, the seeders that performed the best mainly improved the spike numbers while increasing N uptake, especially after anthesis. Zero tillage lowered input costs, but small-size seeders did not reduce costs due to the higher labor costs associated with their low working efficiency. Improving net returns depends largely on increasing yield. In conclusion, zero tillage is recommended for wheat production in harvested rice fields with a high soil moisture content, but the suitable seeding method needs to be confirmed according to the soil moisture content.

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