scholarly journals Effect of Mg fertilization on yellowing disease of Norway spruce at higher elevations of the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Podrázský ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Yellowing Disease ◽  
Set Up

Norway spruce yellowing and defoliation caused by Mg deficiency was frequently recorded on many sites of the &Scaron;umava Mts. (Bohemian Forest Mts.) since 1980&rsquo;s. A forest experiment aimed at investigation response of spruce to Mg application (commercial fertilizer SILVAMIX<sup>&reg;</sup> Mg NPK) was set up in 1998. Fertilizer was applied manually in a dose of 96.5 kg Mg/ha in spruce (S) and beech-spruce (BS) vegetation altitudinal zones in spring 2000. Immediate decrease of yellowing was revealed in fertilized plots in both vegetation zones and yellowing almost completely disappeared at the end of the investigation in 2005. Further, fertilization resulted in stabile foliation while marked defoliation was reported from control plots in both vegetation zones. Mg deficiency can be effectively eliminated by appropriate fertilizer application. Balanced nutrition contributes to long-term vigour and stability of forest stands.

scholarly journals Changes in the nutrition and health status of young Norway spruce stands in the Krkonoše Mts. in a 17-year period

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
Novotný Radek ◽  
Lomský Bohumír ◽  
Šrámek Vít
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Spruce Needles

For 17 Norway spruce stands located in the Krkonoše Mts. in the Czech Republic a long-term assessment of defoliation, height increment, foliage concentration of nutrients (N, P, Ca, K, Mg) and stress elements (S, F) was carried out. The results show a decrease of defoliation and a slight increase of height increment, which occur in accordance with the decreasing concentration of sulphur in spruce needles. However, neither sulphur concentration nor height increment trends are significant, suggesting that both the main pollution abatement and the growth resumption took place already in the 1990’s. During the late 1990’s the average spruce defoliation was greater than 35%, while since 2007 it has fluctuated between 18 and 25%, which corresponds with the figures for the forest stands located in the other regions of the Czech Republic. The evaluation of single nutrient concentrations detected occasional deficiencies of P and Mg at individual plots. The good N nutrition (&gt; 15 mg N·g<sup>–1</sup>) in combination with a significantly decreasing trend of P, K and Ca concentrations in Norway spruce needles may potentially constitute a problem in regard to both the future health and the stability of forest stands in the studied region.

scholarly journals Ancient Coppice Woodlands in the Landscape of the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-646
Author(s):  
Antonín Buček ◽  
Linda Černušáková ◽  
Michal Friedl ◽  
Martin Machala ◽  
Petr Maděra
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic

Abstract Ancient coppice woodlands are forest stands of coppice origin with a long-term continual development and preserved typical natural and historic elements of old coppices. Significant natural elements in ancient coppices include polycormons of coppice shoots, pollard trees, trees with holes, dendrotelms, reserved trees, ecotones, glades and significant plant and animal species. Significant historic elements of localities with ancient coppices include archaeological monuments, boundary ditches and walls, boundary stones, boundary trees, myths and legends, sacral objects, old roads and paths, technical objects and plough land remainders. The paper presents differentiation of assumptions for the occurrence of ancient coppices in the territory of the Czech Republic using the COPF coefficient and examples of results from basic regional inventory (Kuřim region) and detailed local survey (locality Lebeďák) of coppice-originated forests. The extinction of the phenomenon of ancient coppice woodlands would mean irreparable impoverishment of the natural and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Ivo Machar ◽  
Veronika Vlckova ◽  
Lubomir Salek ◽  
Vilem Pechanec ◽  
Arkadiusz Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Central European ◽  
Vegetation Zones

Abstract The impact of climate change on forest ecosystems may manifest itself by a shift in forest vegetation zones in the landscape northward and into higher elevations. Studies of climate change-induced vegetation zone shifts in forest ecosystems have been relatively rare in the context of European temperate zone (apart from Alpine regions). The presented paper outlines the results of a biogeographic model of climatic conditions in forest vegetation zones applied in the Central European landscape. The objective of the study is a prediction of future silvicultural conditions for the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), which is one of the principal tree species within European forests. The model is based on a general environmental dependence of forest vegetation zones on the long-term effect of altitudinal and exposure climates defined by the mean and extreme air temperatures and the amount and distribution of atmospheric precipitation. The climatological data for the model were provided by a validated regional climate database for 2010 – 2090 according to the SRES A1B scenario, bound to specific geo-referenced points in the landscape. The geobiocoenological data in the model were provided by the Biogeography Register database which contains ecological data on the landscape bound to individual cadastres of the entire Czech Republic. The biogeographic model applies special programs (the FORTRAN programming language) in the environment of geographic information systems. The model outputs can be clearly graphically visualized as scenarios of predicted future climatic conditions of landscape vegetation zones. Modelling of the regional scenario of changes in the climatic conditions of forest vegetation zones reveals that in the prediction period of 2070 and beyond, good and very good climatic conditions for the cultivation of forests with dominant Norway spruce will be found only in some parts of its today’s native range in forest vegetation zones 5 – 8. Based on the results provided by the regional scenario, the authors of this paper recommend fundamental reassessment of the national strategy of sustainable forest management in the Czech Republic, stipulating that the current practice of spruce cultivation be reduced only to areas specifically defined by the biogeographic model. The paper shows that biogeographic models based on the concept of vegetation zoning can be applied not only in regional scenarios of climate change in the landscape but also as support tools for the creation of strategies of sustainable forest management.

Impact of diffuse pollution on water quality of the Vltava River (Slapy Reservoir), Czech Republic

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Procházková ◽  
Pavel Blažka ◽  
Jirí Kopácek
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Strong Acids

This study on long-term (36 years) changes of water chemistry in the Vltava River is based on regular monitoring of the Slapy Reservoir, which has a large heterogenous catchment. Ionic concentrations doubled at constant ratio of cations, while the equivalent ratio of anions of strong acids (SO42−, NO3−, Cl−) to hydrogen carbonate increased more than twice between 1959 and 1990. Nitrate levels increased seven times, reflecting mainly rate of fertilization and atmospheric N deposition. Diffuse sources were dominant in N discharge from the basin (at least 60-80%) throughout the period, in extremely dry years the importance of point sources increased. A sharp decline in the fertilizer application since 1990 due to economic changes in the Czech Republic and also decreased emissions of sulphur in Europe has resulted in the slow recovery of water quality.

A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURE.: II. FERTILITY LEVELS AND CROP YIELDS IN A ROTATION OF POTATOES, OATS AND HAY

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
L. P. Jackson ◽  
C. R. MacEachern ◽  
E. T. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
Term Field

Treatments in a field experiment, conducted from 1936 to 1957, included commercial fertilizers and manure. A rotation of potatoes, oats and hay was followed.Application of manure at 30 tons per acre every third year practically maintained initial levels of total nitrogen and soil organic matter. Marked decreases occurred with lower rates of manure and various commercial fertilizers applied at 1 ton per acre. Increases and decreases in adsorbed and easily acid-soluble phosphorus were directly related to the amounts of phosphatic fertilizer applied. Although the situation with respect to exchangeable potassium was not comparable there was some evidence that final values were influenced by the amounts of potassium applied.All treatments were applied for potatoes, and yield differences were much greater for this crop than for either oats or hay. Rate of fertilizer application was of primary importance for potatoes, and residual effects on the oat and hay crops from 500 or 1000 pounds of commercial fertilizer per acre were generally slight. They were much more marked from manure and where commercial fertilizer was applied at a ton per acre. Irrespective of the treatment applied, linear regression coefficients, showing yield trends with advancing rotation cycles, were positive for potatoes and negative for hay. In the case of oats they were generally negative for the lowest rates of fertilizer used and positive for the highest.

scholarly journals  Monitoring of defoliation in forest stands of the Czech Republic and its comparison with results of defoliation monitoring in other European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fabiánek ◽  
K. Hellebrandová ◽  
M. Čapek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Icp Forests ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

&nbsp;As a part of International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effect on Forests (ICP Forests), defoliation of forest stands has been assessed in the Czech Republic since 1986. Defoliation is one of the principal parameters reflecting the health of forest stands that is assessed on monitoring plots within this programme. Monitoring plots are distributed evenly according to woodiness of the area in a regular schematic network all over the Czech Republic. Even though there has been a long-term reduction of air pollution in most European countries, forest ecosystems reflect these changes with some delay. In the Czech Republic the trend of total defoliation of coniferous and deciduous forest stands has been increasing very moderately in the last 10 years. This trend appears to be partially analogous with some neighbouring countries. Compared to the whole of Europe the trend of defoliation of broadleaves is very similar, but differences have occurred in conifers in the last 10 years. There are significant differences in defoliation levels among the particular countries; in this comparison the Czech Republic is classified as one of the worst. Differences in these levels are very evident especially among the neighbouring countries. To partly eliminate these differences, regular international calibration courses are organized. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The Application of Geobiocoenological Landscape Typology in The Modelling of Climate Change Implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Vlčková ◽  
Antonín Buček ◽  
Ivo Machar ◽  
Tomáš Daněk ◽  
Vilém Pechanec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetation Zonation ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Ecological Relationship ◽  
Natural Range

Abstract Geobiocoenological landscape typology, which is used in landscape planning in the Czech Republic, includes vegetation zonation of the landscape. Vegetation zones are determined by climatic conditions. Changes in climatic conditions will probably be manifested in the shift of vegetation zones in the landscape. Mathematical geobiocoenological model of vegetation zonation of the landscape is based on the general ecological relationship between the current vegetation zonation and present climatic conditions and the assumption that this general relationship will be maintained in the future. The paper presents the application of the model using the example of the prediction of changes in climatic conditions for the Norway spruce (the first-generation of the model) and grapevine (the second-generation of the model) in the Czech Republic. In the case of the Norway spruce example, the model shows that the predicted changes in climatic conditions will prevent the cultivation of the spruce in the Czech Republic outside its natural range in mountainous areas. The results of the presented model for grapevine show significant enlargement of areas climatically suitable for growing grapes within the studied area.These examples demonstrate the potential for the application of geobiocoenological landscape typology in the modeling of the effects of climate change in the landscape.

A long-term chronology of summer half-year hailstorms for South Moravia, Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brázdil ◽  
K Chromá ◽  
H Valášek ◽  
L Dolák ◽  
L Řezníčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
South Moravia
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