Impact of diffuse pollution on water quality of the Vltava River (Slapy Reservoir), Czech Republic

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Procházková ◽  
Pavel Blažka ◽  
Jirí Kopácek
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Strong Acids

This study on long-term (36 years) changes of water chemistry in the Vltava River is based on regular monitoring of the Slapy Reservoir, which has a large heterogenous catchment. Ionic concentrations doubled at constant ratio of cations, while the equivalent ratio of anions of strong acids (SO42−, NO3−, Cl−) to hydrogen carbonate increased more than twice between 1959 and 1990. Nitrate levels increased seven times, reflecting mainly rate of fertilization and atmospheric N deposition. Diffuse sources were dominant in N discharge from the basin (at least 60-80%) throughout the period, in extremely dry years the importance of point sources increased. A sharp decline in the fertilizer application since 1990 due to economic changes in the Czech Republic and also decreased emissions of sulphur in Europe has resulted in the slow recovery of water quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the SWAT model as an integrated management tool in the Švihov drinking water supply catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Jan Gregar ◽  
Jan Petrů ◽  
Jana Novotná
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
The Czech Republic

Švihov dam, the largest drinking water source in the Czech Republic and Central Europe, has problems with eutrophication. The Švihov dam catchment spreads over 1200 km<sup>2</sup> and supplies over 1.5 million people in the capital of Prague and the Central Bohemian region with drinking water. Due to intensive agricultural activities and a lack of wastewater treatment plants in small settlements, the water quality is deteriorating. As a result, corrective measures need to be taken. Technological Agency of the Czech Republic supported this research which proposes different scenarios for a reduction of water quality degradation in the dam. The Trnávka dam watershed was chosen for study purposes as it occupies one quarter of the Švihov dam watershed. Hydrological balance was established using measured data. Point and non-point sources of nutrients were determined by field research and included in a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. This study aims to propose complex watershed management to improve the state of the environment in the entire area and to reduce eutrophication. Different management practices would reduce nutrient loads of streams and increase water quality which is the critical factor in dam eutrophication. This research brings methodology and systematic approach to integrated management, and can be applied not only for the Švihov dam, but also for other watersheds, including those which function as drinking water supply.

scholarly journals Effect of Mg fertilization on yellowing disease of Norway spruce at higher elevations of the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Podrázský ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Yellowing Disease ◽  
Set Up

Norway spruce yellowing and defoliation caused by Mg deficiency was frequently recorded on many sites of the &Scaron;umava Mts. (Bohemian Forest Mts.) since 1980&rsquo;s. A forest experiment aimed at investigation response of spruce to Mg application (commercial fertilizer SILVAMIX<sup>&reg;</sup> Mg NPK) was set up in 1998. Fertilizer was applied manually in a dose of 96.5 kg Mg/ha in spruce (S) and beech-spruce (BS) vegetation altitudinal zones in spring 2000. Immediate decrease of yellowing was revealed in fertilized plots in both vegetation zones and yellowing almost completely disappeared at the end of the investigation in 2005. Further, fertilization resulted in stabile foliation while marked defoliation was reported from control plots in both vegetation zones. Mg deficiency can be effectively eliminated by appropriate fertilizer application. Balanced nutrition contributes to long-term vigour and stability of forest stands.

Assessing long-term water quality impacts of reducing phosphorus fertilizer in a US suburban watershed

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Qiu ◽  
Tony Prato ◽  
Hongmei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The Usa

Phosphorus run-off from urban lawn care is a significant water quality concern in many US suburban communities. Many state and municipal governments in the USA adopt urban fertilizer laws or ordinances that prohibit the use of phosphorus-containing lawn fertilizers. This study assesses the long-term water-quality impacts of two phosphorus-reduction scenarios in a suburban watershed in Central New Jersey. While Scenario I reduces the phosphorus fertilizer application rates by 25%, Scenario II completely eliminates phosphorus fertilizer for urban lawns as required by such laws, rules or ordinances. The long-term water-quality impacts were estimated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and then compared to the total maximum daily load (TMDL) water-quality standards using the load duration curve approach. Scenario I will decrease total phosphorus (TP) load to streams by 15.34%. Scenario II achieves greater reduction in TP load to streams than Scenario I, but results in excessive nitrogen run-off and violation of the TMDL standard for total nitrogen. While many regulatory measures focus on reducing phosphorus run-off by prohibiting the use of phosphorus in urban lawn fertilizer, they should be carefully implemented to balance the nutrient needs to maintain healthy lawns and avoid such unintended consequences.

scholarly journals Sediment transport and water quality in Máchovo Lake (Czech Republic)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Tomas Dostal ◽  
Josef Krasa ◽  
Karel Vrana ◽  
Martin Dockal ◽  
Petr Koudelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
Set Up

Sediment transport and water quality in Máchovo Lake (Czech Republic) Máchovo Lake is a historical reservoir founded by Czech King Charles IV. in 14th century. Located in northern part of central Bohemia it has been widely used for recreation purposes for many decades (or even centuries). Its catchments (ca 100 sq km) consist of intensively used agricultural land (ca 25% of area) and of large forested area under nature protection. Several other lakes (ponds) are chained on the two reservoir's inlets. Irrespective of its great recreation potential Máchovo Lake is one of the Bohemian lakes known for its problems with eutrophication and water quality. The project was set up to point out sources of nutrients and to search for proper solutions. Sediment loads in every lake within the catchments were measured and sampled in order to quantify the nutrients and other pollution. Point and non point sources of phosphorus and other nutrients were searched. Sediment transport within catchments was modelled using WaTEM/SEDEM model. Interestingly, the water quality in the particular ponds varies significantly even though each one of several hundred years old ponds is heavily silted. Soil erosion protection measures within catchments were proposed altogether with flood protection measures in the stream valleys and waste water treatment facilities in surrounding villages. Setting up water quality sampling devices in selected stream profiles was tested and designed. The continual proper management should lead to water quality improvement.

scholarly journals Fungi exposed to chronic nitrogen enrichment are less able to decay leaf litter

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda T.A. van Diepen ◽  
Serita D. Frey ◽  
Elizabeth A. Landis ◽  
Eric W. Morrison ◽  
Anne Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Litter Decay ◽  
N Enrichment

AbstractSaprotrophic fungi are the primary decomposers of plant litter in temperate forests, and their activity is critical for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Simulated atmospheric N deposition is associated with reduced fungal biomass, shifts in fungal community structure, slowed litter decay, and soil C accumulation. Although rarely studied, N deposition may also result in novel selective pressures on fungi, affecting evolutionary trajectories. To directly test if long-term N enrichment reshapes fungal behaviors, we isolated decomposer fungi from a longterm (28 year) N addition experiment and used a common garden approach to compare growth rates and decay abilities of isolates from control and N amended plots. Both growth and decay were significantly altered by long-term exposure to N enrichment. Changes in growth rates were idiosyncratic, but litter decay by N isolates was generally lower compared to control isolates of the same species, a response not readily reversed when N isolates were grown in control (low N) environments. Changes in fungal behaviors accompany and perhaps drive previously observed N-induced shifts in fungal diversity, community composition, and litter decay dynamics.

scholarly journals Fate of ammonium 15N in a Norway spruce forest under long-term reduction in atmospheric N deposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Dörr ◽  
Klaus Kaiser ◽  
Leopold Sauheitl ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
C. Florian Stange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Norway Spruce Forest

Surface Water Quality Is Improving due to Declining Atmospheric N Deposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (21) ◽  
pp. 12193-12200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Eshleman ◽  
Robert D. Sabo ◽  
Kathleen M. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition

scholarly journals The Long-Term and Retention Impacts of the Intervention Policy for Cage Aquaculture on the Reservoir Water Qualities in Northern China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3325
Author(s):  
Gelin Kang ◽  
Jingchen Yin ◽  
Naixin Cui ◽  
Han Ding ◽  
Shaoming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Cage Aquaculture ◽  
The Impact

To ensure the safety of the water supply of the Panjiakou reservoir, in 2016, the Chinese central government comprehensively banned the fishing cage culture that had lasted for almost 30 years. However, the long-term effects and retention impacts of the government’s mandatory intervention on the reservoir water quality are unknown. To determine the reservoir water quality, we employed statistical methods along with the mathematical model to investigate the internal relationship since the construction of the reservoir. We applied seasonal trend decomposition using loess (STL) to explore the long-term and seasonality trend of monthly total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP). To separate the impact of upstream water quality changes from cage culture on reservoir water quality, we employed generalized additive models (GAMs). We created a model, the LAKE2K model, to investigate the internal sources of the sediment that accumulated during the aquaculture period and its retardant effect. The results revealed that the concentration of upstream TN was more affected by non-point sources than by TP. The long-term policy of encouraging aquaculture has greatly contributed to the increase in the reservoir TP concentration rather than an increase in TN; the prohibition of cage aquaculture has resulted in a sharp drop in TP. After the ban, the sediment became the main source of TP. We suspect that the TP concentration of the reservoir and sediment will decrease gradually until a new equilibrium is reached within 10 years. This study offers lake managers an opportunity to increase their insight into the interaction of management measures with water quality and provides valuable information for the natural recovery of the eutrophic system.

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