scholarly journals Biological and chemical amelioration effects on the localities degraded by bulldozer site preparation in the Ore Mts. – Czech Republic 

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V Podrázský ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
I. Ulbrichová
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
The Impact

Biological and chemical (fertilising, liming) amelioration are among the principal tools used to restore degraded sites. These techniques were also used on the Ore Mts. plateau on plots prepared by bulldozing. We evaluated the impact of these amelioration techniques by measuring tree species primary production and humus form restoration. Begun in 1983–1985, this project studied growth reaction of forest stands by measuring height and diameter increment, for the following species (blue spruce Picea pungens Engelm., European larch Larix decidua Mill., lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl., Eastern white pine Pinus strobus L., alder Alnus incana Moench., European beech Fagus sylvatica L.) during the period 1994–2000. The growth potential by species decreases in the following order: larch, alder, lodgepole pine, white pine, blue spruce. Beech was almost exterminated by red deer browsing and the harsh climate; pines suffered heavily from browsing and bark stripping. Holorganic horizons were measured and basic soil chemical and mechanical characteristics were determined – pH, soil adsorption complex characteristics (using Kappen’s methodology), content of the humus and total nitrogen, exchangeable acidity and plant available macronutrients, granulometric composition of mineral soil horizons. Our results confirmed the relatively long-lasting effects of soil amendments, as well as the amelioration effects of alder, and the relatively inhibiting effects of larch and blue spruce.

Influence of feeding damage by small mammals on tree growth and wood quality in young lodgepole pine

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Harry Coates ◽  
Les A. Jozsa ◽  
Paul K. Diggle
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Diameter Trees ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the impact of feeding injuries by snowshoe hare (Lepusamericanus Erxleben) and red squirrel (Tamiasciurushudsonicus Erxleben) on diameter growth, height growth, and wood quality of juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var latifolia Engelm.) at Prince George and in the Cariboo Region, British Columbia. In the Prince George control stand, severe girdling damage (50–99% stem circumference) suppressed diameter and height growth of small-diameter (4.1–6.0 cm) trees, but had no effect on larger stems (6.1–8.0 cm). In the spaced stand, diameter and height increments also declined significantly with degree of partial girdling, particularly in small-diameter (3.1–5.0 cm) trees. Paradoxically, diameter increment increased significantly with degree of partial girdling in both stands at the Cariboo study area. Presumably squirrels prefer to feed on vigorous stems, and the lost growth of these trees may be substantial. There was no significant difference in amount of compression wood nor total solvent and water extractives between undamaged and damaged trees. Fiber lengths in wound-associated wood were consistently 19–21% lower than in controls. Damaged trees had greater average ring width and density than undamaged trees. The average increase in relative density of damaged over undamaged trees was 0.0343. These results suggest that a severe degree of partial girdling (which likely occurs more often in small-diameter trees) may significantly affect growth of lodgepole pine, particularly small (<5.0 cm DBH) trees.

scholarly journals Height growth determinants and adaptation to temperature in pines: a case study of Pinus contorta and Pinus monticola

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Chuine ◽  
Gerald E Rehfeldt ◽  
Sally N Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Western White Pine

In this study we aimed to compare and explain the height growth performance of two contrasting pine species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud) and western white pine(Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don.). We compiled measurements of total height growth at different ages and shoot elongation phenology realized in several provenance test trials for 109 provenances of lodgepole pine and 54 provenances of western white pine. The response of shoot elongation to temperature was assessed using a phenological model fitted on provenance mean growth curves. Although total height growth followed the same geographic trends in both species, the response of shoot elongation to temperature was different between the two, with few (lodgepole pine) or no differences among provenances (western white pine) from diverse geographic regions. The temperature for which potential cell growth rate is 50% was 10.8 ± 0.13 °C (mean ± standard error) for western white pine compared to 5.26 ± 0.075 °C for lodgepole pine. Phenology did not explain growth performance differences among geographical regions in both species, which instead were explained by differences in the number of internodes set the preceding summer; provenances originating from stressful environments produced the fewest internodes, possibly due to reallocation of carbohydrates to stress resistance.

Relationships between root form and growth, stability, and mortality in planted versus naturally regenerated lodgepole pine in north-central British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2642-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne A Robert ◽  
B Staffan Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Stability ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Horizontal Stability ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
The Impact

The roots of container-grown and manually planted lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm., are often deformed, potentially impacting their health relative to that of naturally regenerated trees. We evaluated 12 root characteristics to elucidate the type and severity of root deformities in planted pine aged 3–10 years, as well as to determine the impact of root form on their growth and stability. Results showed that root deformity is widespread: 95.0% of planted trees versus 50.9% of naturally regenerated trees had either moderate or severe root deformities. A logistic regression using the 12 root characteristics strongly distinguished between planted and naturally regenerated trees. Aboveground growth form was affected in that planted trees had a lower height-to-diameter ratio than naturally regenerated trees. In young planted trees with low or moderate root deformities, but not in trees with severely deformed roots (65.0% of all planted trees in our study), both height- and diameter-growth rates were higher than in naturally regenerated trees. Growth differences may be attributed to differential resource allocation resulting from translocation inhibition caused by root deformation. In spite of very different root systems, there was no difference in the horizontal stability of planted versus naturally regenerated trees. However, planted trees have a significantly lower root cross-sectional area and may therefore be at a higher risk of mortality, primarily from attack by the Warren root collar weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood.

Planting stock performance: Site and RGP effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Simpson ◽  
Alan Vyse
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
South Central ◽  
Interior Spruce

Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco], interior spruce [Picea glauca Moench (Voss), Picea engelmannii (Parry) and their naturally occurring hybrids] and lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) seedlings were planted on several forest sites in south central British Columbia. At planting, root growth potential (number of newly elongated roots longer than 10 mm per seedling) was determined. Trees were assessed for survival and height for at least five years. Survival of Douglas-fir and growth of all three species was affected by planting site, probably reflecting moisture and growing season temperature differences among sites. High (> 70%) survival, but not total height or mean annual relative growth rate was associated with root growth potential levels greater than 10 new roots per seedling in interior spruce and lodgepole pine. Survival and growth of Douglas-fir were not related to root growth potential. Fertilization of interior spruce seedlings at planting decreased survival 18% over seven growing seasons, and did not affect growth of surviving seedlings. Key words: reforestation, root growth potential, seedling quality, Douglas-fir, interior spruce, lodgepole pine, field performance

A module to simulate the impact of western gall rust (Cronartium harknessii) on merchantable volume and lumber yields for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) stands in British Columbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391
Author(s):  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
James W. Goudie ◽  
Richard W. Reich
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Tree Growth Model ◽  
The Impact

Western gall rust (Cronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) E. Meinecke) is a pathogen that affects lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) and has the potential to reduce lumber product yields derived from stands managed for the commercial production of timber. A dataset containing repeated measurements from 7775 trees located within the province of British Columbia, Canada, was used to develop equations that predict annual rates of stem infection, post-infection mortality, and the location of large stem galls. Results showed that annual rates of infection peaked between 3 and 5 years following stand establishment. Few new infections were predicted to occur beyond the stand age of 15 years. For an individual tree, the probability of first infection increased as its height increased relative to stand top height. The rate of mortality increased with the number of stem infections and was highest among trees infected within the first 3 years following planting. Mortality rates decreased thereafter, with many trees likely to survive to rotation. The equations predicting rust incidence and mortality were added to the Tree and Stand Simulator (TASS), an individual-tree growth model used within the province. A final equation predicting the location of large galls was added and allows TASS to account for losses due to the removal of stem defects during lumber manufacturing.

Best of both worlds: hybrids of two commercially important pines (Pinus contorta × P. banksiana) combine increased growth potential and high drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bockstette ◽  
Raul de la Mata ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Pine Hybrids

Over 18 million hectares of lodgepole pine forests have been affected by a massive mountain pine beetle outbreak in western Canada. The ensuing need for reforestation compels forest managers to deploy more drought-resistant stock in anticipation of a hotter and drier future climate. Recent studies suggest that naturally occurring lodgepole pine × jack pine hybrids may be more drought-resistant than pure lodgepole pine. We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to determine the level of jack pine introgression present in the region J lodgepole pine seed orchard, in northwest Alberta, and identified six hybrid genotypes with 10-18% jack pine introgression for further study. We compared the performance of open-pollinated seedlings of lodgepole, jack and hybrid pines under well-watered and drought conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Seedlings were subjected to repeated drought cycles, withholding water for either two or three weeks. We found that hybrid pines grew significantly faster than lodgepole pine under well-watered conditions while retaining the high tolerance to prolonged drought exhibited by lodgepole pine seedlings, a particularly beneficial combination of traits during the critical stage of establishment. We therefore suggest the deployment of hybrid lodgepole pine as a strategy to promote adaptation to hotter and drier future climates.

BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF EPURAEA OBLIQUUS HATCH (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) ON WESTERN GALL RUST

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron R. Currie ◽  
John R. Spence ◽  
W. Jan A. Volney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe life cycle, phenology, and abundance of Epuraea obliquus Hatch was studied near Hinton, Alberta. Most of the life cycle occurs on galls of Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka (western gall rust) infecting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var latifolia Engelm.). Both adults and larvae feed on the spores of the fungus. Individuals of this beetle were found on most galls sampled. Adults overwinter in the soil. They emerge in the spring to seek out and colonize galls. Eggs are laid on the surface of galls, mainly under the periderm, and larvae feed on the fungus, developing through three larval instars. Larvae in the last instar drop from galls to pupate in the soil. Adults leave the soil in late summer and return to feed on inactive galls before overwintering in the soil. The phenology of E. obliquus is closely synchronized with the timing of rust sporulation and the impact of beetle feeding may be an important natural control of western gall rust.

Impacts of repeated fertilization on components of the soil biota under a young lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Berch ◽  
Robert P Brockley ◽  
Jeff P Battigelli ◽  
Shannon Hagerman ◽  
Brian Holl
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fine Root Length

We studied elements of the soil biota in a 24-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stand in interior British Columbia 10 years after initiation of annual fertilizer treatments. The treatments included an unfertilized control, ON1 (650 kg nitrogen (N), 400 kg phosphorus (P), 400 kg potassium (K)), and ON2 (1350 kg N, 400 kg P, 400 kg K). In the forest floor, the C/N ratio was lower in ON1 and ON2 than in the unfertilized control, while available P and exchangeable magnesium were higher; NO3 was higher only in ON2. In the upper mineral soil, available P was higher in ON1 and ON2, while NO3 was higher only in ON2. In both the forest floor and upper mineral soil, microbial activity was higher in ON1 than in the unfertilized control or ON2. In the forest floor and mineral soil, Acari density, especially Oribatida and Prostigmata, was higher in ON2 than in ON1 and the unfertilized control. In contrast, Collembola density, especially Hypogastruridae, increased in ON2 relative to that in other treatments. ON2 had less lodgepole pine fine-root length, fewer ectomycorrhizal roots, fewer active fine roots, more nonmycorrhizal fine roots, and a different ectomycorrhizal community structure than ON1 and the unfertilized control. These dynamic changes to the soil biota appear to reflect changes to the plant community in response to fertilization.

scholarly journals Douglas fir and Norway spruce admixtures to European beech along a site gradient in Northern Germany – Are soil nutrient conditions affected?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Covre Foltran ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe establishment of economically valuable conifers into a matrix of native broadleaved tree species may serve as model systems that combine economic interests and nature conservation. However, it is not clear which effects the enrichment by conifers has on soil properties.MethodsOur study analyzed pure mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands as well as mixtures of beech with either Douglas fir or spruce along a soil and climate gradient in Northern Germany. We determined chemical soil properties of the O-horizon and upper mineral soil horizons. Soil pH, concentrations and storage of exchangeable cations, base saturation (BS) as well total P contents were analyzed.ResultsWe observed lowest pH and BS in spruce stands while beech showed higher BS. The impact of Douglas fir on soil chemistry varied depending on the site. Under Douglas fir-beech mixtures, mineral soil pH and BS were higher than under the respective Douglas-fir stands at nutrient-poor sandy soils. While spruce and its admixture deplete soil exchangeable Ca and Mg more than Douglas fir mixed with. Total soil exchangeable K under mixed stands were among the highest, independent of the site condition.ConclusionsOverall, our study suggest that the enrichment of beech stands by Douglas fir does not cause unexpected and detrimental changes of soil acidity and does not strongly affect soil exchangeable base cation reserves when compared to European beech. Instead, admixtures of Douglas-fir seem to lead to smaller changes in pH, CEC and BS than those of Norway spruce. Therefore, forest management may consider mixtures of European beech and Douglas fir as a reasonable management option without apprehending negative effects on soil chemistry.

AN UNEXPLAINED DECLINE IN VIGOR OF LODGEPOLE PINE

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
A. K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A condition of decline in vigor of pole-sized lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.), characterized by a marked reduction in radial increment, bark lesions, and a general deterioration of the crown, is described. The relationship of the decline to pole blight of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) is discussed.

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