scholarly journals Growth, fruit size, yield performance and micronutrient status of plum trees (Prunus domestica L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Milošević ◽  
N. Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Micronutrient Concentration

This study was carried out to determine the growth, fruit size, yield performance and leaf micronutrient status of four Serbian cultivars originated from Fruit Research Institute in Cacak [Čačanska rana (ČRA), Čačanska lepotica (ČLE), Čačanska najbolja (ČNA), Čačanska rodna (ČRO)] and six introduced cultivars [Ruth Gerstetter (RGE), Stanley (STA), Agen (AGE), Opal (OPA), Bluefree (BLU), Violeta (VIO)] grafted on suckers of local plum cultivar Belošljiva with high density under limited soil conditions of Cacak (Western Serbia). The highest trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) was recorded in ČNA and the lowest in ČLE. The higher fruit weight (FW) was registered in ČRA and lower in AGE. The most productive cultivars per tree and hectare were STA and ČRO, respectively. All cultivars showed significant differences regarding leaf micronutrient concentration and deviation to the optimum concentration (DOP). ČRO and AGE showed a wider and best balance in leaf nutritional values, respectively.  

scholarly journals Yield performance of apple rootstocks of the Geneva series on replanting soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 924-933
Author(s):  
Frederico Denardi ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal ◽  
Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Agronomic Potential

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify rootstocks with competitive agronomic potential to substitute those currently used in Southern Brazil for the Galaxy and Fuji Suprema apple scion cultivars cultivated on replanting soils. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Lebon Regis, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from the 2009/2010 to the 2014/2015 crop season, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The yield performance of the 'Galaxy' and 'Fuji Suprema' scions grafted on the G.056, G.202, G.213, G.814, G.896, G.969, M.9, and Marubakaido/M.9 rootstocks was evaluated. G.896 and G.814 stood out due to their superior annual and cumulative fruit yields, as well as to their greater yield regularity, although they showed lower ability of dwarfing the scion. The greatest average fruit weight of 'Galaxy' was obtained on G.056 and G.213. For 'Fuji Suprema', G.969 promoted smaller fruits, whereas the other rootstocks did not differ. All the evaluated rootstocks produced less suckers than Marubakaido/M.9 and less burrknots than M.9 and Marubakaido/M.9. In general, on replanting soil conditions, G.202 is promising among dwarfing rootstocks, mainly for 'Fuji Suprema'. G.056, G.814, and G.896 also stand out, and the two first are more specific for 'Fuji Suprema'.

Tree Growth, Fruit Size, and Yield Response of Mature Peach to Weed-Free Intervals

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Wayne E. Mitchem ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Michael L. Parker ◽  
Roger K. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Large Crabgrass

An experiment was conducted at one location in 1999 and two locations in 2000 to determine the critical weed-free period for peach in North Carolina. The cultivars for the three locations were ‘Contender’, ‘Norman’, and ‘Summerprince’. Weed-free intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 wk after peach tree bloom were established. Paraquat at 1.1 kg ai/ha plus nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v was applied every 10 d, after treatments were initiated at peach bloom, to maintain weed-free plots. Large crabgrass, hairy vetch, and smooth crabgrass were the primary weeds in Contender. Horseweed, smooth crabgrass, and large crabgrass were the primary weeds in Norman. Bermudagrass, smooth pigweed, and common lambsquarters were the primary weeds in Summerprince. No differences in trunk cross-sectional area were observed between the weed-free periods. Maintaining the orchard floor weed-free for 12 wk after peach tree bloom resulted in the greatest fruit size (individual fruit weight and diameter), total yield, and fruit number.

scholarly journals Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid Reduces Tree Growth and Affects Fruit Quality in Peach

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 850C-850
Author(s):  
Gregory Reighard* ◽  
David Ouellette ◽  
Kathy Brock ◽  
Duy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Fruit Maturity

`Coronet' peach on Lovell rootstock was planted near Clemson, S.C., in Dec. 1995 in 4 rows (= reps) 6.1 meters apart with trees 2.2 meters apart in-row. Trees were trained to a Kearney-V. In the 2nd leaf (Aug. 1997), `Ta Tao 5' buds were grafted to half (= 6-tree plot) the trees in each row. These trees received 2 `Ta Tao 5' chip buds infected with Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid (PLMVd) per scaffold at ≈0.75 to 1.15 m above ground. Dot blot hybridization confirmed that the chip buds successfully (100%) inoculated the treated trees, whereas the controls tested negative. Data collected in 2003 included bloom date, tree size, dormant and summer pruning times, fruit maturity date, fruit yield, mean fruit weight, skin color, soluble solids, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, and pH. Flowering and fruit maturity were delayed by ≈4 days in PLMVd-inoculated (PI) trees. PI trees produced larger fruit, but yield was 23% less than that of non-inoculated trees. Both fruit size and yield had been larger in PI trees in previous years. There were no differences in yield efficiency in 2003, but PI trees were 26% smaller in trunk cross-sectional area and 9% shorter. PI trees took 34% and 23% less time to dormant and summer prune, respectively and had 34% and 28% less wood removed by dormant and summer pruning, respectively than control trees. PLMVd increased fruit firmness, and PLMVd fruit lost firmness at a much slower rate. PLMVd did not significantly affect skin color, but PLMVD fruit were slightly less red. Soluble solid levels were higher in PLMVd fruit than control fruit during the first harvest, but were lower by the last harvest. Acidity was significantly higher and the soluble solids to acidity ratio significantly lower in PLMVd fruit. Control fruit had a slightly higher pH.

scholarly journals Influence of Mechanical String Thinning Treatments on Vegetative and Reproductive Tissues, Fruit Set, Yield, and Fruit Quality of ‘Gala’ Apple

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Kon ◽  
James R. Schupp ◽  
H. Edwin Winzeler ◽  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
State University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spindle Rotation ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Extension Center

The objectives of this experiment were to test the efficacy of a mechanical string thinner (Darwin PT-250; Fruit-Tec, Deggenhauserertal, Germany) on apple and to identify an optimal range of thinning severity as influenced by spindle rotation speed. Trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at the Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research and Extension Center in Biglerville, PA, on five-year-old ‘Buckeye Gala’/M.9 apple trees that were trained to tall spindle. A preliminary trail on five-year-old ‘Cripps Pink’/M.9 was conducted to determine the relationship between string number and thinning severity. As the number of strings increased, the level of thinning severity increased. A range of spindle speeds (0 to 300 rpm) was applied to the same trees for two consecutive years. As spindle speed increased, blossom density (blossom clusters per limb cross-sectional area) was reduced as was the number of blossoms per spur. In 2010, leaf area per spur was reduced 9% to 45%. In 2011, the fastest spindle speed reduced leaf area per spur 20%. Although increased spindle speed reduced cropload, injury to spur leaves may have inhibited increases in fruit size. The largest gain in fruit weight was 28 g (300 rpm) compared with the control. In both years, the most severe thinning treatments reduced yield by more than 50%. There was no relationship between spindle speed and return bloom. Severe thinning treatments (240 to 300 rpm) caused significant reductions in spur leaf area, yield, and fruit calcium and did not improve fruit size or return bloom. Spindle speeds of 180 and 210 rpm provided the best overall thinning response and minimized injury to spur leaves, but cropload reduction was insufficient in years of heavy fruit set. Therefore, mechanical blossom thinning treatments should be supplemented with other thinning methods. Mechanical string thinning may be a viable treatment in organic apple production, where use of chemical thinners is limited.

scholarly journals Vegetation-free Width and Irrigation Impact Peach Tree Growth, Fruit Yield, Fruit Size, and Incidence of Hemipteran Insect Damage

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie L. Fisk ◽  
Michael L. Parker ◽  
Wayne Mitchem
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Strip Width ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Samples

Orchard floor vegetation competes with peach trees for water and nutrients and may harbor pathogens and insects. Tree growth, fruit yield, and fruit size can be optimized through management of vegetation in the tree row and irrigation. Under-tree vegetation-free strip widths (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 3.0, and 3.6 m) and irrigation were studied in years four through eight of a young peach orchard to determine their effects on peach tree growth and fruit yield, harvest maturity, and fruit size. Immature fruit samples were collected during thinning in years four through six to determine the effect of the treatments on the incidence of hemipteran (catfacing) insect damage. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), as a measure of tree growth, increased with increasing vegetation-free strip width; trees grown in the 3.6-m vegetation-free strip had TCSAs 2.2 times greater, on average, than trees grown in the 0-m vegetation-free strip. TCSA also increased with irrigation; trees grown with irrigation had TCSAs 1.2 times greater, on average, than trees grown without irrigation. Yield increased with increasing vegetation-free strip width, from 9.6 kg per tree in the 0-m plot to 26.5 kg per tree in the 3.6-m plot in year four, to 24.3 kg per tree in the 0-m plot and 39.6 kg per tree in the 3.6-m plot in year eight, for a total yield over years 4–8 per tree of 100 kg in the 0-m plot compared with 210 kg per tree in the 3.6-m plot. Yield, average fruit weight, and average fruit diameter increased with irrigation in three of 5 years; the other 2 years had higher than average rainfall reducing the need for supplemental irrigation. In 3 out of 5 years fruit in irrigated plots matured earlier than fruit in nonirrigated plots. In all years, fruit grown in the 0-m strip matured earliest and had the smallest diameter. Establishing a vegetation-free strip of as narrow as 0.6 m reduced the incidence of catfacing damage compared with the 0-m treatment, even though the orchard was on a commercial pesticide spray schedule. The least damage was seen with the industry standard vegetation-free strip widths greater than 3.0 m with or without irrigation.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ‘FUJI’ APPLE TREES ON ‘JM’ SERIES ROOTSTOCKS, IN SÃO JOAQUIM/SC

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
MATEUS DA SILVEIRA PASA ◽  
ALBERTO FONTANELLA BRIGHENTI ◽  
JOSÉ MASANORI KATSURAYAMA ◽  
CARINA PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
MARLISE NARA CIOTTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Tree Production

ABSTRACT Worldwide, research has developed new apple rootstocks that induce higher yields, pest resistance and adaptation to different climatic and soil conditions. Thus, the performance of these new rootstocks in the conditions of the main regions that grow apples should be investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of ‘Fuji’ trees on different rootstocks of JM series and M.7 in the region of São Joaquim, SC. The experiment was performed from 2010 to 2015. Plant material consisted on the cultivar Fuji grafted on the rootstocks JM.2, JM.3, JM.5, JM.7, JM.8 and M.7, planted as single axis trees in the winter of 2002, and spaced at 5 x 1.5m. Trees were trained in a central-leader system and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The number of fruits per tree, production per tree, yield, yield efficiency, fruit weigh, and trunk cross sectional area were evaluated. The results showed that the yield of ‘Fuji’ apple trees is greater with the rootstocks JM.3, JM.7, JM.8, and M.7. The rootstocks JM.2, JM.5, JM.7 and JM.8 induce similar vigor as M.7. The results also show that fruit weight is little affected by rootstock.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Yield, Crop Density Coefficient and Average Fruit Weight in `Lobo' Apple Trees Under Various Planting Systems and Irrigation Treatments

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Treder ◽  
Augustyn Mika
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Density Coefficient

`Lobo' apple (Malus {XtimesX} domestica) trees grafted on Malling 26 (M.26) were planted on flat ground or on raised beds covered with black polyethylene. In both planting systems trees were drip irrigated to maintain soil water potential within the range of 0 to -0.02 MPa (0 to -0.3 lb/inch2) or were left without irrigation. Planting methods and irrigation influenced tree growth. Standard planted trees and irrigated trees grew stronger, whereas planted on beds less vigorously, irrespective to irrigation. The yield of all trees increased with time until the fourth year of production. Fruit size decreased as yield increased. Also lack of irrigation considerably reduced average fruit weight. Yield and trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) measurements were used to calculate crop density coefficient (CD). CD values varied considerably between the treatments showing their dependence on planting method, irrigation and tree age. In most cases, the correlation coefficient between CD and average fruit weight were negative, indicatingthat the weight of individual fruit decreased with increasing numbers of fruit per unit of TCA. We question whether CD coefficient may be universally used under wide range of environmental conditions and cultural practices.

scholarly journals Prunus Rootstock Affect Long-term Orchard Performance of `Redhaven' Peach on Brookston Clay Loam

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Survival

Performance of `Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] propagated on nine experimental Prunus rootstock was evaluated over 8 years beginning in 1984, in a randomized complete-block experiment with 10 replications on a Brookston clay loam soil type near Harrow, Ont. This experiment was part of an interregional NC-140 peach rootstock experiment. Significant rootstock-induced effects were noted for increase in trunk cross-sectional area, cumulative tree height and spread, cumulative number of root suckers, yield, average fruit weight, yield efficiency, winter injury, cold hardiness, and tree survival. None of the clonally propagated rootstock gave satisfactory overall performance. All trees on GF655-2, 80% on GF677, 60% Self-rooted, and 50% on GF1869 were dead by the eighth year. In addition, suckering was a major problem on GF1869 and a moderate problem on GF655-2. `Citation' induced the most scion dwarfing but had the lowest yields and low yield efficiency. When yield, yield efficiency, fruit size, and tree mortality were considered together, the four peach seedling rootstock performed better than the other Prunus rootstocks and were ranked as follows: Siberian C, Halford, Bailey, and Lovell. Of these, the first three could be recommended with the most confidence to commercial growers who grow peaches on fine-textured soils in northern regions.

scholarly journals Yield attributes and yield of okra as influenced by cultivars at Sylhet region

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
SR Saha ◽  
AFMS Islam ◽  
MM Hasan ◽  
MM Rob
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sylhet Region ◽  
Fruit Diameter

An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Sylhet Agricultural University from May to October 2013 comprising of 8 okra cultivars viz. BARI Dherosh-1 (control), Orka Onamika, Bankim, Durga, JO (Japanese okra)-1, JO-2, JO-3 and JO-4. This study was intended to select the superior okra cultivar(s) based on yield performance in acidic soil conditions. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and all the cultivars were evaluated in relation to yield and yield attributes. Significant variations were observed in almost all parameters. Results revealed that high yielding cultivars JO-3 and Bankim produced largest fruits, however maximum number of fruits and fruit setting (%) were exhibited by the latter. The cultivars JO-1 and JO-4 showed maximum fruit weight but JO-4 provided highest fruit diameter. The cultivars Bankim followed by JO-3 & JO-4 were evaluated to be promising cultivars at Sylhet regions considering overall performances regarding yield and yield attributes.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 13-16, June 2016

scholarly journals Crop Load Reduction and Fruit Size Following Multi-step Thinning of 'Empire' Apple

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Stover ◽  
Mike Fargione ◽  
Richard Risio ◽  
Xiaoe Yang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Return Bloom

Two years of field experiments were conducted in eastern New York to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-step thinning approach on reducing crop load (no. fruit per cm2 trunk cross-sectional area) and increasing fruit size of 'Empire' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). Applications of Endothall (ET) at 80% bloom, NAA + carbaryl (CB) at petal fall (PF), and Accel™ + CB at 10 mm king fruitlet diameter (KFD), alone and in all combinations, were compared to a nonthinned control and to the application of NAA + CB at 10 mm KFD (commercial standard). In both 1996 and 1997, orthogonal contrasts indicated the multi-step treatment significantly increased fruit size, reduced cropload, and reduced yield compared to single applications. Effects on cropload of consecutive treatments were largely predicted by multiplying effects of individual treatments. Although all thinning treatments except for NAA + CB at PF in 1997 significantly reduced cropload, no single treatment thinned sufficiently to ensure good return bloom. Compared to NAA + CB at 10 mm KFD, multi-step thinning with NAA + CB at PF followed by Accel™ + CB at 10 mm KFD produced bigger fruits in both years, and resulted in a higher percentage of spurs carrying a single fruit in 1996. When fruit size was evaluated after removing the effect of cropload (cropload adjusted fruit weight), NAA + CB at PF, Accel™ + CB at 10 mm, and the two applied sequentially, resulted in greater cropload adjusted fruit weight than the nonthinned control in both years, whereas NAA + CB at 10 mm did not. Contrast analysis of treatments with and without ET showed no significant effect of including ET on fruit size, though total cropload was reduced at P = 0.10 and total yield was reduced (P = 0.03 in 1996 and P = 0.12 in 1997). No deleterious effects from multi-step treatments have been observed. All thinning treatments significantly increased return bloom in 1996 and 1997 compared to the control with little difference observed between treatments. Chemical names used: naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate [carbaryl (CB)]; 6-benzyladenine [BA (Accel™)]; 7-oxabicyclo (2,2,1) heptane-2,3 dicarboxylic acid [ET (Endothall™)]

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