scholarly journals Fruit production from Opuntia ficus-indica ecotypes in comparison to commercial Italian clones 

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Carlos Manuel Gaspar Reis Reis ◽  
Maria Margarida Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz Carlos Gazarini Gazarini
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
The Third ◽  
Elementary Chemical ◽  
Marginal Soil

Fruit production, as an elementary chemical characteristic of the fruit, was evaluated in 16 Opuntia ficus-indica Portuguese ecotypes cultivated in a marginal soil without tillage, in the second and third years after plantation. The  O. ficus-indica ecotypes were compared with the Italian cultivars ‘Bianca’ and ‘Gialla’. Significant differences were found among the O. ficus-indica ecotypes in biomass-related parameters and fruit yield, and different groups were established. Two spineless ecotypes (OFI-12 and OFI-13) had highest biomass production, with 9.9 Mg/ha dry matter on average. This was not significantly different from the ‘Gialla’ cultivar, which averaged 11.9 Mg/ha, for a density of 2,667 plants/ha,in the third year after plantation. Among Portuguese ecotypes, the fruit yields ranged from 2.4 to 10.1 Mg/ha fresh weight. The cultivars ‘Gialla’ and ‘Bianca’ had the highest fruit yield (13.8 and 13.6 Mg/ha fresh weight, respectively). The ‘Gialla’ cultivar and the group of ecotypes with orange pulp produced fruits of larger size and weight compared to the ‘Bianca’ cultivar and the group of ecotypes with white pulp.

scholarly journals Establishment Technique and Rootstock Impact ‘Chambourcin’ Grapevine Morphology and Production in Missouri

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Thomas ◽  
Jackie L. Harris ◽  
Elijah A. Bergmeier ◽  
R. Keith Striegler
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

An evaluation of establishment techniques and rootstocks for ‘Chambourcin’ hybrid grape (Vitis sp.) was conducted 2009–12. Our objective was to evaluate four establishment methods and their interactions with grafted and ungrafted vines in terms of vine morphology and early fruit production under southwest Missouri conditions. The study was established in May 2009, as a factorial experiment comparing four establishment methods (open-trained without protection—two shoots, grow tube protected—two shoots, paperboard carton protected—two shoots, and fan-trained without protection—six shoots) across two vine types (own-rooted and grafted to ‘Couderc 3309’ hybrid grape rootstock). All vines in four of 12 field replications were destructively harvested near the conclusion of the first growing season, with leaf area and total vine dry matter determined. In years 3 and 4, yield, fruit composition, and vegetative growth were determined from the eight remaining replications. The fan training method increased leaf area and total vine dry matter compared with the other methods, but none of the establishment techniques affected fruit yield. Trunks that were tube protected had longer internodes, smaller diameter, and less dry matter, whereas both protection devices reduced glyphosate injury. Vine type (grafted and ungrafted) did not impact total leaf area or dry weight during the establishment year, but grafted vines had increased trunk and root shank dry weights compared with own-rooted vines. Grafted vines produced greater fruit yield in 2012. The fan training method required more labor to execute; although it was successful at increasing leaf area and root dry weight, it increased susceptibility to glyphosate injury and did not promote increased precocity or early fruit yield.

scholarly journals Analysis of Growth and Yield of Three Types Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) Based on Yield Components

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Kazuya Maeda ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Area Index

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the yield of different types of cucumbers from the perspective of yield components. The yield and yield components of nine cucumber cultivars (Beit Alpha, Greenhouse, and Japanese) grown hydroponically in a greenhouse were investigated. Fruit yield fresh weight in the Beit Alpha type was higher than that of the Japanese type, and the fruit yield fresh weight was significantly correlated with fruit yield dry weight, total dry matter (TDM), fraction of fruits, and number of fruits. However, the fruit yield fresh weight was not significantly correlated with intercepted light, light use efficiency (LUE), leaf area index, light extinction coefficient, and fruit dry matter content. High fruit yield dry weight was associated with a high TDM and the fraction of fruits. Moreover, the high TDM and fraction of fruits were associated with LUE and the number of fruits, respectively.

Rhizome sectioning and fertilization increase the productivity of cloudberry in natural peatlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bellemare ◽  
L. Rochefort ◽  
L. Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rubus Chamaemorus ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Second Year

The effects of combining rhizome sectioning and in-depth mineral fertilization on cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) growth and production in a natural peat bog were determined over four growing seasons. Observed enhancements of growth and fruit production included: increases in the density of ramets and leaves from the second year; increased flower density from the third year; and increased fruit density from the fourth year. No effect on fruit size was observed. These results demonstrate that it is possible to stimulate growth and productivity of cloudberry by cultural treatments applied to natural mires.Key words: Wild berry, Rubus chamaemorus, fruit yield, rhizome sectioning, mineral fertilization, cloudberry

scholarly journals 304 Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Growth, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Rockwool

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444B-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
High Calcium

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Trust was grown in rockwool in summer and fall 1999 and 8 calcium/magnesium nutrient treatments, formed by two levels of calcium (Ca: 150 and 300 ppm) and four levels of magnesium (Mg: 20, 50, 80, and 110 ppm), were applied to investigate the effects on growth, fruit yield and quality. High calcium (300 ppm) increased overall fruit yield and size, reduced incidence of blossom-end rot and fruit cracking. However, high calcium also reduced the dry-matter content, soluble solid content and firmness of tomato fruit, and increased fruit russetting. Magnesium did not affect early growth or fruit production. However, 2 months after applying the treatments, the plants grown under 20 ppm Mg started to show Mg-deficient symptoms (leaf chlorosis), and Mg-deficient leaves lost more than 50% of their photosynthetic capability. The Mg concentration required for achieving high yield of firm fruit with high soluble solids and dry-matter content increased as the plant aged; i.e, 50 ppm in early stage of fruit production and 80 ppm in later stage of fruit production. At the end of experiment, the plants grown with 80 ppm of Mg also had the best root systems. Therefore, for both better yield and quality, a concentration of 300/50-80 ppm Ca/Mg may be recommended. Mg concentration may be started at 50 ppm and gradually be increased to 80 ppm in the later stage of fruit production.

scholarly journals Off-season Production of Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberry Using Summer Pruning and Polyethylene Tunnels

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro B. Oliveira ◽  
Cristina M. Oliveira ◽  
Luís Lopes-da-Fonseca ◽  
António A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The spring shoots of `Autumn Bliss' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. var. idaeus; primocane-fruiting type) were cut on 2, 16, 31 July and 15 and 30 Aug. with the objective of delaying fruit harvest into the off-season under mild winter climatic conditions. Cutting shoots in August delayed fruit harvest until February and April of the following year, but shoot growth was weak and fruit yield low (4.8 and 2.1 g/cane). July cuttings delayed harvest until October to January with acceptable fruit yield (63.5, 52.8, and 26.5 g/cane for 2, 16, and 31 July, respectively). The differences in cane height and total node and fruiting node count between the three cutting dates of July were small, but there was a constant decrease in leaf area per cane from the first to the third date and a sharp decrease in fruit yield from the second to the third date. Vegetative shoot growth was less affected than yield when summer cutting was delayed until the end of July to induce a later harvest. Fruit quality always reached acceptable standards. This study confirms the practicability of using summer-cutting of primocane-fruiting red raspberries to induce off-season fruit production under protected cultivation in mild winter climates.

scholarly journals Phenology of the ‘Hass’ avocado in the State of Mexico, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Reyes-Alemán ◽  
◽  
Jaime Mejía-Carranza ◽  
Omar Ricardo Monteagudo-Rodríguez ◽  
María Eugenia Valdez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Technical Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Hass Avocado

Avocado is the third most produced crop in the State of Mexico, with 11,296 ha, where the predominant variety is ‘Hass.’ Due to a lack of knowledge about its development in different environments, its agronomic management is highly heterogeneous, since it is based on experiences in other states. The objective of this study was to analyze, describe and quantify the phenological development of ‘Hass’ avocado in three environments in the State of Mexico. The vegetative, flowering, root and fruit development of ‘Hass’ avocado was recorded during the 2011-2012 cycle. Two periods were distinguished for vegetative growth (December-April and October-November), flowering (December-February and August-October), harvest (November-February and August-October) and root growth (April-July and October-December). The vegetative growth (0.40 and 0.06 cm increase in shoot length and diameter, respectively) and root growth (36 and 24 g fresh weight and dry matter, respectively) were lower than fruit growth (70.1 mm increase in diameter) in Coatepec Harinas (temperate with andosol soil and isotherms from 14-18 °C). In contrast, the same growth measurements were higher in the localities with cambisol-luvisol soil and isotherms from 16-20 °C: Ixtapan del Oro (temperate/semi-warm, with 0.69 and 0.12 cm in shoot, and 56 and 48.8 g in root) and Temascaltepec (semi-warm, with 0.78 and 0.23 cm in shoot, and 69.3 and 31.3 g in root), but lower increases in fruit (59.4 and 56.6 mm, respectively). The phenological differences observed among environments will be useful for the technical management of the crop.

Ploidy and virus reaction in Physalis floridana RYDB.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Mean

Diploid Physalis floridana has 24, and the induced autotetraploid 48 somatic chromosomes. The increased ploidy resulted in the usual increases in size of stomates, pollen, and seed, but in a decreased nitrogen content of the leaves. Dry matter production of the leaves and stems was 28.3 per cent, greater in the tetraploid than in the diploid. The percentage moisture content was not increased by tetraploidy. The increased ploidy did not affect the reaction to several mesophyll viruses, but resulted in a marked increase in the sensitivity to the phloem virus, leaf roll. Inoculation with leaf roll at the third true-leaf stage reduced the mean fresh weight per plant by 26.5 per cent. in the diploid, and 57.3 per cent. in the tetraploid. The greater sensitivity of the tetraploid followed inoculations at other growth stages, but, with both diploid and tetraploid P. floridana, the closer the plants were to the flowering stage at inoculation the less obvious the reaction.

Orchestrated Flowering and Interspecific Facilitation: Key Factors in the Maintenance of the Main Pollinator of Coexisting Threatened Species of Andean Wax Palms (Ceroxylon spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Javier Carreño-Barrera ◽  
Luis Alberto Núñez-Avellaneda ◽  
Maria José Sanín ◽  
Artur Campos D. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Flower Visiting

Solitary, dioecious, and mostly endemic to Andean cloud forests, wax palms (Ceroxylon Bonpl. ex DC. spp.) are currently under worrisome conservation status. The establishment of management plans for their dwindling populations rely on detailed biological data, including their reproductive ecology. As in the case of numerous other Neotropical palm taxa, small beetles are assumed to be selective pollinators of wax palms, but their identity and relevance in successful fruit yield were unknown. During three consecutive reproductive seasons we collected data on population phenology and reproductive and floral biology of three syntopic species of wax palms native to the Colombian Andes. We also determined the composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, quantifying the extent of the role of individual species as effective pollinators through standardized value indexes that take into consideration abundance, constancy, and pollen transport efficiency. The studied populations of C. parvifrons (Engel) H. Wendl., C. ventricosum Burret, and C. vogelianum (Engel) H. Wendl. exhibit seasonal reproductive cycles with marked temporal patterns of flower and fruit production. The composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, comprised by ca. 50 morphotypes, was constant across flowering seasons and differed only marginally among species. Nonetheless, a fraction of the insect species associated with pistillate inflorescences actually carried pollen, and calculated pollinator importance indexes demonstrated that one insect species alone, Mystrops rotundula Sharp, accounted for 94%–99% of the effective pollination services for all three species of wax palms. The sequential asynchronous flowering of C. parvifrons, C. ventricosum, and C. vogelianum provides an abundant and constant supply of pollen, pivotal for the maintenance of large populations of their shared pollinators, a cooperative strategy proven effective by high fruit yield rates (up to 79%). Reproductive success might be compromised for all species by the population decline of one of them, as it would tamper with the temporal orchestration of pollen offer.

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