scholarly journals Labour productivity as a factor of sustainable economic development of the CR agriculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bervidová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Efficient Integration

A basic presumption of sustainable economic development of every branch is an efficient use of production factors. As a decisive production factor, it is possible to consider labour which actives other production. In such a way, labour creates sources for reproduction and improvement of other production factors; i.e. it creates sources for sustainable economic development. Efficiency of labour use as a production factor is generally evaluated by the level of labour productivity. To express its level, various indicators are used. Using the indicator of gross agricultural production per one worker, labour productivity grows, even with the decrease of production. The growth factor is there the decreasing number of workers. Using the indicator of value added per one worker, resp. per 1 CZK of labour costs, labour productivity decreases. Market factor lowers labour productivity on both input and output sides. The contribution issues from solving of the institutional research intention CEZ: J03/98: 411100013 “Efficient integration of Czech agrarian sector into the frame of European structures – presumption of sustainable development”.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT / EKONOMINIS EFEKTYVUMAS, ENERGIJOS VARTOJIMAS IR SUBALANSUOTA PLĖTRA

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Bojnec ◽  
Drago Papler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Technological Intensity

This paper analyzes structural indicators of economic efficiency and energy intensity consumption as determinants of sustainable economic development for the selected 33 European countries. The correlation, regression and multivariate factor analyses are applied to test the associations between the selected structural variables of energy intensity consumption, economic efficiency, and the main driving forces behind these developments. Economic efficiency is positively associated with expenditures on research and development (R&D) and a greater technological intensity of exports, while at the same time the economic efficiency of R&D expenditures and technological intensity of exports reduce the energy intensity consumption of the economy. The results suggest that management strategies and policies directed towards R&D expenditures, human capital investments, and technologically intensive export oriented products are improving economic efficiency performance and contributing to energy saving sustainable economic development. The technological intensity of products reduces energy consumption, which is related to restructuring of energy intensive industries into more advanced and energy saving ones with higher value added per unit of product, but with lower energy consumption per unit of product. Santrauka Autoriai analizuoja struktūrinius ekonominio efektyvumo ir energijos vartojimo intensyvumo, kaip vienų iš pagrindinių subalansuotos plėtros kintamųjų, rodiklius. Tirti buvo pasirinktos 33 Europos valstybės. Autoriai, siekdami pagrįsti iškeltus teiginius, naudojo koreliacinę, regresinę analizę bei daugiakriterinius metodus galimoms ekonominio efektyvumo bei energijos vartojimo laipsnio (ir kitų, ne mažiau svarbių elementų) variacijoms nustatyti. Ekonominis efektyvumas labai dažnai asocijuojasi su tyrimais ir plėtra (R&D), eksportuojamomis aukštosiomis technologijomis. Remdamiesi atliktų tyrimų rezultatais autoriai siūlo nukreipti tiek politinius sprendimus, tiek valdymo strategijas į tyrimų ir plėtros (R&D) veiklas, investicijas į žmogiškuosius išteklius, technologinius sprendimus, nes visa tai galima susieti su subalansuotos plėtros koncepcija.

scholarly journals Organic agricultural production in the function of sustainable development of the municipality of Štrpce

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Maja Mladenović ◽  
Radica Bojičić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Fruit Growing

Due to favourable natural conditions, the inhabitants of the municipality of Štrpce were engaged in agriculture, livestock breeding and fruit growing for decades. Although to a lesser extent, interest in agriculture is still present today, with slight variations in the type of crops being grown. In recent years, there has been an expansion of raspberry growing and beekeeping, segments that have proven to be extremely profitable. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of agriculture in the overall sustainable economic development of the municipality of Štrpce and inhabitants individually. Based on the field research, the authors will suggest improvement of this industry, especially in the field of organic production. If the predictions are true, this will be crucial for the existence and well-being of people in this region.

scholarly journals Determinants of trade balance in Polish and Czech manufacturing sectors

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Olczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Kordalska
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Research background: A strong industrial base is essential for achieving long-term sustainable economic growth and export competitiveness. In that sense, manufacturing remains a significant contributor to exports in the CEE countries. How-ever, its role and its influence vary between CEE economies and change over time. Purpose of the article: The main objective of this paper is to compare the determinants of the international competitiveness, measured by the net exports of the manufacturing sectors in the Czech and Polish economies, by using the database of 13 manufacturing sub-sectors in 1995-2011. The authors research the question of how much foreign and domestic demand, the level of labour costs, the level of sector innovation intensity, the level of sector openness to foreign markets as well as sectoral labour productivity influence the changes in trade balance. Methods: Our approach is based on employing an error correction model and SUR model to disaggregated sectoral manufacturing data. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis conducted show substantial differences in the roles particular variables play in explaining the net exports in individual sectors. For the majority of Polish and Czech manufacturing sub-sectors, generation of positive trade balance is determined by relative demand growth. An increasing labour productivity influences heavily a positive trade balance of Polish goods in majority of sub-sectors, however, a key factor in Czech sub-sectors is decreasing unit labour costs. The results of the analysis indicate mostly a greater impact of the researched factors on net exports in long rather than short term and the better capacity of the Czech economy to correct deviations from the equilibrium.

scholarly journals Structural transformation and economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African states

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Świerczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
New Structural Economics

Research background: Economic development in sub-Saharan Africa is of paramount importance, yet it escapes most of the attempts to understand it better in the economic dis-course, and it remains a sensitive issue in politics, contradicting stakeholders at national and international levels. The region still lags behind others in terms of technological advancement and economic development. It has grown  significantly in the precedent decade, but the extent of growth has not sufficiently translated to its development. Determining strategies for sub-Saharan Africa is a scientific challenge, which requires more attention. In the globalized, interconnected reality, solving problems of the South is in the best interest of the North. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyze structural changes as factors of economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African countries on the grounds of new structural economics in order to provide policy implications.   Methods: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Gabon were selected as best performing economies in the region. Based on the literature review and the analysis of descriptive statis-tics, profiles of sample countries were set. This in turn allowed to determine the potential explanatory variables for OLS model of economic development. In the model, factors relating to labour productivity, technology and structural change were included. The data was sourced from WDI (World Development Indicators) database, Gretl software was used for computations. Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by attempting to explain structural changes in the process of economic development in the sub-Saharan region on the sample of best performing states. The paradigm of new structural economics provided theo-retical grounds for empirical analysis. Based on the results, policy implications were proposed with respect to technology promotion, natural resources management, and quality of institutions. The research was limited by data availability and reliability.

scholarly journals Biosphere reserves and their contribution to sustainable development

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Kraus ◽  
Cornelius Merlin ◽  
Hubert Job
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development

AbstractThe regional labeling scheme Dachmarke Rhön is an approach of the Rhön Biosphere Reserve to foster sustainable economic development through the intensification of regional value chains. The study compares the members of the Dachmarke Rhön with a random sample, both consisting of small rural enterprises in the economic sectors of tourism and food processing. Based on face-to-face interviews with 99 managers, a comparison of the two groups regarding their integration into regional value chains is elaborated: the two groups mainly coincide with regard to the reasons for choosing local suppliers. However, members of the Dachmarke Rhön are putting more emphasis on regional buying and the relationship to their suppliers. The share of total value added within the enterprises is higher in the random sample. This on the other hand explains higher expenses for supplies and a lower direct regional economic impact within the group of enterprises of the Dachmarke Rhön. Nevertheless the analysis shows, that the expenses for buying goods stay to a greater proportion within the region and facilitate a more diverse economic structure. Thus indirect regional economic effects are maximized fostering multifunctionality at the same time. The Dachmarke Rhön therefore can be seen as a market-based tool for fostering sustainable economic development, although the need for improvement regarding logistics and education for sustainable development exists.

Employee Production Factor in Economic Development (A Study in Indonesia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 859-863
Author(s):  
Wilson Bangun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Douglas Production Function

Economic growth is one measure of development that reflects the welfare of society in a country. In Indonesia, labor production factors make the biggest contribution to economic growth compared to capital and technology production factors. However, the quality of Indonesian labor is the lowest compared to ASEAN-5. This study using approach of Neo Classic to know the magnitude of the contribution of production factors: Labor, capital, and technology to Indonesia economic growth by using the Cobb Douglas production function which is changed in a multiple regression equation. The results of this study indicate that production factors labor and investment significantly influence Indonesia economic growth. While production factors of technology have influence is little on Indonesia economic growth. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the Indonesian government improve the quality of the workforce through improving education aspects.

scholarly journals ‘NORTH OF THE SOUTH’ OR ‘SOUTH OF THE NORTH’? REVISITING THE SPATIALLY-COMPLEX ECONOMIC DIVIDE IN ITALY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca SALVATI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The North ◽  
Total Product ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
Late Transition ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Developmental Policies

The present study evaluates the economic dynamics of more than 600 local districts in two contrasting periods (mid-1990s and mid-2000s) of the recent development path of Italy in the light of territorial disparities between northern and southern regions. In order to produce a multidimensional concept of ‘economic development’ 16 variables (including share of agriculture and industry on total product, labour productivity by sector, per-capita and per-worker value added) have been considered together by using exploratory multidimensional statistics. This approach has been preferred to more traditional procedures centred on single-variable analyses (e.g. GDP level and its changes over time) or convergence analysis since it allowed us to debate on the increasingly complex geography of the economic development observed in Italy and the 'newly emerging' socioeconomic disparities among regions. Results indicate that the traditional north-south gap has not been significantly reduced along the last ten years. Coastal-inland and urban-rural gradients revealed as crucial especially in southern Italy, indicating the late transition from agriculture and state-driven industry towards services producing low value added. The persistence of the north-south divide allowed us to identify ‘changing’ and ‘structurally stable’ variables as a possible target for integrated developmental policies.

scholarly journals Acceleration of Labour Cost Along with Deceleration of Productivity: How the Slovak Manufacturing Lost the Advantage of Low Unit Labour Cost

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Karol Morvay ◽  
Martin Hudcovský
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Costs

Abstract The recent development in the Slovak economy erased a significant competitive advantage of manufacturing – low labour cost. The paper analyses the driving factors of rising unit labour costs in the manufacturing sector. The paper aims to explain why the unexpectedly rapid loss of traditional competitive advantage took place in the group of V4 countries and why this phenomenon was particularly pronounced in Slovakia. The paper identifies the driving factors that caused a strong increase in labour costs in addition to factors that also caused a slowdown in productivity growth. The decomposition of ULC dynamics has shown that the primary problem in the case of Slovakia is a very significant slowdown in labour productivity growth. Especially, from a marginal perspective, the components of gross value added developed strongly in favour of increasing compensations of employees. The decrease in the working-age population represented a significant driving force of increasing labour cost (wages) along with a halt in productivity growth caused by relatively low investment rate and absence of convergence in capital-to-labour ratio. Such development was identified in all V4 countries; however, the least favourable trend took place in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Modeling Sustainable Economic Development Using Production Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Yankovyi ◽  
Viktor Koval ◽  
Larysa Lazorenko ◽  
Olga Poberezhets ◽  
Marina Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Optimal Capital ◽  
Mathematical Characteristics

The most popular two-factor production functions used in the process of modeling sustainable economic development are examined. Economic and mathematical characteristics of Cobb-Douglas production functions, CES-function, linear function, Leontief and Allen functions are considered, in particular, type of dependence of labour productivity in relation to capital-labour ratio of commodity production system within mentioned production functions. Their most important economic and mathematical characteristics are presented: factors average and marginal return, demand for production resources, factor substitution, factors marginal rate of technical substitution, output elasticity by factors, elasticity of factors technical substitution, optimal capital-labour ratio according to the criterion of maximum output. Comparative analysis is given to Cobb-Douglas and CES-functions, which are two production functions mostly required in practice.

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between Prices of Agricultural Production Factors, Food Consumption Prices, and Agricultural Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China’s Provincial Panel Data

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3136
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Pang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xingpeng Chen ◽  
Huiyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
The Relationship

China is a large agricultural country with a high level of agricultural carbon emissions. Whether market prices can be used in agricultural production as a means of agricultural carbon emissions reduction is of great significance to improve the allocation of agricultural production factors and expand large-scale production. This paper applies an autoregressive distributed lag–pooled mean group(ARDL–PMG) model to evaluate the relationship between agricultural production factor prices, food consumption prices, and agricultural carbon emissions, using Chinese provincial panel data from 1994 to 2018. The results show that agricultural carbon emissions and agricultural production factor prices show environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) characteristics; agricultural carbon emissions and food prices show a U-shaped curve; and agricultural production factors are positively correlated with food price in both directions in the long-term. The results of Granger causality tests show that price is the cause of agricultural carbon emissions; the price of agricultural production factors and the price of food consumption are mutually causal. Such results have implications for price, agriculture, and environmental policies. The analysis implies that the market price can be applied to agricultural carbon reduction, which will help policymakers to implement effective price policies in order to reduce agricultural carbon emissions. One implication is that promoting the marketization of agricultural production factors and reducing price distortions will be conducive to carbon emissions reduction in agriculture, which in turn will increase food consumption prices. Therefore, subsidies are needed at the consumption end, which will eventually achieve further carbon emissions reduction at the production and consumption ends.

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