scholarly journals Effect of defective interfering RNAs on the vertical transmission of Tomato black ring virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Subviral Rnas ◽  
First Time

Viruses are thought to be the ultimate parasites, using host resources for multiplication. Interestingly, many viruses also have their own 'parasites', such as defective interfering RNAs (DI RNAs). One of the plant viruses whose infection can be accompanied by subviral RNAs is the Tomato black ring virus (TBRV). DI RNAs associated with the TBRV genome were generated de novo as a result of prolonged passages in one host. DI RNAs modulate the TBRV accumulation and the severity of the symptoms induced on the infected plants. In this study, we have addressed the question of whether DI RNAs can also affect TBRV vertical transmission through seeds. The experiments were conducted using the TBRV-Pi isolate and Chenopodium quinoa plants. C. quinoa plants were infected with TBRV-Pi with and without DI RNAs. Overall, 4 003 seeds were tested, and the analysis showed that the presence of DI RNAs made the TBRV-Pi seed transmission 44.76% more efficient. Moreover, for the first time, we showed that DI RNAs are being transferred from generation to generation.

scholarly journals An assessment of the transmission rate of Tomato black ring virus through tomato seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
Bartosz Czerwonka ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Wide Range

Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) infects a wide range of economically important plants, and is distributed worldwide. TBRV is transmitted by soil-inhabiting nematodes. However, a long-distance dispersion is possible via seeds and pollen. In this study, we provided evidence that virus can be efficiently transmitted through tomato seeds. Three tomato varieties (Beta Lux, Grace and Money Maker) and four genetically diverse TBRV isolates collected originally from different hosts were used in the experiments. The seedlings were grown in an insect-proof glasshouse and the presence of TBRV was verified by immunoassay (ELISA). The seed transmission was significantly dependent on tomato cultivar and virus isolate ranging from 1.69% up to 14.57%. Bioassays using Chenopodium quinoa plants confirmed the presence of infectious virus in the seeds.

scholarly journals First report of Tomato black ring virus infecting raspberry and blackberry in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Dąbrowska ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Patrycja Piasna ◽  
Tadeusz Malewski ◽  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
Wide Range

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) are infected by at least 29 viruses, including the Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) (Martin et al. 2013). TBRV belongs to the genus Nepovirus (subgroup B) of the family Secoviridae and is listed as a plant pathogen in over 40 countries. TBRV infects a wide range of herbaceous and woody plants. In Poland, TBRV has been described on the plants of the following species: Tagetes patula, T. erecta, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Lactuca sativa, Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, Sambucus nigra, and Robinia pseudoacacia (Jończyk et al. 2004, Hasiów-Jaroszewska et al. 2015). To this date, there is no information on the incidence of TBRV in raspberry and blackberry in Poland. In the spring of 2019, 52 blackberry leaf samples and 408 raspberry leaf samples were collected from 4 plantations located in central Poland. None of the raspberry plants (cvs. Glen Ample, Polka, Sokolica), nor the blackberry plants (cvs. Thornfree, Polar, Gaj, Kotata) exhibited viral symptoms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out for extracts from the 460 collected leaf samples to detect TBRV using commercial antisera (Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Germany). The results indicated that 9 samples (4 blackberry, 5 raspberry) were infected with TBRV. The isolates of the virus were transferred by sap inoculation and maintained in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi. Systemic ringspot, necrosis and patterned lines were observed on tobacco leaves. The presence of the virus in tobacco leaf samples was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted from all 9 samples using the silica capture (SC) method described originally by Boom et al. (1990) and adapted to the detection of plant viruses by Malinowski (1997). Part of the CP gene was amplified with the CPF (5’-GCCTGTCTCTCTCGCAATG-3’) and CPR (5’-AAGGAGCCAAACTGAAATGT-3’) primer pair (Hasiów-Jaroszewska et al. 2015). Amplicons of the expected size (763 bp) were obtained for each sample. The amplified products were purified, sequenced in both directions, deposited in GenBank and assigned accession numbers: MT507387 to MT507390 and MT507394 for the isolates from Rubus idaeus and MT507391 to MT507393 and MN954654 for the isolates from Rubus fruticosus, respectively. The 9 newly obtained TBRV CP gene sequences, together with the 25 isolates deposited in GenBank, were aligned by ClustalW. The isolates obtained in this study showed a 99.0-100% nucleotides (nt) and a 98.7-100% amino acids (aa) identity in the part of the CP, respectively. Comparison of the part of the CP of the 4 blackberry and the 5 raspberry TBRV isolates with 25 TBRV isolates available in GenBank showed a 80.6-97.8% nt and a 87.9-99.5% aa identity, respectively. The results of the phylogenetic analysis have revealed that the TBRV isolates obtained in this study are closely related to 3 Polish isolates (AY157994, KR139941, KR139951) and 1 Bioreba ctrl Switzerland isolate (KT923164). These findings are of epidemiological significance due to the fact that TBRV was detected on symptomless Rubus plants, which therefore represent a reservoir of the virus and a threat in case of a symptomatic infection of sensitive cultivars. Accordingly, the results will assist in using appropriate strategies for reducing TBRV incidence in Rubus-growing areas. Moreover, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of TBRV in raspberry and blackberry in Poland.

Molecular evolution of tomato black ring virus and de novo generation of a new type of defective RNAs during long‐term passaging in different hosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1767-1776
Author(s):  
Daria Budzyńska ◽  
Julia Minicka ◽  
Beata Hasiów‐Jaroszewska ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Defective Rnas ◽  
New Type

scholarly journals Within-Host Multiplication and Speed of Colonization as Infection Traits Associated with Plant Virus Vertical Transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cobos ◽  
Nuria Montes ◽  
Marisa López-Herranz ◽  
Miriam Gil-Valle ◽  
Israel Pagán
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Number Of Seeds

ABSTRACT Although vertical transmission from parents to offspring through seeds is an important fitness component of many plant viruses, very little is known about the factors affecting this process. Viruses reach the seed by direct invasion of the embryo and/or by infection of the ovules or the pollen. Thus, it can be expected that the efficiency of seed transmission would be determined by (i) virus within-host multiplication and movement, (ii) the ability of the virus to invade gametic tissues, (iii) plant seed production upon infection, and (iv) seed survival in the presence of the virus. However, these predictions have seldom been experimentally tested. To address this question, we challenged 18 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions with Turnip mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus. Using these plant-virus interactions, we analyzed the relationship between the effect of virus infection on rosette and inflorescence weights; short-, medium-, and long-term seed survival; virulence; the number of seeds produced per plant; virus within-host speed of movement; virus accumulation in the rosette and inflorescence; and efficiency of seed transmission measured as a percentage and as the total number of infected seeds. Our results indicate that the best estimators of percent seed transmission are the within-host speed of movement and multiplication in the inflorescence. Together with these two infection traits, virulence and the number of seeds produced per infected plant were also associated with the number of infected seeds. Our results provide support for theoretical predictions and contribute to an understanding of the determinants of a process central to plant-virus interactions. IMPORTANCE One of the major factors contributing to plant virus long-distance dispersal is the global trade of seeds. This is because more than 25% of plant viruses can infect seeds, which are the main mode of germplasm exchange/storage, and start new epidemics in areas where they were not previously present. Despite the relevance of this process for virus epidemiology and disease emergence, the infection traits associated with the efficiency of virus seed transmission are largely unknown. Using turnip mosaic and cucumber mosaic viruses and their natural host Arabidopsis thaliana as model systems, we have identified the within-host speed of virus colonization and multiplication in the reproductive structures as the main determinants of the efficiency of seed transmission. These results contribute to shedding light on the mechanisms by which plant viruses disperse and optimize their fitness and may help in the design of more-efficient strategies to prevent seed infection.

scholarly journals Identification of Tomato black ring virus from tomato plants grown in greenhouses in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Mohammed Al-Shudifat ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed Al-Shahwan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Al-Saleh ◽  
Omer Ahmed Abdalla ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmed Amer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Tomato Plants

scholarly journals Induction of Promoter DNA Methylation Upon High-Pressure Spraying of Double-Stranded RNA in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Athanasios Dalakouras ◽  
Ioannis Ganopoulos
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Promoter Dna Methylation ◽  
Promoter Dna ◽  
First Time ◽  
De Novo Methylation

Exogenous application of RNA molecules is a potent method to trigger RNA interference (RNAi) in plants in a transgene-free manner. So far, all exogenous RNAi (exo-RNAi) applications have aimed to trigger mRNA degradation of a given target. However, the issue of concomitant epigenetic changes was never addressed. Here, we report for the first time that high-pressure spraying of dsRNAs can trigger de novo methylation of promoter sequences in plants.

scholarly journals De Novo Partial 13q22-q34 Trisomy with Typical Neurological and Immunological Findings: A Case Report with New Genetic Insights

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Claudia Brogna ◽  
Valentina Milano ◽  
Barbara Brogna ◽  
Lara Cristiano ◽  
Giuseppe Rovere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Partial Trisomy ◽  
Cerebral Vasculitis ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Brain Malformations ◽  
Vermian Hypoplasia ◽  
Callosal Dysgenesis ◽  
First Time

The partial trisomy 13q encompasses an extensive variability of phenotypic and radiological findings including leukoencephalopathy and brain malformations such as holoprosencephaly, callosal dysgenesis, hippocampal hypoplasia, olfactory hypoplasia, and vermian hypoplasia. We report for the first time a case of a 23-year-old patient affected by de novo partial 13q22.1q34 trisomy (41.7 Mb, 72,365,975-114,077,122x3) presenting with hemiparesis related to both ischemic and haemorrhagic cerebral lesions compatible with cerebral vasculitis due to a possible combination of genetic and immunological interaction.

scholarly journals Natural vertical transmission by Stegomyia albopicta as dengue vector in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB. Cecílio ◽  
ES. Campanelli ◽  
KPR. Souza ◽  
LB. Figueiredo ◽  
MC. Resende
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Dengue Viruses ◽  
Stegomyia Albopicta ◽  
First Time ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate ◽  
Dengue Virus Type 2

The mosquito Stegomyia albopicta is among the most important arbovirus vectors in the world, particularly for Dengue viruses. Their natural history suggests that biologically these viruses are highly adapted to their mosquito hosts and they were most likely mosquito viruses prior to becoming adapted to lower primates and humans. As well as being maintained by transmission among susceptible humans, Dengue viruses may also be maintained by vertical transmission in mosquitoes during inter-epidemic periods. The larvae and mosquitoes of Stegomyia albopicta were used to identify the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in nature and to confirm the vectorial capacity concerning the Dengue virus type 2 infection. The minimum infection rate concerning S. albopicta infection with the Dengue virus was 1:36.45. In Brazil this was the first time that high minimum infection rates of vertical transmission of S. albopicta were detected in this species.

scholarly journals First Report of Soilborne Rye Mosaic Virus in Rye in Denmark

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1074-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Nielsen ◽  
M. Nicolaisen ◽  
R. Koenig ◽  
W. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
First Record ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Rigid Rod

Soilborne wheat mosaic furovirus (SBWMV)-like particles were detected in rye (Secale cereale) grown in sandy soil in West Zealand during spring 1999. Infected plants showed yellow leaf mosaic and light stunting. Electron microscopy of negatively stained crude sap preparations revealed rigid rod-shaped particles with two average lengths, 296 and 162 nm; average diameter was 23 nm. Sap-inoculation to Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor produced local leaf lesions when grown at 17°C but none when grown at 22 to 25°C. All the features agree with the description of SBWMV (1). Immunosorbent electronmicroscopy with polyclonal antiserum produced by W. Huth to furovirus-like particles isolated from rye in Germany gave a distinct decoration to particles. Light microscopy of roots cleared with 10% KOH and stained with a 0.5% solution of trypan blue in lactoglycerol revealed resting spores with a morphology and size similar to Polymyxa graminis, a furovirus vector. This is the first record of a furovirus on cereals in Denmark. The complete nucleotide sequence of the isolate was analyzed and compared with data on isolates from wheat. Sequence identity was only 74%. Therefore, the isolate was designated as soilborne rye mosaic virus. SBRMV has been recorded previously in rye and triticale in several regions of Germany (2). References: (1) M. K. Brakke. 1971. CMI/AAB Descr. Plant Viruses No. 77. (2) W. Huth. Nachrichtenbl. Dtsch. Pflanzenschutzdienstes 50:163, 1998.

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