scholarly journals Soil carbon transformation in long-term field experiments with different fertilization treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Balík ◽  
Jindřich Černý ◽  
Martin Kulhánek ◽  
Ondřej Sedlář
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Soil carbon transformation was observed in long-term stationary field experiments (longer than 20 years) at two sites with different soil-climatic conditions (Luvisol, Chernozem). The following crops were rotated within the trial: row crops (potatoes or maize)-winter wheat-spring barley. All three crops were grown each year. Four different fertilization treatments were used: (a) no fertilizer (control); (b) sewage sludge (9.383 t dry matter/ha/3 years); (c) farmyard manure (15.818 t dry matter/ha/3 years); (d) mineral NPK fertilization (330 kg N, 90 kg P, 300 kg K/ha/3 years). At the Luvisol site, the control treatment showed a tendency to decrease organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>) in topsoil. At organic fertilization treatments the content of C<sub>org</sub> increased: sewage sludge – +15.0% (Luvisol) and +21.8% (Chernozem), farmyard manure – +19.0% (Luvisol) and +15.9% (Chernozem). At the NPK fertilization, the increase was +4.8% (Luvisol) and +4.7% (Chernozem). The increased C<sub>org</sub> content was also associated with an increase of microbial biomass carbon (C<sub>mic</sub>) and extractable organic carbon (0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub> and hot water extraction). The ratio of C<sub>mic</sub> in C<sub>org</sub> was within the range 0.93–1.37%.

scholarly journals Modelling of long-term Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb dynamics from soils fertilised with organic amendments

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Claudia Cagnarini ◽  
Stephen Lofts ◽  
Luigi Paolo D'Acqui ◽  
Jochen Mayer ◽  
Roman Grüter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Lateral Mixing ◽  
Critical Limits

Abstract. Soil contamination by trace elements (TEs) is a major concern for sustainable land management. A potential source of excessive inputs of TEs into agricultural soils are organic amendments. Here, we used dynamic simulations carried out with the Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metals (IDMM) to describe the observed trends of topsoil Zn (zinc), Cu (copper), Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium) concentrations in a long-term (>60-year) crop trial in Switzerland, where soil plots have been treated with different organic amendments (farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost). The observed ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)-extractable concentrations ranged between 2.6 and 27.1 mg kg−1 for Zn, 4.9 and 29.0 mg kg−1 for Cu, 6.1–26.2 mg kg−1 for Pb, and 0.08 and 0.66 mg kg−1 for Cd. Metal input rates were initially estimated based on literature data. An additional, calibrated metal flux, tentatively attributed to mineral weathering, was necessary to fit the observed data. Dissolved organic carbon fluxes were estimated using a soil organic carbon model. The model adequately reproduced the EDTA-extractable (labile) concentrations when input rates were optimised and soil lateral mixing was invoked to account for the edge effect of mechanically ploughing the trial plots. The global average root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.7, and the average bias (overestimation) was −1.66, −2.18, −4.34 and −0.05 mg kg−1 for Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively. The calibrated model was used to project the long-term metal trends in field conditions (without soil lateral mixing), under stable climate and management practices, with soil organic carbon estimated by modelling and assumed trends in soil pH. Labile metal concentrations to 2100 were largely projected to remain near constant or to decline, except for some metals in plots receiving compost. Ecotoxicological thresholds (critical limits) were predicted to be exceeded presently under sewage sludge inputs and to remain so until 2100. Ecological risks were largely not indicated in the other plots, although some minor exceedances of critical limits were projected to occur for Zn before 2100. This study advances our understanding of TEs' long-term dynamics in agricultural fields, paving the way to quantitative applications of modelling at field scales.

scholarly journals The Content of Topsoil Nutrients, Ph and Organic Carbon as Affected by Long-Term Application of Mineral and Organic Fertilisers

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Soil is the fundamental element in agriculture and is affected in a variety of ways. Besides other things, the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilisers can significantly influence the topsoil pool of nutrients, organic carbon content and pH. Within the scope of longterm field experiments in Praha-Ruzyně, we evaluated the effect of six fertiliser treatments - unfertilised Control, farmyard manure (FYM), cattle slurry (CAT), cattle slurry amended with straw from previous cereals (CAT+STR), mineral fertiliser (NPK) and NPK amended with FYM (NPK+FYM) on a topsoil pool of nutrient content, organic carbon content (Cox) and pH between the years 2001 and 2012. In the selected period, the fertiliser treatment did not influence the N and Cox content (ranging from 0.126% to 0.143%). Phosphorus and potassium were significantly higher in the NPK+FYM treatment (109.82 and 279.27 mg/kg, respectively), while calcium and magnesium were significantly lower in the NPK treatment (2,973 and 134.95 mg/kg, respectively). Application of mineral fertilisers significantly decreased the value of pH, influencing the Ca and Mg topsoil concentrations. Organic fertilisers cannot provide a sustainable amount of nutrients to generate high yields in a short time, but release their nutrients slowly and the range of nutrients is wider. Mineral fertilisers, if not amended with organic fertilisers, can provide huge doses of nutrients, which can be quickly reused for high yields, but negatively influence the pH value, resulting in a decrease in the pool of Ca and Mg.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term fertilizer application on changes of the content of Mehlich-3 estimated soil macronutrients

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
F. Vašák ◽  
Š. Shejbalová
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Magnesium

The aim of this work is to evaluate the changes of Mehlich 3 &ndash; P, K, Ca and Mg contents in soil during a long-term field experiments with sewage sludge, farmyard manure (FYM) and mineral NPK (NPK) application, compared to the control non-fertilized treatment. The experiment was established at the Humpolec and Suchdol sites (Czech Republic). Potatoes, wheat and barley were grown in crop rotation. Fertilizing system was based on the same nitrogen dose of 330 kg N/ha per one crop rotation. Archive soil samples from the beginning of the experiment (1996) and from the end of each year&rsquo;s crop rotation (1999, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011) were analyzed. In spite of the different soil-climatic conditions of the studied sites, very similar tendencies of P, K, Ca and Mg contents changes after the fertilizing systems used were observed in the soil. In case of the same nitrogen dose (330 kg N/ha), sewage sludge appeared to be better source of bioavailable soil phosphorus compared to the farmyard manure and NPK. On the contrary, FYM was a better source of bioavailable potassium and magnesium, despite the lower total magnesium content in FYM. The NPK treatment was the best long-term source of bioavailable potassium.

scholarly journals Potassium fractions in soil and simple K balance in long-term fertilising experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Jiří Balík ◽  
Martin Kulhánek ◽  
Jindřich Černý ◽  
Ondřej Sedlář ◽  
Pavel Suran
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Low K

Experiments were used to determine the potassium release from the non-exchangeable K (Kne) forms that are involved in plant nutrition and which replenish the pool of available K. Long-term stationary field experiments with different fertilisation systems (organic: farmyard manure, sewage sludge, straw; mineral: NPK, N) were carried out to study the potassium balance and the K content changes in the topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–60 cm). The trials were located at three sites with different soil-climatic conditions. The following crops were rotated within the trial: potatoes (maize) – winter wheat – spring barley. All three crops were grown each year over 21 years. Positive correlations between the contents of the available K in the topsoil and the potassium balance (K inputs – K outputs) were observed. There were no statistically significant differences among the treatments. Depending on the soil properties, the ratio of non-exchangeable K (Kne) was 12–37% of the values obtained via the aqua regia extraction. Depending on the site, the amount released from the Kne forms to the available K form was 46–69 kg K/ha/ year. The use of K from the farmyard manure varied from 7.4% up to 25%. Due to the low K content in the sewage sludge, the long-term fertilisation with sludge may only lead to the depletion of the available K in the soil, similar to the sole N mineral fertilisation.

scholarly journals Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Decreases Soil Carbon Mineralization in an N-Rich Primary Tropical Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Xiankai Lu ◽  
Qinggong Mao ◽  
Zhuohang Wang ◽  
Taiki Mori ◽  
Jiangming Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Soil Carbon Mineralization ◽  
N Additions

Anthropogenic elevated nitrogen (N) deposition has an accelerated terrestrial N cycle, shaping soil carbon dynamics and storage through altering soil organic carbon mineralization processes. However, it remains unclear how long-term high N deposition affects soil carbon mineralization in tropical forests. To address this question, we established a long-term N deposition experiment in an N-rich lowland tropical forest of Southern China with N additions such as NH4NO3 of 0 (Control), 50 (Low-N), 100 (Medium-N) and 150 (High-N) kg N ha−1 yr−1, and laboratory incubation experiment, used to explore the response of soil carbon mineralization to the N additions therein. The results showed that 15 years of N additions significantly decreased soil carbon mineralization rates. During the incubation period from the 14th day to 56th day, the average decreases in soil CO2 emission rates were 18%, 33% and 47% in the low-N, medium-N and high-N treatments, respectively, compared with the Control. These negative effects were primarily aroused by the reduced soil microbial biomass and modified microbial functions (e.g., a decrease in bacteria relative abundance), which could be attributed to N-addition-induced soil acidification and potential phosphorus limitation in this forest. We further found that N additions greatly increased soil-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and there were significantly negative relationships between microbial biomass and soil DOC, indicating that microbial consumption on soil-soluble carbon pool may decrease. These results suggests that long-term N deposition can increase soil carbon stability and benefit carbon sequestration through decreased carbon mineralization in N-rich tropical forests. This study can help us understand how microbes control soil carbon cycling and carbon sink in the tropics under both elevated N deposition and carbon dioxide in the future.

Long-term effects of farmyard manure and sewage sludge on some soil biochemical characteristics

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saviozzi ◽  
A. Biasci ◽  
R. Riffaldi ◽  
R. Levi-Minzi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

scholarly journals Carbon storage in seagrass soils: long-term nutrient history exceeds the effects of near-term nutrient enrichment

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Armitage ◽  
J. W. Fourqurean
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Near Term

Abstract. The carbon sequestration potential in coastal soils is linked to aboveground and belowground plant productivity and biomass, which in turn, is directly and indirectly influenced by nutrient input. We evaluated the influence of long-term and near-term nutrient input on aboveground and belowground carbon accumulation in seagrass beds, using a nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus) experiment embedded within a naturally occurring, long-term gradient of phosphorus availability within Florida Bay (USA). We measured organic carbon stocks in soils and above- and belowground seagrass biomass after 17 months of experimental nutrient addition. At the nutrient-limited sites, phosphorus addition increased the carbon stock in aboveground seagrass biomass by more than 300 %; belowground seagrass carbon stock increased by 50–100 %. Soil carbon content slightly decreased ( ∼  10 %) in response to phosphorus addition. There was a strong but non-linear relationship between soil carbon and Thalassia testudinum leaf nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) or belowground seagrass carbon stock. When seagrass leaf N : P exceeded an approximate threshold of 75 : 1, or when belowground seagrass carbon stock was less than 100 g m−2, there was less than 3 % organic carbon in the sediment. Despite the marked difference in soil carbon between phosphorus-limited and phosphorus-replete areas of Florida Bay, all areas of the bay had relatively high soil carbon stocks near or above the global median of 1.8 % organic carbon. The relatively high carbon content in the soils indicates that seagrass beds have extremely high carbon storage potential, even in nutrient-limited areas with low biomass or productivity.

scholarly journals Soil carbon release responses to long-term versus short-term climatic warming in an arid ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Yu ◽  
Zhenzhu Xu ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Yao Shou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Desert Steppes ◽  
Carbon Release

Abstract. Climate change severely impacts grassland carbon cycling, especially in arid ecosystems, such as desert steppes. However, little is known about the responses of soil respiration (Rs) to different warming magnitudes and watering pulses in situ in desert steppes. To examine their effects on Rs, we conducted long-term moderate warming, short-term acute warming and watering field experiments in a desert grassland of Northern China. While experimental warming significantly reduced Rs by 32.5 % and 40.8 % under long-term and moderate and short-term and acute warming regimes, respectively, watering pulses stimulated it substantially. Warming did not change the exponential relationship between Rs and soil temperature, whereas the relationship of Rs with soil water content (SWC) was well fitted to the Gompertz function. The soil features were not significantly affected by either long-term or short-term warming regimes, respectively; however, soil organic carbon content tended to decrease with long-term climatic warming. This indicates that soil carbon release responses strongly depend on the duration and magnitude of climatic warming, which may be driven by SWC and soil temperature. The results of this study highlight the great dependence of soil carbon emission on warming regimes of different durations and the important role of precipitation pulse during growing season in assessing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance and cycle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document